Genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 1A1 and 2E1 genes, smoking, drinking and prostate cancer susceptibility: A case-control study in a Han nationality population in Southern China

AIM: To investigate the association among the polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 1A1 and 2E1 genes, smoking, drinking and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in a Han nationality population in Southern China. METHODS: A case-control study including 225 PCa patients and 250 age-matched controls was conducted. The six polymorphic sites of the CYP 1A1 and CYP2E1 genes were analysed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) or allele-specific PCR technique using genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes. RESULTS: We found that the CYP1A1 Val/Val genotype significantly increased the risk for PCa (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.09-4.68). In contrast, the CYP2E1 C1/C2 (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46-0.99) or C2/C2 genotype (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10-1.00) significantly decreased the risk. Furthermore, the individuals carrying the CYP1A1 Val allele and the CYP2E1 C1/C1 genotype showed the highest risk (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.45-4.29). Though there was no significant difference with smoking history (P = 0.237) or drinking habit (P = 0.499) between cases and controls, a deep smoking habit (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.28-3.17) and heavy smoking history (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.04-2.50) significantly increased the susceptibility of PCa after stratification by smoking method and accumulative smoking amount. Moreover, both the CYP1A1 Val allele (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.49-5.35) and CYP2E1 C1/C1 genotype (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.31-5.02) had obvious interaction with heavy smoking history that significantly raised the risk. We also discovered a significant interaction between the CYP2E1 C1/C1 genotype and drinking (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.04-3.28). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals carrying the CYP1A1 Val allele or the CYP2E1 C1/C1 genotype with a smoking or drinking habit were at increased risk of PCa, which also showed a positive correlation with exposure dose of tobacco.     

南京地区人群CYP2E1基因多态性及吸烟、饮酒与前列腺癌易感性

目的:探讨Ⅰ相代谢酶细胞色素P450 2E1(CYP2E1)基因RsaⅠ和PstⅠ位点多态性及吸烟、饮酒习惯与前列腺癌(PCa)发病风险的关系,并探讨基因与生活习惯在PCa发病中的联合作用。方法:采用PCR-RFLP技术检测109例原发性PCa患者及202例年龄匹配的男性非肿瘤患者外周血CYP2E1基因RsaⅠ和PstⅠ多态位点的基因型。结果:深吸烟(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.28～4.09)、重度吸烟史(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.02～3.22)等生活习惯为PCa易感因素。CYP2E1 C1/C1基因型与PCa易感性有显著相关(OR=1.71,95%CI:1.04～2.82),且与饮酒的联合作用明显与PCa易感性相关(OR=2.21,95%CI:1.06～4.59)。重度吸烟人群中,携带CYP2E1易感基因型(C1/C1)与不吸烟且携带非易感基因型(C1/C2或C2/C2)个体相比PCa的发病风险显著增高(OR=2.80,95%CI:1.20～6.56)。结论:携带CYP2E1易感基因型(C1/C1)并有烟酒嗜好者PCa的发病风险显著增高,且与烟草的暴露呈显著剂量反应关系。     

Association of V89L SRD5A2 polymorphism with prostate cancer development in a Japanese population

PURPOSE: The SRD5A2 gene codes the steroid 5-reductase type II, a critical mediator of androgen action, and the V89L and A49T polymorphisms of this gene may be associated with a distinct enzyme activity. We explored the association among these polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a Japanese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 302 patients with prostate cancer, 228 with BPH and 243 male controls. V89L and A49T polymorphisms were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Genotypes were evaluated by electrophoresis on agarose gel. RESULTS: For the V89L polymorphism there were no significant differences in genotype frequencies in patients with prostate cancer and controls (p = 0.071) or in patients with BPH and male controls (p = 0.219). However, males with the VV or VL genotype were at significantly increased risk for prostate cancer compared with those with the LL genotype (adjusted OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.65, p = 0.024). The risk of BPH in males with the VV or VL genotype was not significantly elevated in comparison with those with the LL genotype (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.85 to 2.20, p = 0.194). The V89L variant was not associated with the grade or stage of prostate cancer, or with patient age. For the A49T polymorphism all subjects had the AA genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The V allele of the V89L polymorphism in the SRD5A2 gene may dominantly increase the risk of prostate cancer.     

