Towards an aesthetics of nursing

Towards an aesthetics of nursing This paper re-appraises the work of Barbara Carper on aesthetics and the art of nursing. It identifies serious flaws in Carper's original arguments and the way in which she and subsequent authors have conflated the concepts of art and aesthetics in nursing. The paper explores a broader approach to aesthetics and proposes a way in which a theoretical approach to nursing aesthetics could be developed. The paper concludes that nursing is a fit object of aesthetic appreciation and that aesthetic quality is a necessary attribute of good nursing practice.     

Research and the configuration of nursing services

• ? This paper is concerned with the way in which nursing research has influenced changes in the organization of nursing services, particularly the shift from so-called traditional nursing to new nursing. To this end published research and professional literature are selectively reviewed.
• ? The case is made to support the view that change in nursing has been driven forward by the evangelical zeal of opinion leaders rather than evidence.
• ? It is suggested that holistic care as embodied in new nursing is no longer affordable. Market pressures have precipitated a revisiting of the task basis of nursing. An effective anchor would have been a solid body of research evidence pointing up the value new nursing may have. Regrettably not enough research was done prior to the diffusion of new nursing. What was done was not always adequate, and what was adequate was not effectively deployed by nurse leaders.
• ? Nursing is the largest workforce in the NHS and has attracted a great deal of policy interest. It is suggested that it will become increasingly important for nursing to be more strategic, and develop its own professionally driven research agenda.
• ? The future of the nursing profession is uncertain. It is clear that evidence-based practice is centre stage, and there is a need for nursing to re-negotiate its professional boundaries and to develop intellectual partnerships in order to move the knowledge base of practice forward.

     

Putting policy into practice: pre- and posttests of implementing standardized languages for nursing documentation

Aims and objectives. To describe the change in documentation of the nursing process in all inpatient wards in a 900‐bed university hospital. Major research question was what are the differences between before and after implementation of documentation policy related to the steps of the nursing process? Background. Implementation of standardized languages has been shown to be difficult to accomplish in clinical practice. Patients are the source of data and their conditions, responses and well‐being should be reflected in the nursing record. As such, nursing documentation can create the premises for the development of new knowledge in nursing and the improvement of nursing performance and can provide data and information necessary for nursing researchers to evaluate the quality of interventions and participate in the formulation of healthcare policy. This study is part of longitudinal project to prepare nurses for electronic documentation within the interdisciplinary health record and to improve documentation of nursing using standardized languages. Design and method. A cross‐sectional study design was used: a pretest (n = 355 nursing records) for baseline status of nursing documentation, an intervention and a post‐test (n = 349 nursing records) to obtain data on nursing documentation. The year‐long intervention comprised planned work in groups, and educational and supporting efforts. Results. A statistically significant improvement was found in the use of Functional Health Patterns for documentation of nursing assessment, NANDA for nursing diagnoses and Nursing Interventions Classification for nursing interventions in documentation of daily nursing care for inpatients. Conclusion. At all organizational levels intervention aimed at putting policy regarding documentation into clinical practice considerably improved daily use of standardized nursing languages. Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses need to use standardized language to document patient care data in the electronic health record and to demonstrate contributions to nursing care.     

提升护理服务综合价值的研究

目的:研究护理综合价值的提升。方法:分析护理价值研究背景,阐述护理价值研究进展结果:提出护理价值研究途径。结论:有利于达成一种共识,使广大护理人员认识护理价值、研究护理价值、开发护理价值,重视护理综合价值研究和提升。 护理服务价值是护理服务劳动产品的价值和服务本身所创造的价值的总和,即使用价值与价值的统一。目前日本、美国、德国和中国都在加强护理价值研究的探索,但仍存在使用价值与价值研究分离问题。因此,我们应不断加强护理综合价值研究,以适应卫生事业改革对护理管理的挑战。本研究主要在分析国内外护理价值研究的基础上,提出综合护理价值研究途径,以达到合理评价护理价值的目的。     

