淋巴结转移率对胃癌患者预后的影响

目的 探讨淋巴结转移率(rN)在胃癌患者预后评估中的价值.方法 对比分析319例接受胃癌根治术且清扫的淋巴结总数大于或等于15枚胃癌患者的临床资料,探讨rN与胃癌预后的关系.结果 本研究中将rN按0、<30%、30%～60%及>60%分为4组,各组2年生存率分别为84.4%、66.1%、35.0%、15.1%;3年生存率分别为80.5%、45.0%、15.0%、5.5%;4年生存率分别为71.4%、33.0%、5.0%、1.4%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),与预后有良好的一致性.将同一pN分期组与rN分组比较,各组预后之间的差异均无统计学意义.COX多因素分析结果显示rN是影响胃癌预后的独立指标,其与肿瘤浸润深度、手术方式及肿瘤部位有相关性.结论 rN分级可更好地指导胃癌的治疗和预后判断,有助于完善胃癌的TNM分期体系.     

淋巴结转移率对胃癌患者预后的评估价值

目的 评估淋巴结转移率(MLR)对胃癌患者预后的预测价值.方法 回顾性分析2005-2009年间在南京医科大学第一附属医院接受根治性切除(pT4期患者除外)并具有完整随访资料的1247例胃癌患者的临床资料,从准确性、均一性和适用性3个方面比较MLR分期和pN分期的预后价值.结果 MLR和pN均与送检淋巴结数目呈正相关(均P<0.01).不同MLR分期及不同pN分期患者5年累计生存率(5-YCSR)的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);进一步经多因素预后分析显示,MLR分期和pN分期均可作为独立的预后因素(均P<0.01).ROC曲线显示,MLR分期预测预后所对应的曲线下面积大于pN分期,但差异并未达到统计学意义(p>0.05).相同MLR组中不同pN组间5-YCSR的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而相同pN组中不同MLR组间5-YCSR的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).同一pN分期患者,送检淋巴结数目不同,其5-YCSR的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而同一MLR分期患者5-YCSR则与送检淋巴结数目无关(P>0.05).结论 MLR是预测胃癌生存的独立预后因素;MLR分期评估胃癌预后的准确性与pN分期相当,但均一性和适用性均优于pN分期.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR) for patients with gastric cancer. Methods Data collected from 1247 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical surgery (pT4 cases were excluded) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between 2005 and 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. MLR was compared to pathological N staging (pN) in terms of prognostic accuracy, homogenicity, and applicability. Results MLR and pN were both positively correlated with the number of retrieved lymph nodes (both P<0.01). Significant differences were found in 5-year cumulative survival rate (5-YCSR) among different pN stages and MLR classification (all P<0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that both pN and MLR were independent prognostic factors (both P<0.01). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of MLR was larger than pN, however the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were significant differences in 5-YCSR among different MLR stages within the same pN stages (P<0.05), but not among different pN stages within the same MLR stage (P>0.05). Significant differences in 5-YCSR were also found among different retrieved-node groups within the same pN stage (P<0.05), but not within the same MLR stages (P>0.05). Conclusions MLR is an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. The prognostic homogenicity and applicability of MLR are better than those of pN, however the prediction accuracy is not favorable.     

淋巴结转移率对胃癌患者预后的评估价值

目的 探讨淋巴结转移率（rN）对胃癌根治术患者预后的评估价值.方法 回顾性分析1980-2006年间中国医科大学附属第一医院肿瘤外科收治的接受根治性手术的710例胃癌患者的临床资料.按淋巴结捡取数目将710例患者分为少于15枚组（327例）和15枚以上（含15枚）组（383例）.按淋巴结转移率进行rN分期;按淋巴结转移数量进行pN分期.分别采用Logrank检验和Cox比例风险模型来进行单因素和多因素预后分析.结果 少于15枚组和15枚以上组胃癌患者中位生存时间分别为74个月（95％ CI：55.6～92.4个月）和96个月（95％ CI：77.8～119.2个月）,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.多因素预后分析显示,rN分期既是少于15枚组（P＜0.01,RR=1.225,95％ CI：1.102～1.362）,又是15枚以上组（P＜0.01,RR=1.421,95％ CI：1.269～1.592）胃癌患者的独立预后因素;而pN分期仅仅是少于15枚组胃癌患者的独立预后因素（P＜0.01,RR=1.475,95％ CI：1.168～1.863）.采用rN分期系统,相同分期的两组胃癌患者生存时间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;而采用pN分期系统,在pN1期患者中少于15枚组患者生存时间明显短于15枚以上组（P＜0.01）.结论 淋巴结转移率是影响胃癌预后的独立因素.在判断胃癌预后中,按淋巴结转移率的rN分期不受检出淋巴结数目的限制,较pN分期系统更为可靠.     