Impact of genetic polymorphisms on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and the clinical outcome of renal transplantation

We retrospectively examined the association of polymorphisms in the CYP3A, CYP2J2, CYP2C8, and ABCB1 genes with pharmacokinetic (PKs) and pharmacodynamic (PDs) parameters of tacrolimus in 103 renal transplant recipients for a period of 1 year. CYP3A5 expressers had lower predose concentrations (C(0) )/dose and higher dose requirements than nonexpressers throughout the study. Among CYP3A5*1 carriers, those also carrying the CYP3A4*1B allele showed the lowest C(0) /dose, as compared with CYP3A4*1/CYP3A5*3 carriers (54.28±26.45, 59.12±24.00, 62.43±41.12, and 57.01±17.34 vs. 112.37± 76.60, 123.21±59.57, 163.34±76.23, and 183.07±107.82 at 1 week, 1 month, 5 months, and 1 year after transplantation). In addition, CYP3A4*1B/CYP3A5*1 carriers showed significantly lower dose-corrected exposure than CYP3A4*1/CYP3A5*1 carriers 1 year after transplantation (57.01±17.34 vs. 100.09±24.78; P=0.016). Only the ABCB1 TGC (3435-2677-1236) haplotype showed a consistent association with PDs (nephrotoxicity; OR=4.73; CI: 1.3-16.7; P=0.02). Our findings indicate that the CYP3A4*1B-CYP3A5*1 haplotype may have a more profound impact in tacrolimus PKs than the CYP3A5*1 allele. This study does not support a critical role of the CYP450 or ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the occurrence of toxicity or acute rejection in renal transplant recipients treated with tacrolimus.     

Joint effect among p53, CYP1A1, GSTM1 polymorphism combinations and smoking on prostate cancer risk： an exploratory genotype-environment interaction study

Aim： To assess the role of several genetic factors in combination with an environmental factor as modulators of prostate cancer risk. We focus on allele variants of low-penetrance genes associated with cell control, the detoxification processes and smoking. Methods： In a case-control study we compared people carrying p53cd72 Pro allele, CYP1A1 M1 allele and GSTM1 null genotypes with their prostate cancer risk. Results： The joint risk for smokers carrying Pro^＊ and MI^＊, Pro^＊ and GSTM1null or GSTM1 null and CYP1A1 MI^＊ variants was significantly higher （odds ratio [OR]： 13.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 2.41-71.36; OR： 3.97, 95% CI： 1.13-13.95 and OR： 6.87, 95% CI： 1.68-27.97, respectively） compared with that for the reference group, and for non-smokers was not significant. OR for combinations among p53cd72, GSTM1 and CYP1A1 M1 in smokers were positively and significantly associated with prostate cancer risk compared with non-smokers and compared with the putative lowest risk group （OR： 8.87, 95% CI： 1.25-62.71）. Conclusion： Our results suggest that a combination of p53cd72, CYP1A1, GSTM1 alleles and smoking plays a significant role in modified prostate cancer risk on the study population, which means that smokers carrying susceptible genotypes might have a significantly higher risk than those carrying non-susceptible genotypes.     