基层医院整体护理的实施与对策

目的:总结实施整体护理的经验,提高护理质量。方法:全面综合分析实施整体护理的对策和措施。结果:经验:领导的高度重视和大力支持,是实现整体护理模式转变的坚实基础;提高人员整体素质,确保整体护理的有效开展;多做少写,以点带面,实行非模式病房开展整体护理工作;积极开展健康教育,巩固整体护理效果;实施整体护理质量管理的措施。体会:领导的重视和支持,是开展整体护理工作的根本保证;提高了社会公众对护理工作的认可程度和护士的社会地位;显示了护士的自身价值;改善了护患关系,提高了病人满意度,同时也密切了医护关系;护理队伍整体素质提高,敬业精神增强。结论:实施整体护理,促进了护理学科的发展。     

临床护理成本与效益分析

笔者根据临床护理服务价格偏离成本的事实,提出关注护理成本,改革现行的医疗护理服务收费制度和医疗费用结构比,提升护士的劳务价值,以期深入发展护理经济研究形成系统的护理成本核算体系,以低成本、高效益的优质护理服务来赢得市场。     

涉外护理英语教学现状与思考

分析目前涉外护理英语的教学现状和存在的问题,从招生制度、课程定位与课程内容、教材选择、师资队伍建设、英语和涉外护理工作语言环境、考评方式、学生管理方面探讨提高涉外护理英语教学质量和涉外护理人才培养的对策。     

我院专科护理门诊的实施与体会

目的探讨专科护理门诊的实施方法与体会。方法确定专科项目及服务内容、选拔护理门诊人员并明确工作职责、设置合理的诊室、制订相关制度,规范就诊流程,建立门诊护理日志,拓展服务功能。结果开设专科护理门诊以来,已接待门诊患者27000余人次,得到了患者、家属、医生及护士的认可。护理门诊就诊综合满意率为96．54％。结论开设专科护理门诊有利于提高护理专业地位,满足不同患者的健康需求,促进专科护士成长。     

我院护理差错分析及对策

为了加强对护理安全的管理,对6年中发生的33起护理差错及与护理管理有关的主要因素进行分析,认为差错主要发生在护士,其中合同护士发生率较高;与护理管理相关的主要因素有:规章制度不健全占27.3%;业务知识欠缺占36.3%;与临床教学有关、未严格执行查对制度各占18.2%。通过建立健全各项护理规章制度,加强岗前护理安全教育、护士的规范化培训、对临床教学以及对合同护士的管理等综合措施,有力地保证了护理安全。     

口腔门诊患者专科护理评估表的构建与应用

目的探讨口腔门诊患者专科护理评估表的构建与应用情况。方法应用Cordon的FHPS理论,结合口腔专科的临床护理特点设计口腔专科护理评估表,运用改良的Delphi法进行专家咨询,并采用Likert 5点计分法,确定口腔门诊专科护理评估的内容。结果专科护理评估表包括5个一级指标和10个二级指标。通过专家的评定认为,85%一级指标和90%二级指标为重要和很重要。通过临床应用,85%～90%的护士认为采用专科护理评估表能准确了解患者的护理问题;能促进护患沟通。结论口腔门诊患者专科护理评估表所涵盖的评估内容全面、实用,能预见性地发现患者存在的护理问题,及时采取相应措施,促进护患沟通,提高患者满意度。     

Towards an international theory of nursing

Abstract During the latter half of the 20th century, the development of numerous nursing theories has enriched nursing scholarship and education worldwide, a movement initially led by North American scholars. Recently, nurses outside of North America have begun to reformulate these theories in order to make them relevant in other contexts. This study summarizes those movements in developing an international theory of nursing and suggests future directions for such a theory.     