淋巴结转移率对胃癌根治术后患者预后的评估价值

目的评估淋巴结转移率（MLR）分期系统对胃癌根治术后患者预后评估的价值。方法依据MLR分期及第6版、第7版UICC指南N分期这3种分期方法,对1042例胃癌D2根治术后患者进行预后分析。比较3种分期方法预测预后的齐性、相关性和梯度变化曲线,以及受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）。结果1042例患者术后5年生存率为47．5％,单因素和多因素预后分析显示,MLR分期（P〈0．01）和第7版N分期（P〈0．05）均为1042例胃癌患者的独立预后因素。MLR分期预测预后的AUC为0．754．高于第6版N分期的0．692和第7版N分期的0．705。与第6版、第7版N分期比较,MLR分期预测预后具有更好的齐性和线性曲线,Akaike信息标准化值更低（7240．017比7364．073和7325．731）。结论MLR分期对胃癌根治术患者的预后预测价值优于UICC指南中的N分期．有望成为一种新的淋巴结分期方法。     

淋巴结转移率对各pT分期胃癌患者预后的评估价值

目的 探讨淋巴结转移率(metastatic lymph nodes ratio,MLR)对各pT分期胃癌患者预后的评估价值.方法 回顾性分析535例接受手术治疗胃癌患者的临床资料,将MLR与UICC/AJCC pN分期对胃癌患者预后的评价价值进行比较,确定MLR分期方法的特点及优势.分层分析MLR对各个pT分期胃癌患者预后的评价价值.结果 单因素生存分析方法将MLR分为4期:MLR0(0)、MLR1(1％ ～9％)、MLR2(10％ ～ 20％)、MLR3(＞20％),各期患者的5年生存率分别为69.7％、63.5％、31.7％、28.6％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),MLR分期越高预后越差.单因素Kaplan-Meier法生存分析显示,MLR与患者预后密切相关;多因素COX比例风险回归模型分析显示,MLR是胃癌患者预后的主要独立危险因素.MLR预测胃癌患者术后5年死亡与否的ROC曲线下面积与pN分期相比差异无统计学意义.MLR对pT2和pT3期胃癌预后有较好的评估价值,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 MLR是胃癌预后的独立因素,预测胃癌患者预后的准确性较pN分期系统更为可靠,特别是对pT2-pT3期胃癌患者的预后有较好的评估价值.     

淋巴结转移率对淋巴结清扫不足15枚胃癌患者预后评估的价值

目的 评价淋巴结转移率(MLR)对淋巴结清扫不足15枚胃癌患者预后评估的价值.方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院2003年1月到2007年7月间收治的610例胃癌患者的临床资料.其中淋巴结清扫数目不足15枚者320例,15枚以上者290例,比较两组患者在不同病理N分期(pN分期)和不同淋巴结转移度分期(rN分期)中预后的差异.结果 通过Log-rank检验,确定MLR的界值,按此界值可分为rN1(MLR小于或等于10％)、rN2(MLR大于10％,但小于或等于30％)、rN3(MLR大于30％,但小于或等于60％)和rN4(MLR大于60％)4期.对于淋巴结清扫数目不足15枚者,上述不同rN分期患者的生存差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);在同一rN分期中,不同pN分期之间生存差异亦均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).对于pN2和pN3a期患者,淋巴结清扫数目不足15枚者与15枚以上者的生存差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);但在各个rN分期中,两者间差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).多因素预后分析证实,rN分期是淋巴结清扫数目不足15枚胃癌患者的独立预后因素(P=0.012,RR=1.617,95％CI:1.111～2.354).结论 rN分期能很好地对淋巴结清扫不足15枚胃癌患者的预后进行预测.     