醛固酮合酶和11-β羟化酶基因多态性与原发性醛固酮增多症发病风险的相关性研究

目的 研究醛固酮合酶基因(CYP11B2)和11-β羟化酶基因(CYP11B1)多态性与原发性醛同酮增多症(PA)发病风险之间的相关性.方法 对醛固酮瘤(APA)和特发性醛崮酮增多症(IHA)患者(APA 134例,IHA 45例)及正常人群(118名)中CYP11B2和CYP1181基因的5个多态性位点进行检测.其中,intron 2采用2个独立的PCR反应,其余位点均采用Taqman探针法.采用Haploview 4.0、SNPassoc 1.5-3和Haplo.stats 1.3.8软件分析CYPllB2和CYP1181基因多态性与PA的关系.结果 所选位点均获成功检测,APA和IHA组中rs6410位点的A等位基因频数显著高于对照组(P=1.09×10-5,P=0.015).与对照组相比,APA组中rs6410位点AA基因型和AG基因型比例增高(P=2.19×10-4),而IHA组中rs6410位点AA基因型和AG基因型仅在年龄、性别和体质量指数校对后比例增高(OR=4.06,95%CJ 1.31～12.66;OR=2.41,95%CI 1.02～5.72).APA组中发现1个易感单体型AAAWT(OR=1.44,95%CI 1.19～1.76),IHA组中发现3个易感单体型AAAWT、AGGWT和AGAWC(OR=1.55,95%CI 1.23～1.96;OR=1.49,95%CI 1.17～1.89;OR:1.40,95%CI 1.04～1.88).同时在APA组中发现1个保护性单体型GGAWT(OR:0.73,95%CI 0.55～0.97).结论 CYP11B2和CYP11B1基因多态性与APA和IHA的发病显著相关.     

Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and prostate cancer: a case-control study in Tehran, Iran

We evaluated the relationship between polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes and prostate cancer (PCa). PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was used to genotype the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms in 168 PCa cases and 336 frequency matched controls. The GSTM1 null, and GSTT1 null genotypes were associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for PCa (OR=3.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.47-5.64; P=0.005, and OR=3.21, 95% CI: 2.52-5.64; P=0.005, respectively) (Pcorrected=0.0062). The frequency of GSTP1 Val/Val genotype was 14.3% in cases compared with 2.4% in controls, this polymorphism thus being associated with a significantly increased risk of PCa (OR=3.72, 95% CI: 1.67-5.65; P=0.002). The risk associated with the concurrent absence of both of the genes (OR=4.8, 95% CI: 2.34-6.78) was greater than the product of risk in men with either null (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 0.82-2.31) genotype combinations (P=0.001, Pcorrected=0.0045). The combination of GSTP1 Ile/Val or Val/Val polymorphism with the GSTT1 null and GSTM1 null type resulted in an OR of 6.21 (95% CI: 4.83-16.87) (P=0.0001, Pcorrected=0.0062). A higher frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype and GSTT1 null genotype was observed in patients with Gleason score >7, with an OR for GSTM1 null 4.67 (95% CI: 3.64-7.62; P=0.001) and with an OR for GSTT1 null 3.62 (95% CI: 2.31-5.74; P=0.004). The results obtained demonstrated that simultaneous presence of three potentially risk alleles (GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and GSTP1 Val) lead to a significant OR increase for PCa.     

食管癌易感性与细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4基因多态性的关系

目的 探讨细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CTLA4)基因3个位点基因型及单倍型频率分布与食管癌易感性的关系.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,检测205例食管癌患者(男113例,女92例)和205例与病例组同性别、同年龄的正常对照者CTLA4基因第一外显子区+49A/G、启动子区-1661A/G和-1772A/G位点的基因型,采用条件Logistic回归模型分别进行基因多态性、单倍型与食管癌易感性的相关分析.结果 CTLA4+49位点基因型AG和AA均增加食管癌发病风险(P＜0.01,OR=2.280;P＜0.O1,OR=2.192).-1661位点AG基因型频率在病例组也高于对照组(P＜0.01,OR=1.848),而GG基因型在两组间分布差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);-1772位点各基因型频率在病例组和对照组分布差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).单倍型分析显示AAG单倍型可增加食管癌的风险(P＜0.01,0R=5.035),而GAA单倍型则降低食管癌风险(P＜0.01,0R=0.413).结论 CTLA4基因+49A/G和-1661A/G位点基因多态性与食管癌易感性相关,单倍型分析进一步证实AAG单倍型为食管癌的危险因素,而GAA单倍型是其保护因素.     

