胃癌组织中核因子-kB和环氧合酶-2的表达及其临床意义

背景：有关核因子（NF）一KB和环氧合酶（COX）一2在肿瘤组织中表达的研究虽然较多．但其临床意义和相互关系尚无定论。目的：研究NF-kB和COX-2在胃癌组织中的表达及其关系。方法：采用免疫组化SP法检测142例胃癌组织中NF-kB和COX-2蛋白的表达，以相应的癌旁正常组织（30例）作对照。结果：NF-kB在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率为62．0％，显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；NF-kB的表达与组织学类型、淋巴结转移和远处转移的临床指标呈显著相关（P〈0．05）。COX-2在胃癌组织中的阳性率为64．1％，在对照组中无表达，两者比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01），且在淋巴结转移组阳性率显著高于无转移组（P〈0．01）。胃癌组织中NF-kB和COX-2的表达呈显著正相关（r=0．380，P〈0．01）。结论：NF-kB和COX-2在胃癌的发生、发展中起重要作用，NF-kB可能促进了COX-2的表达。     

肝细胞癌变过程中核转录因子-кB表达的基础与临床研究

目的 观察肝细胞癌(HCC)形成过程中核转录因子-кB(NF-кB)动态改变及临床价值.方法 雄性SD大鼠以2-乙酰氨基芴(2-FAA)制备肝癌模型,经病理组织学分析肝细胞形态学变化,定量观察NF-кB动态变化.并以自身配对法收集经手术切除后的肝癌及其痛周组织,定量分析肝癌组织中NF-кB表达及病理学特征.结果 诱癌后肝细胞发生颗粒样变性、不典型增生、到高分化肝细胞癌形成;在此过程中,NF-кB表达呈梯度增加.NF-кB阳性表达呈棕黄色颗粒状染色,癌组织NF-кB点灶状表达,定位于胞浆和细胞核;癌周组织NF-кB主要定位于胞浆,未见细胞核阳性.人肝癌组NF-кB明显高于癌周组织(P<0.01),癌组织NF-кB表达阳性率为100%,癌周组织为68.6%(x2=13.1,P<0.01).其表达与分化程度、肿瘤数目和肿瘤直径无关.结论 NF-кB表达参与肝癌的发生、发展,活性抑制可能是肝癌基因治疗的新靶点.     

肝细胞癌变过程中IGF-Ⅱ动态表达及临床病理学特征分析

目的观察肝细胞癌变过程中胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ（IGF-Ⅱ）的动态改变及临床病理学特征。方法以2-乙酰氨基芴（2-FAA）喂饲雄性SD鼠诱发肝癌发生，分别观察肝细胞形态学、肝及血IGF-Ⅱ的动态变化。以免疫组织化学法观察鼠肝，人肝癌组织中IGF-Ⅱ表达，并以生物素标记的探针检测肝癌组织中HBV-DNA，分析IGF-Ⅱ表达与HBV复制及其临床病理学特征。结果诱癌过程中肝细胞出现颗粒样变性、不典型增生到HCC的形成过程中IGF-Ⅱ呈梯度表达，表现为癌组明显高于对照组和变性组（P〈0．01）．癌变过程中IGF-Ⅱ呈阳性表达和胞内分布，肝和血IGF-Ⅱ呈显著正相关．人肝癌组织中IGF-Ⅱ高表达，明显高于非癌组（P〈0．01），与肿瘤分化程度显著相关（P〈0．05），与肿瘤数目无关；HBV-DNA阳性肝癌组织中IGF-Ⅱ表达显著高于HBV-DNA阴性组。结论IGF-Ⅱ参与肝细胞的癌变过程，其过度表达可作为早期诊断及预后判断的标志。     