淋巴结转移率对T2～T3期胃癌患者预后评估的价值

目的探讨淋巴结转移率在T2～T3期胃癌患者预后评估中的临床应用价值。方法回顾238例接受胃癌D2根治术治疗且清扫的淋巴结总数大于或等于15枚的T2-T3期胃癌患者的临床资料，分析研究淋巴结转移率及淋巴结转移阳性枚数是否与检出的淋巴结总数具有相关性和淋巴结转移率等病理因素对胃癌预后的影响，判定淋巴结转移率预测T2～T3期胃癌患者术后5年死亡与否的准确性，并与淋巴结转移阳性个数的预测结果比较。结果淋巴结转移率与检出的淋巴结总数无相关性，而淋巴结转移阳性枚数与检出的淋巴结总数则具有相关性。单因素Kaplan-Meier法生存分析提示，淋巴结转移率与患者预后密切相关；多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析提示，淋巴结转移率是T2～T3期胃癌患者预后主要的独立危险因素；淋巴结转移率预测T2—T3期胃癌患者术后5年死亡与否的ROC曲线下面积与淋巴结转移阳性枚数的差异无统计学意义。结论清扫的淋巴结总数大于或等于15枚时。T2～T3期胃癌患者淋巴结转移率高低与清扫的淋巴结总数不相关；淋巴结转移率是T2～T3期胃癌患者预后主要独立性危险因素；淋巴结转移率预测T2～T3期胃癌患者术后5年死亡与否的准确性与淋巴结转移阳性枚数的预测能力相同。     

胃癌淋巴结微转移的临床意义

目的 探讨淋巴结微转移与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法,用细胞角蛋白单抗ＭＮＦ．１１６检测淋巴结微转移。结果 ６０例患者淋巴结微转移的阳性率为５８．３％,微转移与肿瘤浸润深度及淋巴管侵犯密切相关（Ｐ〈０．０５）。临床病理分期Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患者微转移的阳性率明显高于Ⅰ期（Ｐ〈０．０５）。在Ⅰ期,阳性组的５年生存率明显低于阴性组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。多变量分析表明淋巴结微转移是独立的预后     

Prognostic effect of lymph node micrometastasis in patients with histologically node-negative gastric cancer

Background There is no consensus as to the impact of lymph node micrometastasis on survival of patients with gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognostic significance of lymph node micrometastasis in patients with histologically node-negative gastric cancer Methods Lymph nodes (n=2039) from 64 patients with histologically node-negative gastric cancer (T2, T3) were evaluated for micrometastasis. Three serial 5-μm sections of the resected lymph nodes were prepared for immunohistochemical staining with the anti-cytokeratin antibody CAM 5.2. Results Micrometastasis was found in 73 of 2039 nodes (4%) and 20 of 64 patients (32%). The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower for patients with lymph node micrometastasis than for those without lymph node micrometastasis (66% vs. 95%,P<.01). The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower when there were four or more positive micrometastatic nodes (94% vs. 29%,P <.01) and when there were extragastric micrometastatic nodes (89% vs. 53%,P<.01). Conclusions Lymph node micrometastasis was associated with poor outcome in patients with histologically node-negative gastric cancer. The number and the level of lymph node micrometastases are useful prognostic markers for deciding treatment strategies for additional therapy and follow-up.     

Prognostic significance of the number of metastatic lymph nodes in early gastric cancer

BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of the number of metastatic lymph nodes in early gastric cancer has not been evaluated much, although the significance of metastatic lymph nodes is defined by the location of positive nodes, according to the JRSGC for gastric cancer. METHODS: The postoperative courses of 305 early gastric cancer patients who had undergone D2-extended lymphadenectomy were followed up for a median of 108 months to evaluate the significance of the number of metastatic lymph nodes on recurrence of the disease. RESULTS: Recurrence of gastric cancer was more frequently observed in submucosal cancer than in mucosal cancer. All patients but one who revealed recurrence had nodal metastasis at the time of surgery. In cases with 1-3 metastatic lymph nodes, no patient had revealed any sign of recurrence; however, in cases with 4 or more metastatic lymph nodes, 6 of 7 patients died of recurrent disease. There were 3 cases of bone metastases, 2 of peritoneal dissemination, and 1 each of both recurrent diseases. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that in n-positive cases, in which there are 4 or more metastatic lymph nodes, there is a high probability of recurrence of early gastric cancer, and especially of hematogenic metastasis.     

