癌症患者家庭适应性与家庭坚韧力、社会支持的相关研究

目的调查癌症患者家庭的适应性现状,结合家庭韧性理论探讨癌症患者家庭适应性与家庭坚韧力、社会支持的相关性。方法采用一般资料调查表、家庭适应性量表、家庭坚韧力量表和社会支持评定量表对130例癌症患者家庭进行问卷调查。结果癌症患者家庭适应性得分为(49.55±5.93)分,低于国内常模(P0.05)。癌症患者家庭适应性与家庭坚韧力总分及各维度、社会支持总分及各维度均呈正相关。结论癌症患者家庭的适应水平较低,应加强对癌症患者家庭适应性的关注;提高其家庭坚韧力和社会支持水平,可促进家庭的积极适应。     

Family dynamics of families with mental health problems in Finland

This study forms part of the International Family Dynamics Project. Its purpose was describe the family functioning of families with mental health problems on the basis of Barnhill's framework for healthy family systems. The sample consisted of 160 families in which one family member had mental health problems. Both the patients and their relatives took part. The data were collected by questionnaires, i.e. The Family Dynamics Measure and The Family Dynamics Questionnaire. According to the results, mental health patients described family functioning as fairly poor, while relatives described it as fairly good. However, patients' and relatives' perceptions of family functioning did not differ significantly. There were some statistically significant differences between patients' and relatives' perceptions of different family dynamics dimensions. Relatives reported more mutuality (P= 0.006) and clearer communication (P= 0.009) than patients. Older mental health patients reported more isolation than patients under 30. Relatives who mentioned some serious illness in the family reported more role conflict than those who didnt. No differences were found by gender, family structure or education. The results indicated that the mental health problems of a single family member did not impair family dynamics. The study showed that the resources and functioning of families are fairly good in spite of the illness in the family.     

家庭干预对乳腺癌患者家庭亲密度及适应性的影响

目的探讨家庭干预对乳腺癌患者家庭关系的影响。方法将128例术后乳腺癌患者随机分为对照组和干预组,每组各64例,对照组给予常规护理措施,干预组在此基础上针对患者家庭及主要照顾者实施干预,包括针对患者主要照顾者进行的护理指导;与患者及家属进行座谈,进行心理疏导;出院后定期电话回访,给予生活和康复指导等。干预前后用家庭亲密度和适应性量表中文版(family adaptability and cohesion scale,FACESII-CV)分别对干预组和对照组进行测评。结果干预后,干预组在家庭实际亲密度及家庭实际适应性得分均高于干预前和对照组;家庭亲密度和适应性不满意程度得分均低于干预前和对照组(均P0.05)。结论家庭干预能有效地提高乳腺癌患者的家庭亲密度和适应性。     

家庭功能研究现状分析

从家庭功能概念的界定、分类、评估工具等方面阐述了家庭功能研究现状,为促进家庭功能的正常发挥提供理论依据和指导.     

A cross‐sectional descriptive study of the family functioning,health and social support of hospital patients with family violence backgrounds

Family violence (FV ) has serious effects on the health and well‐being of the family. The health sector plays a vital role in FV prevention by helping to identify abuse early, providing victims with the necessary treatment and referring patients to appropriate care. The aim of the present cross‐sectional study was to describe the prevalence of FV among hospital patients, as well as to assess the association between family functioning, health and social support, considering patients as the perpetrators or victims of violence. The data were collected using a Family Functioning, Health and Social Support (FAFHES ) questionnaire that was given to patients who visited a Finnish central hospital between October 2012 and April 2013. As a result, the data (N = 188) were contributed by the patients who returned the questionnaire and gave permission for a follow‐up survey. The participation rate was 47%, of which 73% were women and 27% were men. Their ages ranged from 18 to 89 years. The data were analysed with quantitative methods using the unadjusted analyses and linear regression model. In total, 24% of both the male and female participants had experienced or used violence at home or in the family. Of these, 22 had been the perpetrators, and 23 had been the victims. Participants in relationships and who were living together had less violence than singles and those who were not living together. The family functioning and health of the participants who had experienced or used FV were worse than those of the participants who had not. Various patients can have an FV background, and nursing professionals are on the front line to identify and intervene in FV situations. The results of this study can be utilised in the treatment of FV victims and perpetrators by training healthcare workers to identify and intervene in violence.     