乙型肝炎病毒复制上调肝癌组织TGF-β1和IGF-Ⅱ的表达

目的分析肝癌组织HBV复制与转化生长因子（TGF）-β1和胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）-Ⅱ表达的关系。方法以自身对照法收集人肝细胞癌（HCC）组织及癌旁组织，以生物素标记的HBV—DNA探针检测肝癌组织中HBV—DNA，采用免疫组织化学方法检测组织中TGF-β1和IGF-Ⅱ的表达，分析TGF-β1和IGF-Ⅱ表达与HBV复制的临床病理学关系。结果肝癌组织中TGF-β1和IGF-Ⅱ均呈较高表达，其阳性率均为83．3％，肝癌组明显高于癌旁组（P〈0．01）。癌灶组TGF-β1和IGF-Ⅱ阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度显著相关（P〈0．05）；而与肿瘤直径、数目无关（P〉0．05）；TGF-β1和IGF-Ⅱ表达与HBV复制显著相关，且HBV—DNA阳性组显著高于HBV—DNA阴性组。结论肝癌组织中TG-β1和IGF—II过度表达，且与HBV复制和肝癌的分化程度有关。     

PTEN和磷酸化Smad2在原发性肝癌中的表达

目的探讨肝癌等组织中10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源物（PTEN）和磷酸化Smad2（P-Smad2）表达的意义。方法采用免疫组织化学技术检测肝癌组织、癌旁肝组织和非癌性肝组织中P-Smad2和PTEN的表达。结果31份肝癌组织中PTEN表达以细胞质和细胞膜明显,细胞核基本不表达；25份癌旁及13份非癌性肝组织中则以细胞核和细胞质强表达,细胞膜弱表达。PTEN在肝癌组织的表达率（64．5％）低于癌旁肝组织（96．0％）和非癌性肝组织（100．0％）,表达强度（4．19±3．31）低于癌旁肝组织（7．88±0．93）和非癌性肝组织（7．77±0．93）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。不同病理分级的肝癌组织中PTEN的表达率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,≥Ⅱ级的肝癌组织细胞质表达强度（3．07±2．87）低于＜Ⅱ级（5．80±3．12）的肝癌组织（P＜0．05）。癌旁有、无肝内血管癌栓的肝癌组织中,PTEN表达率分别为45．5％和85．7％,表达强度分别为3．00±3．46和6．28±2．37,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。PTEN在肝细胞的表达定位与病理类型呈负相关（r=0．34,P＜0．01）,与肝内血管癌栓呈负相关（r=-0．43,P＜0．05）。非癌性肝组织、癌旁肝组织和病理分级＜Ⅱ级的肝癌组织中,P-Smad2表达以细胞核和细胞质明显,≥Ⅱ级的肝癌组织中则以细胞核为主。P-Smad2在肝细胞的表达定位与病理类型呈正相关（r=0．22,P＜0．05）,P-Smad2在细胞核的表达强度。肝癌组织与癌旁肝组织的差异无统计学意义,也与肝内血管有无癌栓无关。肝癌组织中PTEN和P-Smad2表达呈负相关（r=-0．73,P＜0．01）。结论PTEN的表达、强度以及和P-Smad2的核、质转位可能与肿瘤的发展和恶化有关,二者可能存在相互作用,共同参与肝癌的发生机制。     

抑癌基因在肝细胞肝癌中的表达及临床意义

应用免疫组化SP法检测35例肝细胞肝癌（HCC）患者癌组织及癌旁组织中抑癌基因PTEN蛋白的表达水平。结果显示，HCC组织中PTEN蛋白阳性率和阳性强度均明显低于癌旁组织（P〈0．01）；PTEN蛋白表达与HCC的分化程度密切相关（P〈0．05）．与癌栓形成有关（P〈0．01）。提示PTEN异常表达在HCC发生、发展过程中可能起重要作用．其表达水平可作为反映HCC进展和预后的生物学指标。     