Her-2/neu表达对无淋巴结转移早期胃癌患者预后的影响

目的：探讨Her-2/neu表达及临床病理特征对无淋巴结转移的早期胃癌患者预后的影响。 方法：收集70例有完整随访记录和病理组织蜡块保存完整的无淋巴结转移的早期胃癌根治手术切除患者资料,采用免疫组化法检测病理组织切片Her-2/neu表达情况,分析Her-2/neu表达及临床病理因素与患者预后的关系。 结果：全组Her-2/neu阳性表达率为25.0%,Her-2/neu表达与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、分化类型及浸润深度均无明显关系（均P>0.05）。全组5年生存率为87.8%。单因素分析显示,患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润深度及分化程度对患者生存状况无明显影响（均P>0.05）。Her-2/neu表达阳性患者的5年生存率72.0%,阴性患者为93.0%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素回归分析显示,Her-2/neu的表达为影响预后的危险因素（OR=5.036,P=0.035）。 结论：Her-2/neu的表达是影响无淋巴结转移早期胃癌患者预后的危险因素,并对早期胃癌的临床治疗有一定指导意义。     

The prognostic significance of lymph node size in patients with squamous esophageal cancer

Background The prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer remains dismal, and their care poses a great challenge of customizing therapeutic strategies for individual patients. Lymph node staging is still less than ideal in esophageal cancer patients. Therefore, we investigated a new approach to lymph node analysis. Methods One hundred eighty-seven patients curatively resected for squamous cell cancer of the esophagus were studied. The long diameter of the largest metastatic lymph node (MLN) was measured on a histopathologic slide and was considered as the MLN size. Results Patient survival decreased with each millimeter increment in MLN size. By using MLN size as the lymph node classification criterion, patients with MLN<10 mm had both a significantly better overall and cancer-specific survival than those with MLN≥10 mm. Patients with fewer than four MLNs were separated into prognostic groups according to the MLN size. Among the several prognostic factors, MLN size remained the strongest independent predictor of survival by multivariate analysis. This nodal analysis allowed stratification of patients into four stages with distinctly different survivals. Conclusions This approach supplements traditional nodal staging strategies and therefore has potential for guiding the development of treatment strategies in this carcinoma.     

Prognostic significance of internal mammary lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients]

Examination was made of clinical, histological and biological prognostic factors in 207 patients with invasive breast cancer, and determination was made as to whether variable prognostic factors, especially internal mammary lymph node metastases, would serve as a basis for the prognosis of breast cancer. In a univariate study, overall survival was significantly corrected with tumor size, axillary lymph node status, axillary and internal mammary lymph node metastases and DNA ploidy status. In a multivariate study, however, only axillary and internal mammary lymph node metastases were recognized as important, and independent prognostic factors on survival. Neither axillary lymph node status nor DNA ploidy status appeared an important prognostic factor. Axillary and internal mammary lymph node metastases could not be predicted from their clinical assessment. Only axillary lymph node dissection and biopsy of first and second intercostal spaces were concluded to be useful for accurately indicating the status of these lymph nodes.     

Prognostic significance of regional lymph node reaction after curative resection of advanced gastric cancer.

The prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer who undergo curative resection is still unsatisfactory. The relationship between prognosis and various factors such as stage, lymph node metastasis, serosal invasion and regional lymph node reaction (follicular hyperplasia and sinus histiocytosis) was evaluated. Of the factors studied, the only one that correlated well with survival was sinus histiocytosis. Lymph node metastasis was related weakly to prognosis. No correlation between prognosis and stage, serosal invasion or follicular hyperplasia was observed. Sinus histiocytosis may represent the morphological tumour-host immune reaction. Lymph node metastases or histological types were not related to regional lymph node reaction. These results suggest that sinus histiocytosis could be a useful prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Intensive postoperative follow-up for recurrence may be necessary even for patients with low-grade sinus histiocytosis in whom curative surgery is attempted.     