Perceptions and expectations of Baccalaureate-prepared nurses in Jordan: Community survey

The overall purpose of this paper is to describe the process of utilizing community participation for curriculum design to develop a new school of nursing. A brief Community Needs Assessment Survey was carried out in order to explore community perceptions and expectations of Baccalaureate-prepared nurses in Jordan. The sample consisted of 152 participants who were staff nurses, nurse administrators, nurse supervisors, nurse educators, physicians, pharmacists and consumers of services. Data were collected through a self-administered survey form using open-ended questions. Participants were asked to describe their perceptions of nursing and nurses, the desired professional skills and personal characteristics of the Baccalaureate-prepared nurse, important curriculum contents and to provide suggestions or comments for improving the preparation of Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) nurses. The findings indicated that nursing was viewed as a caring profession where nurses care for the person both in sickness and health. Several professional skills and personal characteristics emerged as being important for the BSN nurse, including clinical competence, the desire to continue learning, communication skills, ethical and moral character, critical thinking, assessment skills, and computer and English-language skills. The participants provided the desired curriculum contents and suggestions related to the expected skills. Implications for nursing education were discussed.     

适应时代发展要求 丰富护理服务内涵

做好护理服务,提高护理质量,丰富护理服务的内涵,是时代的要求。分析新形势下病人的需求,以做好基础服务、理想服务、感动服务为切入点,提出具体的做法和观点,探讨做好这些服务对丰富护理服务的内涵,提高护理质量的意义。     

基于掌上电脑实现护理计划的全程监控

目的探索智能护理计划的开发和护理计划全程监控的方法。方法在以患者为中心思想的指导下,应用软件开发等信息技术,设计基于医疗诊断和护理评估相对应的护理项目,为护理计划提供参考,借助掌上电脑(personal digital assistant,PDA)智能记录护理计划的全过程。结果基于PDA实现护理计划的全程监控,实现无纸化护理记录,缩短数据汇总时间,分类展示护理过程。结论 PDA不仅是扫码身份核对及患者体征采集的有效工具,而且可以全程无缝隙地监控护理过程。     

传承护理专业发展进程 开展“优质护理服务示范工程”

通过对近30年来护理专业发展进程的思考,剖析护理工作的内涵,从20世纪80年代初李士鸾引入责任制护理,到20世纪90年代中期推行整体护理,一直到今年开展"优质护理服务示范工程"。这一切变化充分体现了具有中国特色的护理专业发展的延续性,阐述了在医药卫生体制改革的形势下如何开展"优质护理服务示范工程"活动,促进整体护理进一步深化。     

护理结局分类在护理计划智能生成系统中的应用

文章重点介绍了在护理计划智能生成系统中嵌入护理结局分类,建立护理计划智能数据库以及护理诊断与护理结局链接的模型,按照护理程序逻辑关系,创建疾病与护理诊断,护理诊断与护理结局关联。     

对护理定义的再认识

为了使当前护理改革走出瓶颈状态,将整体护理的理念落到实处,运用研究分析和对比的方法,分析了国内引用的ANA关于护理的定义。提出该定义没有明确反映护理的独特内涵、没有完整体现我国护士的职责以及由此带来的护理改革中一系列问题。建议针对“护理是什么”,一方面采百家之长,多方位去认识和理解;另一方面,重新界定出符合我国护理实情,反映未来发展前景的护理定义。     

30种内外科常见病整体护理路径的研究和应用

目的 探索整体护理路径的应用,提高护士运用护理程序的能力.方法 设计30种内外科常见病的整体护理路径,选择4所三级甲等医院作为实验医院,培训80名责任护士,将设计好的整体护理路径在临床上应用,重点验证整体护理路径的结构、内容和使用效果等,并对整体护理路径进行修改和完善,以及评价整体护理路径.结果 完成了30种内外科常见病整体护理路径的设计和完善.分别有92%、95%和96%的护士认为整体护理路径对实施护理程序有帮助,能够发挥护士的能力,值得推广;44%的护士认为使用整体护理路径不能得心应手.结论 整体护理路径是一种较理想的护理工作模式,能够提高护士运用护理程序的能力,但仍需要加强对护士的培训,特别是要着力提高护士的评估能力.     

跨文化护理理论的应用现状

综述了跨文化护理理论在护理教育、护理研究、临床实践及护理管理4个方面的应用,为我国更好地应用和发展这一理论提供依据.