P27和skp2在肝细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的探讨肝细胞癌P27和skp2蛋白的表达情况与临床病理意义。方法用免疫组化二步法检测P27和skp2在60例肝细胞癌及20例癌旁组织中的表达。结果60例肝细胞癌P27的阳性表达率为23％（14／60）,癌旁组织为80％（16／20）,60例肝细胞癌高分化癌阳性表达率为47％（7／15）,低分化癌为16％（7／45）。P27在肝细胞癌中的表达明显低于癌旁组织,P27蛋白的表达随病理分级增高而降低。60例肝细胞癌skp2阳性表达率为47％（28／60）,癌旁组织为15％（3／20）,60例肝细胞癌高分化癌阳性表达率13％（2／15）,低分化癌为58％（26／45）,可见skp2在肝细胞癌中表达明显高于癌旁组织（P〈0．05）,低分化癌明显高于高分化癌（P〈0．01）。结论P27和skp2蛋白的表达情况与肝细胞癌的发生发展及恶性度有关。     

LZTS1蛋白在肝组织及HepG2细胞中的表达

目的探讨LZTS1蛋白在正常肝、肝细胞癌组织及癌旁慢性肝纤维化、肝硬化组织中的表达,以及在人肝癌细胞系HepG2中的表达。方法选择我院正常人肝组织、原发性肝细胞癌和癌旁慢性肝纤维化、肝硬化组织标本共50例,采用免疫组化方法检测不同肝组织样本中LZTS1蛋白,光镜下观察LZTSI阳性细胞表达定位和分布,按表达面积和表达强度半定量计分。同时培养HepG2人肝癌细胞系,免疫印迹和细胞免疫组化方法检测HepG2细胞中内源性LZTS1的表达,并以正常肝细胞L02为对照。SPSS统计分析各组间的表达差异。结果LZTSI蛋白在正常胆管上皮胞浆中表达。肝细胞包膜和胞浆中均表达,且阳性细胞呈规律性分布。LZTS1蛋白在肝细胞癌组织中14／20例（70％）表达强阳性,5／20例（25％）中等表达;癌旁肝硬化结节中10／17例（58．8％）强阳性表达,6／17（35．3％）例中等阳性表达;慢性肝纤维化组织中1／3（33．3％）例弱阳性,2／3例（66．7％）中等阳性。20例HCC组织中有17例为HBV—HCC,其中13例（76．5％）LZTSI蛋白呈强阳性表达。结论LZTS1蛋白主要表达于正常胆管上皮和肝细胞胞浆,且在肝腺泡中呈规律性分布。在肝癌、肝硬化组织和HepG2细胞中表达增高。     

雌激素受体α和β及孕激素受体在胃癌中的表达及意义

运用Picture^TM-PV6000免疫组化技术检测48例胃癌及癌旁组织中雌激素受体α（ERα）和β（ERβ）、孕激素受体（PR）的表达。结果发现ERα和PR阳性染色只在细胞核内，在癌组织中表达阳性率分别为33．3％和29．2％。而癌旁组织均无表达，P〈0．001，ERβ主要表达在细胞核内。在癌组织和癌旁组织表达阳性率分别为70．8％和72．9％，P〈0．05。PR表达与ERα有高度相关性（P〈0．01）。而与ERβ无相关性。ERα和ERβ、PR三者共同表达阳性率18．75％，明显高于ERα、PR共表达（2．08％）或ERβ、PR共表达（6．25％），P〈0．01。Borrmann分型Ⅲ＋Ⅳ型（浸润型癌）者ERα阳性率（42．4％）显著高于BorrmannⅠ＋Ⅱ型（局限型癌）者（13．3％）。P〈0．05；有淋巴和远处转移者阳性率显著高于无转移者（P〈0．05）IERα和孕激素受体在印戒细胞癌、黏液腺癌、低分化腺癌等分化低的胃癌中表达较高，在中、高分化胃癌中表达较低。但无显著差异，与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、部位和浸润深度无明显相关性。认为ERα、ERβ及PR在胃癌中均有表达，ERβ占优势IERα在胃癌中表达高于癌旁组织。并与胃癌Borrmann分型、淋巴和远处转移相关。ERα、ERβ及PR阳性胃癌是性激素依赖性肿瘤，可行内分泌治疗，并应针对ERα和ERβ的不同表达选择药物。     

