胸腺介入疗法治疗重症肌无力

目的:探索一种对重症肌无力具有确切疗效,又能减少创伤性和并发症的新疗法。材料和方法:13 例重症肌无力(MG) ,CT 引导下于胸骨切迹上方经皮穿刺胸腺,用本院研制的微波治疗仪作多点微波热辐射治疗,并局部注射地塞米松。结果:13 例MG 的症状和体征于治疗后3 天内即好转,其中3 例于治疗后肌力即好转。随访3 年后,显著好转10例,好转3 例。胸腺体积于治疗后有不同程度缩小,上下径、左右径、前后径缩小率分别为24 .2 % 、31 .7 % 、34 .1 % 。胸腺内可见低密度区,由胸腺组织和水分气化及凝固性坏死所致。结论:CT 引导下经皮穿刺胸腺介入疗法对MG 疗效确切,操作简便,显效快,并发症少。适用于MG 伴胸腺瘤或胸腺增生、不愿做胸腺手术切除或无法切除、胸腺放疗效果差、能较好配合治疗的MG 患者。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺化学消融治疗肾上腺醛固酮瘤的临床研究

目的探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺化学消融治疗肾上腺醛固酮瘤的价值。方法利用国产21G三孔针在CT引导下经皮穿刺化学消融治疗肾上腺醛固酮瘤6例,术后复查CT,观察治疗前后血压、血钾和血醛固酮的变化。结果6例肾上腺瘤患者的瘤径均<2cm,术后分次复查瘤体缩小,仅残留少许瘢痕组织。5例患者血压于术后5~7d降至正常;1例患者逐渐减少降压药物用量,术后第28天降至正常。所有病人血钾术后5~10d升至正常,血醛固酮于术后5~7d降至正常。结论CT引导下经皮穿刺化学消融治疗肾上腺醛固酮瘤是一种弥散程度高、创伤小、操作简便及费用少的介入方法。     

嗜铬细胞瘤CT引导下经皮穿刺乙醇介入治疗

目的：评价CT引导下经皮穿刺乙醇乙醇介入疗法对嗜铬细胞瘤的治疗效果。材料和方法：嗜铬细胞瘤13例,男6例,女7例,年龄31－59岁,平均42岁。良性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤12例,左侧5例,右侧7例,均为单发,其中8例经活检证实,4例根据典型的临床症状、体征、实验室检查结果和CT表现作出诊断。右肾上腺恶性嗜铬细胞瘤术后复发1例,在右侧交感神经链上有2个复发灶。13例嗜铬细胞瘤均在CT引导下行乙醇注射消融治疗。结果：治疗后7－20天CT或MRI复查,8例肾上腺良性嗜铬细胞瘤完全消失,4例完全坏死并缩小。1例恶性嗜铬细胞瘤的2个复发灶完全消失。所有病例已随访7－30个月,患者血压一直正常,未再发阵发性头晕、面色苍白、四肢麻木等表现。血、尿儿茶酚胺检查也正常。结论：CT引导下经皮穿刺乙醇消融疗法对良恶性嗜铬细胞瘤具有确切疗效,安全可靠,并发症少,费用低,值得推广应用。     

CT引导下微波消融术治疗肺转移瘤的临床效果

【摘要】 目的 探讨CT引导下MWA治疗肺转移瘤的临床效果。 方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年7月接受CT引导下MWA治疗的60例肺转移瘤患者的临床资料，评估CT引导下MWA治疗肺部肿瘤的安全性及其临床疗效。结果 60例患者100个病灶术后1个月复查98个病灶完全消融，完全消融率为98.0%。术后1个月内无一例因MWA造成的死亡，12例患者发生并发症，其中3例患者发生咯血，1例胸腔积液，9例气胸，对症处理后均好转。 结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺MWA治疗肺转移瘤是一种安全有效的微创治疗方法。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺酒精介入治疗肾上腺良性功能性肿瘤

目的 评价CT引导下经皮穿刺酒精注射疗法对肾上腺良性功能性肿瘤的治疗价值。方法 对20例肾上腺良性功能性肿瘤进行CT引导下经皮穿刺酒精注射治疗,其中嗜铬细胞瘤5例、醛固酮瘤15例,观察治疗前后血压、血醛固酮、血钾及尿儿茶酚胺的变化。行CT平扫和增强扫描,观察肿瘤大小、坏死情况。结果 5例嗜铬细胞瘤经治疗后6－19个月随访,未发生阵发性血压增高,尿儿茶酚胺正常。15例醛固酮瘤治疗后5－7d,血醛固酮降至正常,血钾升至正常。其中1例在首次治疗后7个月时,血醛固酮再次升高,血钾再次降低,经再次治疗后血醛固酮、血钾转为正常。治疗后7－15d,13例血压降至正常;1例需口服小剂量降压药使血压维持正常,1个月后不服任何降压药血压降至正常。另1例醛固酮瘤在治疗后血压有较大幅度下降,但仍需服用小剂量降压药才能使血压维持在正常范围。治疗后7－15d CT复查,15肿瘤全部坏死,5例绝大部分坏死。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺酒精注射疗法对肾上腺良性功能性肿瘤具有较好的疗效,且简便、安全、创伤小及费用少。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺微波消融治疗老年人巨块型肺癌的疗效