转移性淋巴结阳性比率对淋巴结转移胃癌患者的预后价值研究

目的 探讨转移性淋巴结阳性比率(MLNR)在预测淋巴结转移胃癌患者预后中的临床价值.方法 对2005年6月至2008年5月收治的接受D2根治术的173例淋巴结转移胃癌患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析.采用Kaplan-Meier法分析MLNR与5年总体生存率之间的相关性,分别采用单因素及多因素分析对MLNR的预后意义进行评估,通过绘制受试者工作特性曲线(ROC曲线)比较MLNR与淋巴结转移阳性数目在预测淋巴结转移胃癌患者预后方面的敏感性和特异性.结果 Kaplan-Meier分析表明MLNR与患者的5年总体生存率呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);单因素分析显示,MLNR、肿瘤发生部位、浸润深度、远处转移及淋巴结转移数目均为淋巴结转移胃癌患者预后的影响因素(均为P＜0.05);多因素分析表明,MLNR是淋巴结转移胃癌患者预后的一项独立、有效的预测指标(P＜0.05);MLNR分期对应的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)显著高于淋巴结转移阳性数目对应的AUC(P ＜0.05).结论 MLNR是影响淋巴结转移胃癌患者预后的一项独立、有效的预测指标,其预测效果比淋巴结转移阳性数目更为准确和客观.     

Prognostic significance of lymph node metastases and ratio in esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND: The incidence of carcinoma of the distal esophagus and GE junction is rapidly increasing. A large single-center experience was reviewed to determine the impact of lymph node positivity and ratio on survival. METHODS: All patients undergoing esophagogastrectomy at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital between January 1994 and December 2004 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using log-rank and Cox proportional hazard models, and survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 173 patients with invasive cancer, 123 (71%) underwent preoperative chemoradiation therapy. The largest number of patients (45%) had adenocarcinoma of the GE junction; 29% of patients had esophageal adenocarcinoma while 14% had squamous cell cancer of the esophagus. Perioperative mortality was 5.7%. Median overall survival of the entire group was 22 months and 5-year overall survival was 27%. The most significant prognostic factor for overall survival was the presence of positive LN (P = 0.01). Additionally, patients with zero involved LN had a 5-year survival of 34%, while patients with 1 to 3 positive LN and >3 positive LN had 5-year survival of 27% and 9%, respectively (P = 0.01). Finally, an increasing ratio of positive to examined LN was linearly associated with a worsening 5-year survival, (P = 0.153). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing number of positive LN in patients with esophageal cancer and increasing ratio of metastatic to examined LN portend a poor prognosis. These factors should play an important role in determining which patients receive adjuvant therapy.     

Prognostic significance of occult lymph node metastases in node-negative breast cancer

Background: Lymph node status, established by a single hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) section from each node, remains an important prognostic indicator in patients with breast cancer, but used alone it is insufficient to identify patients who will develop metastatic disease. This study was conducted to assess the significance of detecting occult metastases in 86 patients with breast cancer originally reported to be histologically node negative. None of the patients received adjuvant systemic therapy. Methods: Five additional levels from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded nodes were examined at 150-μm intervals with H&E staining and a cocktail of antikeratin antibodies (AE1/AE3) recognizing low molecular weight acidic keratins. Results: Nodes from 11 (12.8%) of 86 patients contained occult metastases. All metastases identified by cytokeratin antibody were also detected in H&E-stained sections. With median follow-up of 80 months, distant metastases occurred in five of 11 occult node-positive patients (45%) and 13 of 75 patients whose nodes were negative on review (17%). Median time to recurrence was 89 months for occult node-positive patients and not yet reached for node-negative patients (p=0.048). The disease-specific 5-year survival rate was 90% for occult node-positive patients and 95% for node-negative patients. Conclusions: The presence of occult metastases shortened the disease-free interval and suggested that more diligent axillary staging would more accurately identify patients who would benefit from systemic adjuvant treatment. Presented at the 49th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia, March 21–24, 1996.