肝癌组织中HIF-1α的表达与HIF-1α mRNA的扩增分析

目的分析肝癌组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）及其基因的表达。方法以自身配对法分别收集经手术切除患者的肝癌及癌周组织各35份,以免疫组化法检测肝癌及癌周组织HIF-1α的表达,从癌组织中制备总RNA、逆转录合成cDNA,以巢式PCR扩增HIF-1α基因片段和DNA测序分析,以探讨HIF-1α及其基因表达的病理特征。结果肝癌及癌周组织中HIF-1α阳性表达呈棕黄色颗粒状,主要定位于胞浆中,部分位于胞核;癌周组织表达较强,中央静脉周闹表达明显;癌周组织HIF-1α表达阳性率明显高于肝癌组织（P〈0.01）;癌周组织中总RNA浓度明显高于肝癌组织（P〈0.01）;肝癌和癌周组织HIF-1α基因阳性率分别为54.3％和74.3％（P〉0.05）;癌组织HIF-1α表达率与肿瘤大小相关,与肿瘤数目和HBsAg阳性间未见明显相关。结论肝癌的发生、发展与肝组织HIF-1α过表达密切相关。     

肝细胞癌变过程中核因子-κB及其基因的动态表达与定量分析

目的 观察肝癌形成过程中核因子-κB(NF-κB)及NF-κB mRNA动态表达与作用机制.方法 雄性SD大鼠以2-乙酰氨基芴制备肝癌模型,经病理组织学分析肝细胞形态学变化,定量观察NF-κB动态变化,以巢式PCR分析NF-κB mRNA的表达.并以自身配对法收集经手术切除后的肝癌及其癌周组织,定量分析肝癌组织中NF-κB表达及病理学特征. 结果诱癌后在肝细胞呈颗粒样变性,不典型增生,肝细胞癌形成,NF-κB及基因表达呈梯度增加.NF-κB阳性表达呈棕黄色颗粒状染色,癌组织NF-κB点灶状表达,定位于胞质和细胞核,癌周组织NF-κB主要定位于胞质,未见细胞核阳性.癌变过程中NF-κB mRNA表达明显增强.人肝癌组织NF-κB(69.3±40.2)pg/mg,明显高于癌周组织(21.0±17.2)pg/mg(t=6.54,P＜0.01).癌组织NF-κB表达阳性率为100%,癌周组织为68.6%(X2=13.05,P＜0.01).其表达与肿瘤分化程度,肿瘤数目和肿瘤直径无关. 结论 NF-κB异常表达与肝癌的发生发展有关,表达抑制有助于肝痛治疗.     

肝癌组织IFITM3蛋白表达水平及其与肝细胞癌患者手术切除术后肝内肿瘤复发的相关性分析*

目的 探讨肝细胞癌（HCC）组织干扰素诱导跨膜蛋白 3（IFITM3）表达水平及其临床意义。方法 在我院接受根治性手术切除治疗的43例HCC患者,术中取癌组织和癌旁肝组织,分别采用Western blot法和免疫组化法检测组织IFITM3蛋白表达情况,比较肝内肿瘤复发与未复发患者癌组织IFITM3表达的差异。结果 经Western blot法检测肝癌组织IFITM3表达水平为（1.2386±0.1901）,显著高于癌旁组织的（0.9496±0.0995,t=8.832,P=0.000）;免疫组化法检测显示肝癌组织IFITM3蛋白阳性率为72.1%（31/43）,明显高于癌旁组织的14.0%（6/43,x²=29.647,P=0.000）;中分化肝癌组织IFITM3蛋白阳性率为90.9%（10/11）,低分化肝癌组织为95.2%（20/21）,均明显高于高分化组的9.1%（1/11）（x²=14.727, P=0.000;x²=23.748,P=0.000）;术后复发组癌组织IFITM3蛋白阳性率为81.0%（17/21）,未复发组为22.7%（5/22）,两者比较差异具有统计学意义（x²=14.578,P=0.000）。结论 HCC组织IFITM3蛋白呈高表达,且肝癌分化越差,IFITM3表达也越强,并可能与术后肿瘤复发有关。     

