肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CA242、CEA和CA125联合检测在胰腺癌诊断中的意义

目的 探讨肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CA242、CEA和CA125单项检测和联合检测对胰腺癌患者的临床诊断价值.方法 检测48例胰腺癌患者以及48例健康体检者外周血清中四种肿瘤标志物的水平,并对结果进行分析.结果 胰腺癌患者血清中CA19-9、CA242、CEA与CA125的含量显著高于正常时照组,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).单项检测时CA19-9、CA242、CEA与CA125的敏感性分别为79.2%、54.2%、50.0%和35.4%.特异性分别为87.5%、89.6%、79.2%和70.8%.联合检测时敏感性为93.8%,特异性为100%.结论 CA19-9、CA242、CEA与CA125联合检测敏感性和特异性都明显高于单项检测.联合检测较单项血清标志物检测能提高胰腺癌的诊断率.     

Effect of hemodialysis on the concentration of the seven tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen, neuron-specific enolase, CA 125, CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 in uremic patients.

The incidence of the 7 tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (SCC), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), CA 125, CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 was studied before and after hemodialysis (HD) in 144 uremic patients who had no malignancies. Before HD, of all tumor markers, the mean concentration of SCC only exceeded the normal value. The positive rate was highest in SCC (95.1%), and that of CEA and NSE was 25.7 and 10.6%, respectively. However, AFP was within the normal range in all cases. Among CA antigens, the positive rate of CA 125 was 7.6%, of CA 19-9 was 6.3% and of CA 15-3 was 3.5%. After HD, the incidence as well as the mean concentration of all tumor markers increased. A parallel increment of total protein was observed after HD. The membrane filter used in HD appears to be insufficient to remove tumor marker proteins during HD. It is necessary to consider the clinical interpretation of elevated tumor markers in patients with uremia.     

Appearance of the tumor marker CA 19-9 in liver transplant patients during rejection episodes.

The tumor marker CA 19-9 was shown to be elevated in liver transplant patients, particularly during rejection. Serial serum samples taken from 24 patients after liver transplantation were examined for tumor markers CA 19-9, SLEX, CEA, and TNF-alpha. During rejection, 85% of the patients had elevated levels of CA 19-9. Patients with early rejection had persistently higher levels than patients without rejection. The serum levels were low in nonrejecting patients compared with those with rejection. Thus, the CA 19-9 marker cannot be considered a specific tumor marker. It may, however, be an indicator of an immune response or it may be a byproduct of an inflammatory reaction to a tumor or a transplant.     

Tumor markers in the diagnosis and follow-up of head and neck cancer: Role of CEA,CA 19-9, SCC,TK, and dttpase

The clinical relevance of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), thymidine kinase (TK), and deoxythymidine-5′-triphosphatase (dTTPase) as tumor markers in the diagnosis and follow-up treatment of 26 patients with head and neck cancer is evaluated. Serum levels prior to treatment were found elevated just above the upper limit of normal in 46% (SCC), 15% (CEA), 12% (CA 19-9), 27% (TK), and 39% (dTTPase) of all patients. If all markers were taken into account, they were elevated in 73% of the untreated patients. However, only in a few cases were the tumor marker values elevated significantly (8%–12%). No significant correlation was detected between serum levels and tumor localization, staging, grading, or performance status for any of the markers. In the follow-up none of the markers tested revealed any disease-related information despite therapy variation. Patients with originally elevated marker levels showed decreasing and in some cases increasing values after primary therapy, although no tumor recurrence was detected. Even considering the results as preliminary due to the rather small sample size, they suggest that the routine assessment of CEA, CA 19-9, SCC, TK, and dTTPase serum levels is of limited practical value.     

CA125 is Superior to CA19-9 in Predicting the Resectability of Pancreatic Cancer

Background

Although carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) has been reported as a biomarker to predict the resectability of pancreatic cancer, several limitations have restricted its clinical use.

Methods

The potential of several serum tumor markers (CA19-9, CA125, CA50, CA242, CA724, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)) to predict the resectability of pancreatic cancer was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in a series of 212 patients with proven pancreatic cancer.