p53、CYP1A1、GSTM1多态性组合和吸烟对前列腺癌风险的联合效应:基因型和环境相互作用的探测性研究

目的:评估若干遗传学因素与一个环境因素对患前列腺癌风险的联合调节作用。本文重点关注与细胞调控有关的低外显基因的等位变体、解毒过程和吸烟这几个因素。方法:本研究设了病例对照。研究分析了携 p53cd72 Pro 等位基因、CYP1A1 M1等位基因和 GSTM1 null 基因型的人群与他们患前列腺癌的风险之间的关联。结果:携 Pro~*和 M1~*,Pro~*和 GSTM1null 或 GSTM1 null 和 CYP1A1 M1~*等位变体的吸烟者的联合患病风险显著高于对照组(优势比[odds ratio:OR]:13.13,95%置信区间[CI]:2.41-71.36;OR:3.97,95% CI:1.13-13.95;OR:6.87,95% CI:1.68-27.97),非吸烟组的患病风险与对照组相比无显著差异。与非吸烟者和无患病风险组相比,p53cd72,GSTM1和 CYP1A1 M1在吸烟者中的组合极明显地与前列腺癌患病风险有关联(OR:8.87,95% CI:1.25-62.71)。结论:本文实验结果表明,在研究人群中,p53cd72,CYP1A1和GSTM1等位基因与吸烟因素的组合对前列腺癌患病风险的改变起重要作用,这意味着携敏感基因型的吸烟者可能比携带非敏感基因型的吸烟者患前列腺癌的风险更大。     

Genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 associated with head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: Alcohol intake and tobacco smoke, in addition to other environmental and genetic factors, have been associated with head and neck cancer. We evaluated the role of metabolic enzyme polymorphisms on the risk of head and neck cancer in a hospital-based case-control study. METHODS: CYP1A1MspI, CYP2E1PstI, GSTM1, and GSTT1polymorphisms were evaluated in 103 histologically confirmed head and neck cancer cases and 102 controls by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. RESULTS: GSTM1null increased the risk of head and neck cancer (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.24-3.79), oral cancer (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.28-5.98), and pharyngeal cancer (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.08-4.63). CYP2E1PstI polymorphism indicated a risk for oral cancer (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.29-11.56). The joint effect of GSTM1 null and CYP1A1 polymorphism increased the risk of head and neck cancer (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.13-5.10). CONCLUSIONS: GSTM1 null alone or associated with CYP1A1 increased the risk of head and neck cancer; the CYP2E1PstI mutated allele increased the risk for only oral cancer.     

X线交错互补修复基因1和核苷酸剪切修复基因多态性与前列腺癌发病风险的相关性

目的 探讨DNA损伤修复基因X线交错互补修复基因1(XRCCI)、核苷酸剪切修复基因(XPD)基因多态性与前列腺癌发病风险的关系. 方法 以358例前列腺癌患者和312例健康对照者为研究对象,采用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态技术检测XRCC1 C26304T、G28152A和XPD A35931C位点基因型,以非条件logistic回归分析计算比值比(OR)及95%可信区间(CI),评估不同基因型与前列腺癌风险之间的相关性. 结果 前列腺癌组XRCC1 28152位点AA基因型者47例(13.1%),对照组24例(7.1%),携带此基因型者患前列腺癌风险显著增加(OR 1.924,95%CI=1.126～3.288,P=0.017).2组间XRCC1 C26304T和XPD A35931C位点基因型分布差异无统计学意义.3个基因位点联合分析结果 显示,个体携带XRCCI 28152AA型及XPD 35931AC+CC型者发生前列腺癌风险显著增加(OR=3.087,95%CI 1.081～8.813;OR=3.376,95%CI 1.067～10.683,OR 3.216,95%CI=1.439～7.188,P=0.004).以患者年龄、PSA值、Gleason评分以及临床分期分层分析结果 显示,携带XRCC1 28152AA及XPD 35931AC+CC基因型者发病年龄明显低于携带野生基因型者(P<0.05). 结论 中国汉族人群XRCCl和XPD基因多态与前列腺癌发病有关,尤其是较年轻者.     

