Aceptación de actividades de fomento de la investigación en estudiantes de Grado en Medicina

AimTo present activities for the initiation of research in the medical degree.MethodResearch skills have been included as a compulsory subject with methodological contents (theoretical and practical) and seminars related to scientific discoveries, as well as in three optional subjects in which students perform a scientific project supervised by a tutor.ResultsThe grades of the tasks of the compulsory subject are high (3.7 ± 0.07 out of 4 points), and 43.8% of the enrolled students completed the three optional subjects. Satisfaction with the activities was high (3.46 and 3.9 out of 5 points), which suggests that they contribute to acquiring scientific skills in medical education, and that the work of the tutors is important (4.4 out of 5 points).ConclusionExposure to research tasks in the medical degree is well accepted by the students.     

Ansiedad comparada entre estudiantes de medicina y estudiantes de otros grados en el Área de la Salud en Coimbra

ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in medicine students and students attending other health related courses.Materials and methodsWe conducted an observational study, using a questionnaire of voluntary self full-filling, that included a section for sociodemographic characteristics, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales, and a section about studentś support means.ResultsWe verified that 82,2% of medical students and 91,4% of the other health related courses’ students, according to the GAD-7 scale and the HADS, respectively, had anxiety. In those with anxiety criteria 14,9% in HADS and 9,7% in GAD7 were on any professional help. In Medicine students a proportion of 12,6% and in other health students 11,5% were on anti-anxiety pharmacological therapy. An importante positive and significative correlation was found bettween GAD-7 and HADS-A (ρ=0.738, p< .001)DiscusionMedical students seem to have less anxiety and depression symptoms than other health related courses.ConclusionAnxiety seems to be less prevalente among Medicine students.     

Análisis de los estilos de aprendizaje en alumnos de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile

Neuro-anatomically, with early stimulation, lived experience and personal interests, each individual develops the processes and skills to learn according to a mode of learning styles. Kolb's essay evaluates each person's ways of learning. Their knowledge helps in the adaptation of teaching/learning strategies according to the learning styles, as well as taking into account students with learning styles different from the cohort or are special.

Validación de la versión en español de un instrumento de evaluación de la comunicación centrada en el paciente en OSCE

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT) to be used in an Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) to assess communication skills.MethodsData were collected from standardized patients evaluating 125 recent medical school graduates during a 12-station OSCE. A total of 1,500 completed CAT instruments were analyzed. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis were performed and tested the internal consistency of the tool.ResultsWe found a single factor solution in the Spanish version of the instrument, similar to that described by the original author. Cronbach's alpha was high, ranging from 0.93 to 0.97. The overall mean percentage of ‘excellent’ ratings for the recent graduates was 38.07%.ConclusionsThe Spanish version of CAT is a feasible tool to be used in OSCE by standardized patients to assess communication skills in a standardized manner.     

Mise en place de l’hémovigilance en Afrique subsaharienne

Purpose of the studyHemovigilance being an essential part of blood transfusion safety, many countries have set legislation for its organization and its establishment. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where transfusion practice is facing many challenges, hemovigilance does not always appear as a priority. Nevertheless, in 2000, Burkina Faso decided to reorganize its blood transfusion system according to the World Health Organisation recommendations and other international standards. A national blood transfusion center and regional blood transfusion centers were created. From 2005 to 2009, a hemovigilance pilot project was conducted by the regional blood transfusion center of Bobo-Dioulasso.MethodsThe implementation of this hemovigilance project included the following steps: training of medical and paramedical personnel of the health facilities provided with blood and blood products by the regional blood transfusion center, distribution of post transfusion and hemovigilance forms, and the creation of a hemovigilance and transfusion committee.ResultsDuring the period 2005–2009, 34,729 blood products were distributed for 23,478 patients. The return rate of the post-transfusion and hemovigilance forms (number of files completed partially or completely and returned to the regional blood transfusion center compared to the number of units distributed) raised from 83.1 to 94.8%, the rate of traceability (rate of forms returned to the regional blood transfusion center and totally completed) raised from 71.6 to 91.6%, and the concordance between the patient for which the blood was delivered and the patient transfused moved from 92.9 to 98.0%. The notification rate of transfusion incidents raised from 1.1 to 16.1 per 1000 units transfused during that period.ConclusionThe implementation of a hemovigilance system is possible in the Sub-Sahara African countries. This constitutes a major element in the improvement of different steps of transfusion safety. The implementation of a hemovigilance system requires negotiations between transfusion centers and the hospital personnel, and should be facilitated by the official regulation on blood transfusion practices.     