IGF-Ⅱ异常活化及Bcl-2过表达与肝细胞恶性转化关系的研究

目的观察胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ（IGF-Ⅱ）及B细胞淋巴瘤因子-2（Bcl-2）在肝细胞癌变过程中的动态表达及变化特点。方法以2-乙酰氨基芴（2-FAA）喂饲雄性SD鼠诱发肝癌发生,分析肝细胞病理形态学改变,以免疫组织化学法观察鼠肝细胞IGF-Ⅱ和Bcl-2的表达与定位,并定量分析肝IGF-Ⅱ和Bcl-2蛋白水平变化。结果诱癌过程中肝细胞出现颗粒样变性、不典型增生到HCC的形成过程中IGF-Ⅱ呈梯度表达,表现为癌变组明显高于对照组和变性组（P〈0.01）,癌变过程中IGF-Ⅱ和Bcl-2呈阳性表达和胞内分布,肝IGF-Ⅱ与Bcl-2呈显著正相关,癌变组明显高于变性组和正常对照组（P〈0.01）。结论IGF-Ⅱ异常活化和Bcl-2过表达均参与肝细胞的癌变过程,对它们的分析有助于肝癌的早期诊断和肝癌发展的监测。     

肝细胞癌组织中PTEN蛋白表达

探讨抑癌基因PTEN在肝细胞癌 (HCC)组织及癌旁组织的表达、临床意义。采用免疫组织化学SP法检测PTEN。 4例正常肝组织均呈PTEN蛋白阳性 ;HCC及其癌旁肝组织中的阳性率分别为 5 8 8%(2 0 / 34)和 10 0 %(34/ 34) ,两者比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。中分化癌阳性率为 77 8%(14 / 18) ,低分化阳性率为 2 5 %(3/ 12 ) ,两者比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。PTEN蛋白表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、有无包膜及门脉癌栓均无明显关系 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但与HCC分化程度明显相关 ,HCC分化愈差 ,PTEN蛋白表达愈弱。PTEN蛋白表达与HCC分化程度明显相关。     

磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3的表达特征及其在肝癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 研究磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3(GPC-3)的表达特征及其在肝癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的临床价值.方法 制作鼠肝癌模型,并按病理组织检查结果分为正常组、肝细胞变性组(变性组)、癌前病变组(癌前组)和肝细胞癌组(癌变组).以Western blot和逆转录-聚合酶链反应分别观察GPC-3蛋白质及mRNA的动态表达;以自身配对法收集术后肝癌组织,根据其组织学类型分为肝癌组、癌旁组、远癌组,以免疫组织化学法分析GPC-3表达与病理学特征的关系;以酶联免疫吸附法定量分析肝病患者外周血GPC-3表达水平,并评价其诊断效率.多个样本均数比较用单因素方差分析,组间GPC-3的表达及病理学特征比较用单因素秩和检验,血清GPC-3比较用秩和检验,率的比较采用x2检验或Fisher's exact分析,以受试者工作特征曲线下面积比较GPC-3诊断肝癌的敏感性、特异性及诊断效率.结果 在鼠肝癌形成过程中,正常、变性、癌前和癌变组GPC-3阳性率分别为0(0/6)、83.3%(15/18)、100.0%(9/9)和100.0%(9/9).人肝癌组织GPC-3阳性呈棕黄色颗粒状染色,定位于胞质和细胞膜,肝癌、癌旁和远癌组的阳性率分别为80.6%、41.7%和0,肝癌组明显高于远癌组(x2=48.56,P＜0.01)和癌旁组(x2=11.455,P＜0.01);癌旁组明显高于远癌组(x2=18.94,P＜0.01).GPC-3表达与肿瘤分化程度和数目间未见明显相关,与瘤体大小有关(Z=2.941,P＜0.01).肝病患者血清GPC-3异常主要见于肝癌(52.8%,65/123),且在不同性别、年龄、甲胎蛋白水平、肿瘤数目、Child分级和肝外转移者间未见明显差异;但肝癌＜3.0cm组明显高于≥3.0cm组(x 2=6.318,P＜0.05); HBsAg阳性组明显高于阴性组(x 2=23.362,P＜0.01).GPC-3与甲胎蛋白(＞20 μg/L)联合诊断肝癌的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为87.00%、79.66%、82.17%、69.03%和92.16%.结论 GPC-3表达与肝癌密切相关,其表达的检测有助于肝癌早期诊断和鉴别诊断.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the expression features of glypican-3 (GPC-3)and its diagnostic and differential values in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Rat hepatoma models were made and the dynamic expression features of GPC-3 protein and its gene were investigated by Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively. Liver specimens from 36 HCC patients were collected by self-control method and the expression and clinicopathological features of GPC-3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Serum GPC-3 levels were quantitatively detected by ELISA and its efficiency for HCC diagnosis was evaluated in patients with liver diseases. Results The incidence of GPC-3 was 0% in control, 83.3% in degeneration, 100% in precanceration and 100% in canceration during dynamic formation of rat hepatoma, respectively. The positive GPC-3 was brown granule-like staining localized in membrane and cytoplasm in human HCC.The GPC-3 positive rates were 80.6% in HCC, 41.7% in surrounding tissues and none in distal tissues (P＜0.01), respectively. No positive relationship presented between GPC-3 and differentiation grade or the number of minor except of rumor size (Z=2.941, P＜0.01). The incidence of serum GPC-3 was 52.8% in HCC patients except of one patient with cirrhosis. No significant differences were found between GPC-3 and sex, age, AFP, mm or number, Child classification or extrahepatic metastasis except of rumor size (x2 = 6.318, P＜0.05) and HBV infection (x2 = 23.362,P＜0.01). Combined detection of GPC-3 and AFP could rise up diagnosis of HCC. Conclusions GPC-3 expression closely associated with HCC and might be useful for early diagnosis of HCC.     