Results

Compared with other tumor markers including CA19-9, CA125 has a superior predictive value (CA19-9, ROC area 0.66, cutoff value 289.40 U/mL; CA125, ROC area 0.81, cutoff value 19.70 U/mL). In addition, for patients with unresectable diseases misjudged by CT as resectable, the percentage of CA125 over selected cutoff value was higher than that of CA19-9 (CA19-9, 70.27 %; CA125, 81.08 %).

Conclusion

CA125 is superior to CA19-9 in predicting the resectability of pancreatic cancer. Aberrant high levels of CA125 may indicate unresectable pancreatic cancer.     

A case of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with high serum level of CEA and CA19-9

An 85-year-old male with asymptomatic gross hematuria was diagnosed with invasive bladder tumor, transitional cell carcinoma grade 3. Serum levels of CEA and CA19-9 were elevated and histological examination revealed expression of both markers in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Out of therapeutic options, intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy were selected because of his age. During the treatment, serum levels of CEA and CA19-9 decreased along with reduction of tumor size. These serum markers have been reported to be elevated in 10 to 60% of patients with bladder tumor and are useful markers for evaluation of the treatment as suggested in the present case.     

Tumor markers in patients undergoing hemodialysis or kidney transplantation.

The following tumor markers, AFP, CEA, CA 19-9, CA-125 and CA 15-3 were studied in 50 healthy volunteers (group A), in 23 patients on chronic hemodialysis (group B) and in 30 successfully transplanted individuals (group C) who did not present any clinical symptoms or signs of neoplasia. The levels of AFP, CEA and CA 15-3 were significantly higher in group B when compared to groups A and C. The levels of CA 19-9 and CA-125 did not differ significantly among the three groups. Transplanted individuals (group C) presented significantly lower levels of CEA and AFP and higher levels of CA 15-3 when compared to group B patients. The levels of all markers were not influenced by sex or time on dialysis. It is concluded that: (1) CA 19-9 and CA-125 can be considered as reliable tumor markers in patients undergoing hemodialysis or kidney transplantation. (2) The elevation of CEA and AFP levels in hemodialysis and their decline to normal levels found in the group of successfully transplanted individuals, suggest a possible active role of functioning renal tissue in their clearance. (3) The etiology of CA 15.3 elevation following successful kidney transplantation remains obscure and requires further evaluation.     

肿瘤标志物在胃癌患者中的诊断及预后价值

目的 探讨肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4及CA242在胃癌诊断及预后判断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2002-2007年间在北京肿瘤医院就诊的160例胃癌患者血清肿瘤标志物、临床病理参数以及预后资料.结果 160例胃癌患者中CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4及CA242的初诊阳性率分别为37.7％、26.7％、37.6％及21.3％,4种标志物联合检测阳性率为62.9％.CEA阳性与淋巴结转移有关（P=0.029）;CA72-4阳性与脉管浸润及Ⅲ、Ⅳ期胃癌有关（P=0.039,P=0.011）.CA19-9阳性和阴性患者中位生存期分别为17.0和32.0个月,CA72-4阳性和阴性患者中位生存期分别为14.8和37.5个月,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.多因素生存分析提示,CA72-4可以作为独立预后因子（P=0.012）,CA72-4阳性患者的死亡危险系数是阴性患者的2.147倍.结论 肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4及CA242在胃癌患者的诊断和预后判断中有重要价值,联合检测可提高阳性率;其中CA72-4可以作为独立预后因子,CA19-9及CA72-4与胃癌患者预后相关.     

Clinical utility of CEA, CA 19-9, and CA 72-4 in the follow-up of patients with resectable gastric cancer