Association between MCP-1 2518 A&gt;G gene polymorphism and chronic kidney disease

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). MCP-1 2518 A>G gene polymorphism is associated with MCP-1 status. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between MCP-1 2518 A>G gene polymorphism and CKD risk. The eligible studies regarding the relationship between MCP-1 2518 A>G gene polymorphism and CKD risk were searched through electronic databases. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using a fixed-effects model, or in the presence of heterogeneity, a random-effects model. A total of 2415 cases and 2011 controls were recruited in our investigation. A allele/GG genotype was not associated with CKD risk in overall populations, Asians, Caucasians, and Africans. AA/AG genotype was not associated with the risk of CKD in overall populations, Asians, Caucasians, and Africans. AA genotype was associated with a lower risk of CKD in Caucasians (OR 0.816, 95% CI 0.703–0.947). AG genotype was associated with a higher risk of CKD in Caucasians (OR 1.230, 95% CI 1.042–1.452). There was no marked publication bias. In conclusion, AA genotype may be a protective factor against CKD susceptibility in Caucasians. AG genotype may be a risk factor for CKD risk in Caucasians. However, more studies are needed in the future.     

Association of polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) with idiopathic azoospermia or oligospermia in Sichuan,China

The reported effects of the glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) on male factor infertility have been inconsistent and even contradictory. Here, we conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between functionally important polymorphisms in GST genes and idiopathic male infertility. The study group consisted of 361 men with idiopathic azoospermia, 118 men with idiopathic oligospermia, and 234 age-matched healthy fertile male controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood, and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. There was a significant association between the GSTP1 variant genotype (Ile/Val + Val/Val) with idiopathic infertility risk (odds ratio [OR]: 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–2.11; P = 0.009). Similarly, a higher risk of infertility was noted in individuals carrying a genotype combination of GSTT1-null and GSTP1 (Ile/Val + Val/Val) (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.43–3.31; P = 0.0002). These results suggest an increased risk of the GSTP1 variant genotype (Ile/Val + Val/Val) for developing male factor infertility. Our findings also underrate the significance of the effect of GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 (especially the former) in modulating the risk of male infertility in males from Sichuan, southwest China.     

Interaction between the vitamin D receptor gene and collagen type Ialpha1 gene in susceptibility for fracture.

Osteoporosis is a common disease with a strong genetic component. Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been implicated in osteoporosis but explain only a small part of the genetic effect on bone mineral density (BMD) while their effect on fractures is still uncertain. Recently, a G to T polymorphism in an Sp1 site in the collagen type Ialpha1 (COLIA1) gene was found to be associated with reduced BMD and with increased fracture risk. To analyze the combined influence of polymorphisms in the VDR gene and the COLIA1 gene in determining the susceptibility to osteoporotic fracture, we studied 1004 postmenopausal women. The "baT" VDR haplotype, constructed from three adjacent restriction fragment length polymorphisms, was found to be overrepresented among fracture cases (p = 0.009). This corresponded to an odds ratio (OR) of 1.8 (95% CI, 1.0-3.3) for heterozygous carriers and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.4-5.0) for homozygous carriers of the risk haplotype. The effect was similar for vertebral and nonvertebral fractures and, most importantly, independent of BMD. We observed significant interaction (p = 0.03) between VDR and COLIA1 genotype effects. Fracture risk was not VDR genotype-dependent in the COLIA1 "reference" group (genotype GG) while in the COLIA1 "risk" group (genotypes GT and TT) the risk of fracture was 2.1 (95% CI, 1.0-4.4) for heterozygous and 4.4 (95% CI, 2.0-9.4) for homozygous carriers of the VDR risk haplotype. We conclude that both the VDR and the COLIA1 polymorphisms are genetic markers for osteoporotic fracture in women, independent of BMD. Our data indicate that interlocus interaction is likely to be an important component of osteoporotic fracture risk.     

Association between an estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer in black men

PURPOSE: Studies suggest that SNPs within ESR1 may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. We evaluated the association of the XbaI and PvuII ESR1 SNPs and prostate cancer risk in 3 different racial/ethnic populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,603 volunteers from the SABOR study (285 black, 876 white and 442 Hispanic men) were genotyped to assess allelic frequencies of the ESR1 SNPs. Case-control analysis was performed on 598 prostate cancer cases and 1,098 controls (260 black men, 1,013 non-Hispanic white men and 423 Hispanic white men) to assess the association between these polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. RESULTS: Allelic frequency was significantly different across ethnic/racial groups for both SNPs. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and stratified by race and ethnicity demonstrated an association between the AG genotype or presence of the G allele (GG or AG genotype) in the XbaI SNP and prostate cancer risk within black men (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.07-4.70, p = 0.031; OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.05-4.35, p = 0.035, respectively). No association was observed among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men for this SNP. Furthermore, there was no association between the PvuII SNP and prostate cancer risk across all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates an association between the AG genotype, as well as presence of the G allele within the XbaI ESR1 SNP and prostate cancer risk among black men.     