Expression of transforming growth factor-alpha and hepatitis B surface antigen in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and its significance

AIM:To evaluate the expression of transforming growthfactor-alpha (TGF-α) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and its significance.METHODS:Seventy specimens of HCC tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method. Five specimens of normal human liver tissues were used as control.RESULTS: The TGF-o~ positive expression rates in HCC and its surrounding tissues were 74.3%(52/70) and 88.1%(52/59), respectively. TGF-α positive granules were mainly in the cytoplasm and fewer existed on the karyotheca. The TGF-α positive expressing rate in well differentiated HCC was significantly higher than that in moderately and poorly differentiated HCC (P&lt;0.05).The TGF-α positive expression also was observed in intrahepatic bile ducts (part of those were hyperplastic ducts).The HBsAg positive expression rates in HCC and its surrounding tissues were 21.4%(15/70) and 79.7%(47/59), respectively.HBsAg positive granules were in the cytoplasm, inclusion and on the karyotheca.There was a prominent positive correlation between TGF-α and HBsAg expression in HCC surrounding tissues (P&lt;0.05,γ=0.34). TGF-α was usually existed with HBsAg in regenerated and/or dysplastic liver cells.In the five normal liver tissues, TGF-α and HBsAg were not detectable in hepatocytes and bile ducts.CONCLUSION:Hepatitis B virus infection is dosely related with hepatocarcinogenesis.The overexpression of TGF-α in the liver seems to be associated with the regeneration of hepatocytes injured by HBsAg.The continued expression of TGF-α might lead to dysplasia of liver cells and development of HCC. Furthermore, TGF-α might play a role in morphogenesis and regeneration of intrahepatic bile ducts.     