BACKGROUND: The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the serum tumor markers CEA, CA 19-9, and CA 72-4 in the early diagnosis of recurrence of gastric cancer. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-three patients who had undergone potentially curative surgery were considered. Serum samples were obtained preoperatively, 1 week after surgery, and at every follow-up examination. Mean follow-up time for the entire patient population was 41 +/- 33 months, and 71 +/- 27 months for patients classified as disease-free. RESULTS: Preoperative positivity was 16% for CEA, 35% for CA 19-9, and 20% for CA 72-4. Recurrence of disease was found in 75 patients (56%). Marker sensitivity in recurrent cases was 44% for CEA, 56% for CA 19-9, and 51% for CA 72-4; the combined use of the three markers increased sensitivity to 87%, which reached 100% in patients with positive preoperative levels. Marker specificity, evaluated in 58 disease-free patients, was 79% for CEA, 74% for CA 19-9, and 97% for CA 72-4. CONCLUSIONS: The combined assay of CEA, CA 19-9, and CA 72-4 may be useful for early diagnosis of recurrence of gastric cancer; however, only CA 72-4 positivity should be considered a specific predictor of tumor recurrence.     

Precystectomy serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 125, and carcinoembryonic antigen: Prognostic value in invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prognostic value of precystectomy carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).Methods and materialsPreoperatively collected serum samples from patients with invasive UCB who underwent radical cystectomy between 2004 and 2009 were used to measure CA 19-9, CA 125, and CEA levels. Laboratory cutoff points were used to define elevated marker levels (CA 19-9>37 U/ml, CA 125>35 U/ml, and CEA>3.8 U/ml). The Cox regression model was used to identify independent predictors of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 186 patients with the mean age of 69 years (range: 36–89) and median follow-up of 4 years (range: 0.1–7.2) were included in the study. Overall, 94 (51%) patients had pathologic organ-confined disease (≤T2) and 92 (49%) had pathologic locally advanced UCB (pT3–T4 or positive lymph node or both). The mean CA 19-9, CA 125, and CEA levels were 11.6 U/ml (range:<0.6–111), 11.5 U/ml (range: 3–56), and 2.2 ng/ml (range: 0.3–30.2), respectively. Levels of CA 19-9, CEA, and CA 125 were elevated in 7 (3%), 25 (13%), and 3 (1%) patients, respectively. Median 3-year RFS and OS were 72%. Using the multivariate Cox regression model, elevated levels of CA 19-9 and CEA were found to be independent predictors of worse 3-year OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.7, P = 0.05 and HR = 2, P = 0.03, respectively), and an elevated level of CA 19-9 was an independent predictor of worse 3-year RFS (HR = 2.8, P = 0.05). Precystectomy CA 125 level was not associated with oncological outcome.ConclusionsElevated precystectomy serum levels of CA 19-9 and CEA are independent predictors of worse oncological outcome in patients with invasive UCB. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of these markers in the management of UCB.     

Diagnosis of skeletal metastases by serum tumor markers]

Levels of serum tumor markers including CEA, AFP, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CA 125 and TPA were measured in 26 patients with bone metastases and in 9 patients with primary bone tumors. TPA was the most sensitive marker to detect skeletal metastasis being elevated in 15 of the 22 patients (68.2%). High sensitivity was observed in CEA (46.1%), CA 15-3 (40%), and CA 125 (35%), and AFP showed relatively low sensitivity (4.3%). When elevation of TPA only or elevation of more than two tumor markers including TPA was used as a screening test for skeletal metastasis, over-all sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 73.1%, 88.9%, and 81% respectively. No definite correlation between the markers could be seen in this study. A combination of serum tumor markers was useful in the differential diagnosis of bone metastases from primary bone lesions. However, organ specificity of the markers were relatively low.     

胰腺癌血清肿瘤标记物的表达及其临床意义

目的 观察胰腺癌患者血清肿瘤标记的表达,以寻找对胰腺癌诊断与随访有价值的血清肿瘤标记物。方法 采用免疫分析法和放射免疫法检测62例胰腺癌患者血清AFP、CEA、CA50、CA15-3、CA19-9、CA72-4和CA125共7种肿瘤标记物的表达,并取以胃肠道肿瘤患者和良性疾病患者各16例作为对照。结果 7种肿瘤标记物中,CA19-9、CA50和CA125对胰腺癌诊断的相对价值较高,尤以CA19-9的诊断价值最高,灵敏度和特异度分别为90.6%和86.7%,切除术后监测上述三项指标呈下降趋势,结论 血清CA19-9、CA50和CA125的检测对胰腺癌的诊断和随访是有价值的。     