Risk of renal cell carcinoma and polymorphism in phase I xenobiotic metabolizing CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 enzymes

The progressive increase in sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) observed in industrialized countries supports the opinion that certain carcinogens present in the environment (tobacco smoke, drugs, pollutants, and dietary constituents) may affect the occurrence and progression of this disease in developing countries like India. The polymorphism of the enzymes involved in metabolism of such environmental factors may, therefore, confer variable propensity to RCC. The possible association between RCC and a polymorphism of the CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 genes specific to the Indian population was examined using peripheral blood DNA from 196 RCC cases and 250 population controls with detailed data of clinicopathologic characteristics for the disease. The CYP1A1 (val) “variant” genotype, which contains at least 1 copy of the CYP1A1 variant alleles, was found to be associated with a 2.03-fold [GG ver. AA/AG, unadjusted OR = 2.03; 95%CI = 1.233–3.342; P = 0.005] increase in the risk of RCC. There was also a significant association (p^trend = 0.034) between higher frequency of RCC subjects containing at least of copy of the CYP1A1 (val) “variant” genotype with III or IV Fuhrman's grade. Whereas, the CYP2D6 polymorphism did not show any association with RCC risk [TT ver. CT/CC, unadjusted OR = 95%CI = 1.233–3.342; P = 0.005]. There was a significant association (p^trend = 0.001) between the poor metabolizer CYP2D6 (TT) and progression towards higher pathological stage of RCC. Our data demonstrate for the first time a significant association between pharmacogenetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and risk of RCC development in the Indian population. The findings suggest that inter-individual variation in the phase I metabolic enzymes involved in the fictionalization and detoxification of specific xenobiotics is an important susceptibility factor for development and progression of RCC in Indians.     

胆固醇7α-羟化酶基因——204A/C基因多态性与胆石病及血清脂质水平相关性的meta分析

目的评价CYP7A1-204A/C基因多态性与胆石病风险及血清脂质水平之间的相关性。方法通过纳入排除标准,获取符合要求的文献;根据研究间的异质性,确定使用随机效应模型或固定效应模型,使用Rev Man对数据进行分析。结果使用5篇文献评估CYP7A1-204A/C基因多态性与胆石病风险间的关系,涉及病例组人群830名,对照组健康人群882名。结果显示,CYP7A1-204A等位基因导致GSD风险提高5%(OR=1.05,95%CI:0.91~1.22,P=0.48),提高幅度不显著。以种族进行的亚组分析后,仍未见显著差异。使用4篇文献对CYP7A1-204A与血清脂质水平的相关性进行分析,涉及病例组人群802名,健康对照组人群691名。所有对象均为亚洲人。数据整合结果显示,AC基因型比AA基因型人群TG水平更高,差异显著(MD=-0.42,95%CI=-0.76~0.08,P=0.01)。显示AC基因型比AA基因型人群TG水平更高,差异显著(MD=-0.42,95%CI=-0.76~0.08,P=0.01)。CC基因型病例组人群的LDL-C显著高于AA基因型病例组人群(MD=-0.40,95%CI=0.06~0.73,P=0.02);AA基因型比CC基因型对照组人群有着更高的TC水平(MD=-0.35,95%CI=-0.60~0.10,P=0.007);AC基因型对照组人群的TG水平高于CC基因型对照组人群,差异显著(MD=-0.35,95%CI=-0.61~-0.08,P=0.01);对比对照组人群的CC基因型,AA基因型人群的HDL-C水平更高(MD=-0.15,95%CI=-0.21~0.09,P=0.0000098)。结论 CYP7A1-204A/C多态性与GSD风险在亚洲人群中无相关性;但是,CYP7A1-204A/C多态性与血清脂质水平有显著相关性。     

Promoter variants in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) protect against susceptibility in pigeon breeders' disease