Expression of transforming growth factor-α and hepatitis B surface antigen in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and its significance

AIM: To evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and its significance. METHODS: Seventy specimens of HCC tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method. Five specimens of normal human liver tissues were used as control. RESULTS: The TGF-α positive expression rates in HCC and its surrounding tissues were 74.3%(52/70) and 88. t%(52/59), respectively. TGF-α positive granules were mainly in the cytoplasm and fewer existed on the karyotheca. The TGF-α positive expressing rate in well differentiated HCC was significantly higher than that in moderately and poorly differentiated HCC (P＜0.05). The TGF-α positive expression also was observed in intrahepatic bile ducts (part of those were hyperplastic ducts). The HBsAg positive expression rates in HCC and its surrounding tissues were 21.4%(15/70) and 79.7%(47/59), respectively. HBsAg positive granules were in the cytoplasm, inclusion and on the karyotheca. There was a prominent positive correlation between TGF-α and HBsAg expression in HCC surrounding tissues (P＜0.05, γ=0.34). TGF-α was usually existed with HBsAg in regenerated and/or dysplastic liver cells. In the five normal liver tissues, TGF-α and HBsAg were not detectable in hepatocytes and bile ducts.CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B virus infection is closely related with hepatocarcinogenesis. The overexpression of TGF-α in the liver seems to be associated with the regeneration of hepatocytes injured by HBsAg. The continued expression of TGF-α might lead to dysplasia of liver cells and development of HCC. Furthermore, TGF-α might play a role in morphogenesis and regeneration of intrahepatic bile ducts.     

Expression of PTEN, PPM1A and P-Smad2 in hepatocellular carcinomas and adjacent liver tissues

AIM: To investigate the expressions of PTEN, PPM1A and P-Smad2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their significance. METHODS: The expressions of PTEN, PPM1A and P-Smad2 in 31 HCC tissues, 25 adjacent liver tissues and 13 non-tumor liver tissues were detected by using Envision immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The positive expression (64.52%) and staining intensity (4.19 ± 3.31) of PTEN in the cytoplasm of HCC were significantly lower and weaker than those in the adjacent or non-tumor liver tissues (97.37%, 7.88 ± 0.93; 100%, 7.77 ± 0.93, respectively) (P < 0.05), and its staining intensity in the cytoplasm of HCC, which belongs to Edmondson pathologic grades Ⅱ-Ⅲ and above, was also lower than that of gradeⅠandⅠ-Ⅱ. Furthermore, its location in the nucleus or cytoplasm of liver cells was negatively correlated with the progression of liver disease (r = -0.339, P = 0.002); most of PPM1A might be only expressed in the nucleus of adjacent liver tissues, non-HCC tissues or Edmondson gradeⅠandⅠ-Ⅱ HCC, but it was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of HCC with Edmondson grade ≥Ⅱ, weakly or negatively expressed in the nucleus (P < 0.05), and its location was negatively correlated with the progression of liver disease (r = -0.45, P = 0.0000). P-Smad2, which was mostly located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of gradeⅠ andⅠ-Ⅱ HCC, surrounding or non-tumor liver tissues, was only in the nucleus of HCC with Edmondson grade Ⅱ and above (P < 0.001), and its location was positively correlated with the disease progression (r = 0.224, P = 0.016). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that P-Smad2 was significantly negatively correlated with PTEN and PPM1A (r = -0.748, P = 0.000; r = -0.366, P = 0.001, respectively); and PTEN and PPM1A were positively correlated with HCC carcinogenesis (r = 0.428, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: The aberrant location of expression and staining intensity of PTEN, PPM1A and P-Smad2 in HCC and their relationship might have an impact on the pathogenesis of HCC.     

肝细胞癌组织中Cat S的表达及意义

目的探讨组织蛋白酶S（CatS）在肝细胞癌（HCC）中的表达以及与肝癌侵袭转移的关系。方法用免疫组织化学法检测63例HCC组织、癌旁组织和11例正常肝组织中组织蛋白酶S（Cats）的表达。采用免疫荧光染色法观察CatS与CD31在HCC组织中的定位。结果HCC组织中CatS的阳性率为53．97％,显著高于癌旁组织的30．16％（P〈0．05）;正常肝组织中未见表达。CatS的表达与门静脉浸润、肝外转移以及肿瘤分化程度有关（P〈0．05）。CatS与CD31共同定位于内皮细胞（EC）。CatS在CD31阴性的肿瘤细胞中也有少量表达。结论CatS在肝癌发生、发展过程中起重要作用,有可能成为预测HCC侵袭转移的新指标。