Serum CA 19-9 and CA 50 antigens in hemodialysis patients

Serum concentrations of monoclonal antibody-defined tumor markers CA 19-9 and CA 50 were measured in 64 uncomplicated hemodialysis patients (Group 1) and in 8 hemodialysis patients with cancer (Group 2) in comparison with corresponding CEA determinations. From our results in Group 1 patients it appears that both CA 19-9 and CA 50 maintained an excellent specificity in these patients. As to the sensitivity of these tests, our findings in Group 2 patients are comparable with those reported in patients with cancer and normal renal function. It is concluded that, unlike CEA, these new tumor markers maintain their clinical value in chronic renal failure.     

多种肿瘤标志物联合检测对肝门胆管癌诊断的意义

目的:探讨联合检测肿瘤标志物CA50,CA125,CA242,CA19-9及CEA对肝门胆管癌诊断的意义.方法:选择近2年间住院且术后病理证实为肝门胆管癌患者90例作为观察组,同期胆道良性病变患者91例作为对照组,采用全自动电化学发光分析仪测定两组患者术前血清中CA50,CA125,CA242,CA19-9及CEA的水平.分别计算两组血清中5种肿瘤标志物的敏感性、特异性及准确性.结果:观察组血清CA50,CA242,CA19-9及CEA的水平明显高于对照组(均P＜0.01),而观察组血清CA125水平与对照组血清CA125水平比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).血清CA19-9在肝门胆管癌中阳性率最高(86.67％),次为CA242( 63.33％)及CA50 (60％);两组患者血清中5种标志物的阳性率比较,除CA125外,各相应组间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对于肝门胆管癌的诊断,血清CA19-9灵敏度最好(93.98％),而CEA的特异度最好(94.60％).结论:联合检测CA50,CA242,CA19-9和CEA有助于肝门胆管癌与胆道良性疾病鉴别.     

结直肠癌患者术前CEA、CA19-9浓度与临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的:探讨结直肠癌患者术前CEA、CA19-9浓度与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:收集2007年1月—2008年7月收治并行根治性手术的356例结直肠癌患者的临床病理资料,分析血清CEA、CA19-9与临床病理特征及生存率的关系。结果:单因素分析结果显示,血清CEA浓度升高与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、病理类型、肝转移、周围脏器受累有关(均P<0.05);血清CA19-9浓度升高与肿瘤浸润深度、腹膜转移、肝转移有关(均P<0.05)。生存分析结果显示,血清CEA浓度升高患者生存率低于血清CEA浓度正常患者(P<0.05);血清CA19-9浓度升高患者与血清CA19-9浓度正常患者生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血清CEA、CA19-9浓度同时升高患者与血清CEA升高或血清CA19-9升高患者生存率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),但明显低于血清CEA、CA19-9均正常患者(P<0.05)。结论:血清CEA、CA19-9浓度同时升高可能是结直肠癌的晚期事件,提示患者预后不良。     

血清CA19-9和CEA检测在胰腺癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨血清CA19-9和CEA检测对胰腺癌诊断的价值.方法 选取西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院2003年1月至2005年12月期间44例胰腺癌病人及同期64例健康查体者,应用免疫放射法检测肿瘤标志物CA19-9和CEA在血清中的水平.采用的正常参考值分别为CA19-9＜39U/ml,CEA＜3.4 ng/ml.结果 胰腺癌病人血清中CA19-9和CEA水平明显高于健康查体者(P＜0.01),而血清中AFP水平无统计学差异(P＞0.05).CA19-9和CEA联合检测对胰腺癌诊断的敏感性高于单一检查,但联合检测与单一检测之间的特异性无明显差异.AFP与CA19-9、CEA的两联或三联检测均不能提高诊断的敏感性和特异性.胰腺癌病人血清中CA19-9和CEA水平在Ⅰ+ⅡA期和ⅡB+Ⅲ+Ⅳ期间均不存在显著型差异.但是,血清中CA19-9和CEA联合检测对ⅡB+Ⅲ+Ⅳ期胰腺癌诊断的敏感性较Ⅰ+ⅡA期胰腺癌升高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 CA19-9和CEA的联合检测可弥补单项指标检测的不足,明显提高诊断胰腺癌敏感性.同时,CA19-9和CEA检测对提示胰腺癌发生肠系膜血管侵犯、淋巴结或胰外器官转移具有一定意义.     