 目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺微波消融治疗老年人巨块型肺癌的疗效。方法 选择2013-03至2015-03在CT引导下经皮微波消融治疗26例不能手术切除的巨块型肺癌患者,所有病例诊断均经术前穿刺病理证实,其中鳞癌18例,腺癌7例,腺鳞癌1例。术后即刻、3、6、12个月复查增强CT,评价肿瘤体积缩小及坏死情况,分别于术前与术后1个月采用KPS评分评价患者生存质量,随访时间为12个月。结果 26例32次微波手术均获得成功,其中6例于术后1周行二次微波消融手术。微波消融治疗结束后即刻行CT增强扫描,其中CA 5例(19.2%),PA19例(73.1%),SD 2例(7.7%),总体有效率为92.3%。所有患者瘤体负荷显著减轻,治疗前KPS评分为78.23±11.54,治疗后1个月KPS评分为85.13±10.22(t=-2.282,P＜0.05);消融术前肿瘤最大径为(10.4±1.3)cm,消融术后3、6、12个月肿瘤最大径分别为(7.6±2.4)cm、(6.2±2.8)cm 和(5.7±2.5)cm,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(F=21.482,P＜0.05)。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺微波消融治疗老年人巨块型肺癌是一种安全、微创、减瘤效果显著的介入方法,其远期疗效和对患者生存期的影响还有待进一步研究。     

CT导向下经皮细针穿刺化学消融术治疗肾上腺肿瘤

目的探讨CT导向下经皮细针穿刺化学消融术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的价值。方法CT导向下经皮细针穿刺化学消融术治疗37例肾上腺肿瘤，其中无功能性腺瘤11例、皮质醇腺瘤5例、醛固酮腺瘤7例、转移瘤14例(20个病灶)。病灶瘤径小于3cm者注射无水乙醇治疗，大于3cm者注射50％冰醋酸治疗。结果10个瘤径小于3cm的良性肿瘤治疗后仅残留少许纤维影；16个大于3cm的良性肿瘤均有进行性缩小；8个转移瘤灶缩小1／3以上，5个转移瘤灶治疗后瘤径无变化但瘤体内存在大面积低密度坏死区，7个转移瘤灶有增大并合并其他部位多发转移。全部功能性肾上腺肿瘤治疗后血液中激素水平恢复到正常范围。结论CT导向下经皮细针穿刺化学消融术治疗肾上腺肿瘤是1种效果显著、创伤性小、操作简便的介入方法。     

腹膜后或腹腔转移性淋巴结CT引导下经皮穿刺酒精消融治疗

目的 研究CT引导下经皮穿刺酒精消融疗法对腹膜后或腹腔转移性淋巴结的治疗价值。材料与方法 腹膜后淋巴结转移127例,腹腔淋巴结转移51例,其中单发肿块136例,2个或2个以上肿块42例。男125例,女53例,年龄32～76岁,平均51岁。均经穿刺活检或手术病理证实。38例在治疗前经化疗、放疗,但转移淋巴结仍继续增大,疗效不佳。仅接受1次CT引导下经皮穿刺淋巴结酒精消融治疗153例,接受2次治疗17例,接受3次治疗8例。结果 治疗后1、3、6、12、16个月,经CT和/或MRI随访评价,转移性肿大淋巴结完全坏死并缩小者97例,绝大部分坏死者18例,完全消失者63例。在首次酒精消融治疗后10～17个月,12例由于原发癌恶化而死亡。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺酒精消融疗法对后腹膜或腹腔淋巴结转移具有良好的疗效,且操作简便,并发症少,费用低,并可进行重复治疗,可作为首选的治疗方法之一。     

经皮注射平阳霉素碘油乳剂治疗肝海绵状血管瘤

目的：探讨CT引导下经皮注射平阳霉素碘油乳剂治疗肝海绵状血管瘤的疗效及安全性。方法：选择肝海绵状血管瘤患者34例,瘤体直径为3．2～12．0cm,采用CT引导下经皮穿刺,注射平阳霉素碘油乳剂治疗肝海绵状血管瘤,注射剂量为6～20ml。所有病例术后3个月、半年、1年各复查CT1次。结果：经皮注射平阳霉素碘油乳剂后,29例血管瘤瘤体内碘油沉积良好,5例PLE不能完全充盈瘤灶。术后3～6个月,全部病例瘤体均有明显缩小,其中缩小达80％以上者18例,〉50％者14例,缩小〈50％者2例。本组病例未出现肝脏坏死、胆管毁损、胆囊坏死穿孔、急性胰腺炎等严重并发症。结论：经皮注射平阳霉素碘油乳剂治疗肝海绵状血管瘤是一种操作简便且安全高效的治疗方法。     

肾上腺功能性肿瘤的乙醇介入治疗

本文介绍了两种肾上腺功能性肿瘤乙醇介入治疗方法，即经导管动脉内乙醇介入疗法治疗醛固酮瘤、CT引导下经皮穿刺肿瘤乙醇介入疗法治疗醛固酮瘤和嗜铬细胞瘤。详细评价了它们的疗效及其优缺点，并介绍了并发症及处理原则。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.