Adolescent drug abuse: helping families survive

Drug use and abuse carries risk in people of all ages. However, adolescents are particularly vulnerable to substance misuse. Adolescent drug use continues to be an area of concern with a number of adolescents developing problems associated with the use of various drugs. Negative sequelae associated with adolescent drug use include areas such as schooling, health, and family relationships. Difficulties with the legal system, schooling, or within the family are commonly the triggers for recognition of substance misuse problems in a young person. However, problems are usually well-established before they are recognized. The challenge of dealing with these problems will fall on families, particularly parents. This is a crisis for families, and ongoing support is needed if they are to overcome the challenges. Health workers (including nurses) are well-positioned to support families who are dealing with adolescent drug problems. In this paper we propose the adoption of a strengths approach as a strategy for developing resilience in families.     

Therapeutic use of parental stories to enhance Mexican American family socialization: family transition to the community school system

An ethnographic study was carried out in Hidalgo County, Texas, among 23 Mexican American families to field-test a methodology of using parental stories to enhance family socialization when a firstborn child enters the community school system. Thirteen of the 23 families shared their parental concerns about the child beginning school in audio-taped interviews in 1998. In 1999, the investigator assessed the parental concerns of the remaining 10 families who were about to have their children enter the school system. The investigator elicited parental stories of how the 13 experienced families managed their parental concerns during 1998, transcribed 65 parental stories verbatim, and shared the parental stories that addressed the specific concerns of each of the 10 inexperienced families. The assessment showed the stories addressed concerns that were similar, the inexperienced parents acquired new ways of managing their parental concerns, and their overall concern was lessened as a result of listening to the stories.     

Video home training as a method of supporting family life control

? The purpose of this study was to describe video home training as a method of early support in problems of family life control. ? Answers were sought to the following questions: how does a family counsellor use video home training to support families' own resources and family life control, and what are the uses and benefits of video home training from parents' perspective? ? The data consisted of the videotaped counselling sessions and family service plans for five families, and were analysed using the general method of analysing photographs and video material developed by anthropologist‐photographers. ? Video home training as a method in supporting family life control consisted of goal‐orientated reflection by parents on videotaped episodes of their everyday family life under the guidance of a family counsellor. The process of videotaping family life, in‐depth analysis of the videotapes, recognition of instances of successful interaction, and search for new alternatives gave participants a feeling that it would be possible for them to make their everyday life fluent and functional. ? The findings show that video home training helped the families to gain better control over their family life.     

Schizophrenia: orthodoxy and heresies. A review of alternative possibilities

Conflicts about the nature, causes and treatment of schizophrenia have never ceased. Recently, however, a particular set of beliefs ('the Orthodoxy') has become influential, and dominates political and managerial agenda for controlling clinical practice and educational initiatives. Theories and therapeutic strategies that differ from the particular biological, behavioural, cognitive and family management approaches favoured by orthodox clinicians have been given far less academic and clinical air-space. This review surveys some alternative ideas and practices ('the Heresies') and critically refers to some of the orthodox tenets such as the genetic and biological bases of schizophrenia, the disease model, 'family blaming' and drug treatment. Heresies briefly explored include schizophrenia as an evolutionary inevitability, creative sublimation of schizotypal tendencies and systems-theory-based family therapies.     

A holistic intervention programme for families with a child with a disability

BACKGROUND: The birth of a child with a disability may cause serious stress for the parents and affect each member of the family. Parents need support to deal with such a situation; however, health care professionals themselves are not always well equipped to help them and often adopt an attitude of withdrawal. AIM: The aim of this paper is to describe a family intervention programme developed in collaboration with families who were adapting to the birth of a child with a disability. DISCUSSION: The primary purpose of the programme is to help family members adapt to the situation in which they suddenly find themselves, primarily by reducing stress. The family's autonomy and competencies in providing care for the child are promoted and called into action. The programme encompasses different aspects of family relations: the individual, marital, parental, family, extended family and non-family sub-systems. Its theoretical foundations, clinical experience with families of a child with a health problem, and our previous research have enabled a remodelled vision of the way individuals and families adapt to such a situation. CONCLUSION: The symbioses of the design of the programme, training in its application, and intervention itself have transformed families of a child with a disability as well as the nurses themselves. The key element of this transformation has been the mutual recognition of relevant skills and authority by families and health care professionals that has led to new competencies, self-determination and an individuality that may change their lives.