La historia de la residencia médica en medicina interna en Bolivia

The postgraduate school began at the Hospital de Clínicas in the city of La Paz in 1968 and was an embryonic outline of the National Medical Residence. Internal Medicine began formally in 1970, then known as the American Clinic (or Methodist Hospital) also in La Paz. The National Social Security Fund of that time (CNSS) was determined to start in 1972 the first medical residency programs. In 1973 the Ministry of Social Welfare and Public Health organized the formation of the National Committee of Postgraduate Medical Education with the participation of the National Council of Higher Education, the Bolivian Institute of Social Security, the Medical College of Bolivia, of the private sector. In 1977, the National Residency Subcommittee was established, which drafted the first regulation of the National Medical Residency System (SNRM), which was accredited by Ministerial Resolution No. 0390 of March 23, 1977. Subsequently, the Agreement on Teaching Assistance Integration signed between the Ministry of Social Welfare and Public Health and the Bolivian University, which has delegated medical specialties to the National Committee for Teaching Assistance and Research Integration (CNIDAI) and the Regional Committees for Teaching Assistance and Research (CRIDAI). The duration of the residency of internal medicine is three years. Academic training for each level includes rotations programmed and evaluated quarterly, semiannually and annually according to the following schedule: First year with four specialties considered trunk; cardiology, gastroenterology, nephrology and pulmonology. In the second year, it continues with endocrinology, hematology, infectology, neurology and rheumatology. The rotations of the third year are: internal medicine, intensive care unit (ICU) and external rotation, generally international in the case of agreements with other countries thanks to the professional relations of doctors at the Hospital de Clínicas de La Paz.     

Mise en correspondance de relations inter-structures lors de crises d'épilepsie

Matching of relationships between structures during epileptic seizures.The general context of this paper is the study of stereoelectroencephalographic signals (depth EEG) recorded during epileptic seizurs. A matching method is presented. It is aimed at quantifying (from seizure to seizure) the reproducibility of relations between channels estimated with the coherence function. On two recordings, we choose with the expert the signals on which the coherence functions are computed. A bias-correcting algorithm is then applied, and the corrected coherence is averaged on a set of frequencies to get an estimator with a lower variance and easy to interpret. The coherences are quantified and matched by extracting the least cost trace, from which we look for the vectors of coherence having a minimum number of identical coordinates. The method is applied on simulated signals built from scenarios that describe a subtype of temporal lobe epilepsy and then tested on real SEEG signals. Issues of this work are linked to: i) the automatic extraction of similarities in the evolution of relationships that take place between cerebral structures during seizures, and ii) the pointing out of recurrent scenarios in the organization of these seizures.     

Programa de entrenamiento vacacional en investigación: una propuesta de estudiantes de medicina colombianos

Introduction

Research has become a priority in academic training among medical undergraduate students, and it has been associated with positivism, motivation, and critical thinking. Scientific associations also play a role in the research training for undergraduate students. The objective of this study was to describe the results of a research program during holiday periods proposed by Colombian medical students and to evaluate the importance of promoting them in Latin America.

Estrategia colaborativa para la integración de competencias en la formación de grado en enfermería

Objective

Analyse academic results and explore satisfaction of students and professors from the experience of integration of two subjects in second year of Degree in Nursing.