BACKGROUND: Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play a major role in extracellular matrix turnover in the lung. However, in chronic lung disorders such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pigeon breeders' disease (PBD), TIMPs may promote an adverse non-degradative environment. We hypothesised that polymorphisms in TIMP-3 could affect susceptibility to IPF and PBD. METHODS: Two promoter variants, -915A>G and -1296T>C, were genotyped in 323 healthy subjects, 94 subjects with IPF, 115 with PBD, and 90 exposed to avian antigen but without PBD. The severity of fibrosis in lung tissue and the clinical outcome after 1 year was determined in the PBD group. RESULTS: The variants did not influence susceptibility to IPF, but the rare alleles of both variants appeared to be protective against susceptibility to PBD (odds ratio (OR) for carriage of at least one rare allele from either variant 0.48, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.76, p = 0.002). Haplotype analysis of positions -915 and -1296 estimated four haplotypes: *A*T, *G*T, *A*C and *G*C, respectively. Their frequencies differed overall between subjects with PBD and healthy subjects (p = 0.0049) and this was attributable primarily to the *G*C haplotype (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.77, p = 0.001). The severity of fibrosis correlated with poorer outcome in the PBD group (r = 0.73, p<0.01) but no relationship was seen between the *G*C haplotype and outcome or fibrosis. However, PBD subjects with the *G*C haplotype did have proportionally fewer lymphocytes in their bronchoalveolar fluid than those with the common *A*T haplotype (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: TIMP-3 variants appear to contribute to susceptibility to PBD. This may be through the inflammatory reaction rather than the fibrotic reaction.     

Breast cancer risk associated with CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms in Japanese women

Although several reports are available on the association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in Caucasian women, it has never been reported in Japanese women. Since breast cancer incidence and clinicopathologic features of breast cancers are different between Japanese and Caucasian women, it is conceivable that the risk factors of breast cancer might also differ. In addition, a preliminary study has shown that the frequencies of the variant allele in the CYP1A1 gene are different among ethnic groups. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the association of CYP1A1 polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in Japanese women. The association of two CYP1A1 polymorphisms, that is, 3' noncoding region (6235(T/C)) and codon 462 (Ile/Val), with breast cancer risk was analyzed by a case-control study (195 cases and 272 controls). Variant allele 6235C carriers at the 3' noncoding region polymorphism showed a significantly ( p < 0.01) reduced breast cancer risk (odds ratio 0.60; 95% CI 0.41–0.88) as compared with noncarriers, and variant allele 462Val carriers at the codon 462 polymorphism also showed a significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced risk (odds ratio 0.66; 95% CI 0.45–0.96) as compared with noncarriers. The relationship between the genetic polymorphisms and clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancers was also investigated. Variant allele 6235C carriers showed a significantly ( p < 0.02) higher positivity of lymph node metastasis than noncarriers (54% versus 36%), and tumors measuring less than 2 cm were significantly ( p < 0.03) more frequently observed in variant allele 462Val carriers than noncarriers (50% versus 33%). These results suggest that the CYP1A1 polymorphisms would be useful for predicting breast cancer risk as well as some tumor characteristics in Japanese women.     

Lack of association between polymorphisms in p53 gene and spermatogenetic failure in a Chinese population

Although various genetic factors have been demonstrated in human male infertility, many genetic causes involving gene variants for the idiopathic male infertility have not yet been elucidated. P53 gene is involved in the meiosis of the male rat and mice, which suggested that p53 plays a critical role in spermatogenesis. To examine whether the codon72 polymorphism and IVS7+72C>T polymorphism of the human p53 gene are associated with spermatogenetic failure in Han-Chinese population. A case-control study was conducted with 198 idiopathic infertile patients with nonobstructive azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia and 233 fertile controls. We genotyped the two polymorphisms, codon72 and IVS7+72C>T, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The polymorphisms were identified in both infertile patients and fertile controls. The allele and genotype frequencies of the two polymorphisms were not significantly different between the patients and controls. Further analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the haplotype distributions between the patients and controls. The results of this study suggest that the codon72 and IVS7+72C>T polymorphisms of the p53 gene are unlikely to contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic male infertility with spermatogenetic failure.