Papillary adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter producing carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carbohydrate antigen 125

We report a case of advanced renal pelvis and ureter adenocarcinoma producing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125). A 72-year-old woman was diagnosed with right renal pelvic and ureter tumor with para-aortic lymph node swelling. Biopsy of the ureteral mass revealed papillary adenocarcinoma. Serum levels of CEA, CA19-9 and CA125 were extremely elevated. The patient was successfully treated with paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy followed by surgery.     

Preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels for the evaluation of curability and resectability in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Background Purpose Although carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) are the most studied serum tumor markers that have been evaluated for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer, little is known of the value of these markers for the prediction of curability and resectability. Methods We retrospectively reviewed preoperative serum levels of CEA and CA 19-9 in 244 consecutive patients with pancreatic operations. Results Although 159 pancreatic operations seemed “resectable”, 93 of them were judged curative (R0) and the other 66 turned out to be noncurative (R1/2). The remaining 85 failed resection because of unexpected metastasis or locally advanced disease (LD), which was unresectable compared with levels in those patients without liver metastasis or LD. CEA levels were significantly higher in patients with liver metastasis and LD, while CA 19-9 levels were correlated with liver and peritoneal metastases. When both markers were negative, curative (R0) and respectable (R0 + R1/2) operation were performed in 70% and 85% of patients, respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that under conditions where both CEA and CA 19-9 were negative, the odds ratios for curative and respectable operations were 4.43 and 3.58, respectively. Conclusions Our data suggest that combined preoperative CEA and CA 19-9 levels are suitable for assessing expected curability and resectability in patients with pancreatic cancer.     

Diagnostic and prognostic values of CA 19-9 and CEA in periampullary cancers

BACKGROUND: The roles of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) in periampullary cancers have not been clearly established. Diagnostic and prognostic values of these two tumor markers were clarified in this study. STUDY DESIGN: Preoperative serum levels of CEA and CA 19-9, and clinicopathologic features were retrospectively reviewed in 143 surgical patients with periampullary cancer from 1989 to 1997. RESULTS: There were 86 resectable and 57 unresectable periampullary cancers. CA 19-9 demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity in detecting these cancers than CEA. The cancer with unresectable lesion, total bilirubin >7.3 mg/dL, or tumor size >2 cm tended to associate with higher CA 19-9 level. CEA level was significantly higher in the tumor >2 cm, not in the tumor < or =2 cm. CA 19-9 was a significant prognostic factor in both resectable and unresectable periampullary cancers, but CEA was significant only in the resectable group. Multivariate analysis revealed that independent prognostic factors included CA 19-9, resectability, primary tumor, and stage, and CA 19-9 was the most important one. CONCLUSION: CA 19-9 provided more important diagnostic and prognostic values than CEA in periampullary cancers and was the most important independent prognostic factor for periampullary cancers. This study recommends serum CA 19-9 as an adjunct in detecting periampullary cancers, in evaluating resectability, and in predicting prognosis.     

Significance of measurement of a carbohydrate antigenic determinant 19-9 (CA 19-9) for monitoring colorectal cancer patients

The significance of measurement of serum CA 19-9 levels and the correlation between the serum levels of CA 19-9 and CEA in 61 patients with colorectal cancer were investigated. CA 19-9 levels above 37 U/ml were found in 24.6 per cent, while CEA levels above 5 ng/ml were observed in 34.4 per cent. Elevation of one or both of two antigens was found in 44.3 per cent. In patients with elevated CA 19-9 levels, the CA 19-9 levels returned to normal after curative resections, whereas patients with normal levels of this antigen showed only slight or no differences after curative resections. Measurements of this antigen were useful for the evaluation of the effect of surgery, especially in patients with normal CEA levels and elevated CA 19-9 levels. Combination assays of these antigens may be more useful than CEA alone for monitoring colorectal cancer patients.