HPLC同时测定连翘花及叶中绿原酸等活性成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定绿原酸、连翘酯苷、芦丁、连翘苷含量的高效液相色谱测定方法;比较连翘花、不同生长时期连翘叶、连翘药材中的含量差异。方法:采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,以Supelcosil C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,甲醇-0.8%醋酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长280 nm,柱温25℃。结果:绿原酸在0.125～12.500μg、连翘酯苷在0.125～12.500μg、芦丁在0.175～17.500μg、连翘苷在0.125～12.500μg线性关系良好,平均加样回收率为98.43%～99.97%,RSD<5%(n=6)。结论:该方法准确可靠,结果稳定,可用于连翘样品中绿原酸、连翘酯苷、芦丁和连翘苷的同时测定,且各活性成分在连翘花、不同生长时期连翘叶及连翘药材的含量存在差异。     

连翘不同部位中连翘苷和连翘酯苷A的含量分析及其入药探讨△

目的:通过连翘不同部位的连翘苷和连翘酯苷A的含量比较,为连翘资源的综合开发利用提供科学依据.方法:采用HPLC测定连翘果实、叶、果梗、枝梗中连翘苷和连翘酯苷A的含量,以Luna5uC18 (2) 100A(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,连翘苷测定流动相为乙腈-水(25∶75),检测波长为277 nm,柱温为室温,流速为1.0 mL· min-1;连翘酯苷A测定流动相为乙腈-0.4％冰醋酸溶液(15:85),检测波长为330 nm,柱温为室温,流速为1.0 mL·min-1.结果:连翘苷在3.33 ～ 13.32 μg线性关系良好(r=0.999 7),平均回收率为99.30％,RSD=1.4％;连翘酯苷A在4.17 ～6.69 μg具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),平均回收率为98.26％,RSD=1.8％.结论:连翘苷含量在不同部位中叶子最高,其次为果实、枝梗、果梗;连翘酯苷A含量在不同部位中同样叶子最高,其次为果实、果梗、枝梗.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定中药连翘药用及非药用部位中7种有效成分含量

[目的]建立同时测定连翘药用部位和非药用部位中连翘酯苷A、连翘酯苷B、紫云英苷、连翘苷、牛蒡子苷、槲皮素和牛蒡子苷元7种化学成分的高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法。[方法]采用反相高效液相色谱法,以AgilentEclipse Plus C18(4.6mm×100 mm,1.8μm)为色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水,梯度洗脱,检测波长为280 nm,体积流量为0.3 mL/min,柱温为30℃。[结果]连翘酯苷A、连翘酯苷B、紫云英苷、连翘苷、牛蒡子苷、槲皮素和牛蒡子苷元分离与线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为100%、99.1%、104%、104%、98.4%、99.0%、103%,RSD分别为2.27%、1.59%、1.94%、1.25%、2.97%、2.10%、2.67%。[结论]该方法分离度好,简便快速,可用于同时检测连翘药用及非药用部位中连翘酯苷A,连翘酯苷B,紫云英苷,连翘苷,牛蒡子苷,槲皮素和牛蒡子苷元的含量,为连翘资源全面质量评价提供依据。     

不同部位、不同产地及不同采集时间连翘中连翘酯苷A的含量测定

目的:考察不同部位、不同产地及不同采集时间连翘中连翘酯苷A的含量。方法:采用HPLC法,以TIANHE C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)为色谱柱,乙腈∶水∶醋酸(15∶85∶0.2)为流动相,检测波长为332nm,流速为1.0mL.min-1。结果:连翘酯苷A在0.010~0.810g.L-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为100.5%,RSD为1.61%。不同部位、不同产地及不同采集时间连翘中连翘酯苷A的含量在0.99%~6.97%之间。结论:不同部位、不同产地及不同采集时间连翘中连翘酯苷A的含量均不同。     

青翘炮制方法的研究

目的:确定青翘的最佳炮制方法。方法:采用HPLC直接测定,Alltima C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),甲醇-水梯度洗脱,检测波长280 nm,室温,流速0.8 mL.min-1。结果:连翘酯苷的回归方程为Y=959 631.703 1X+250 467.648 4,r=0.999 4,线性范围1.5～15μg;连翘苷的回归方程为Y=883 203.205 8X-9 047.738 3,r=0.999 4,线性范围0.145～1.45μg;连翘酯苷和连翘苷的加样回收率分别为97.9%,99.2%,RSD分别为2.30%,2.27%(n=6)。青翘药材蒸制20～30 min,连翘酯苷和连翘苷的含量最高。结论:该测定方法准确、可靠,重复性好,可用于连翘中连翘酯苷和连翘苷的含量测定;青翘的炮制以蒸制20～30 min为宜。     

HPLC法测定蒙药甘露解毒丸中连翘酯苷A的含量研究

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定蒙药甘露解毒丸中连翘酯苷A的含量。方法:色谱柱为SHISEIDO CAPCELL PAK C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm),以乙腈-0.4%冰醋酸(15∶85,V/V)为流动相,流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长330nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。结果:连翘酯苷A在0.1～1.4μg范围内呈现良好线性关系,线性方程为Y=2302379X+2377(r=0.9999,n=6);专属性良好;精密度和稳定性的RSD分别为0.40%和0.80%。平均加样回收率为94.34%,RSD为1.26%(n=9)。测定两批甘露解毒丸样品,平均含量为0.7772 mg/g, RSD为0.71%。结论:高效液相色谱法测定连翘酯苷A的含量操作简便,重现性好,灵敏度较高,适用于甘露解毒丸中连翘酯苷A的含量测定。     

连翘不同部位中连翘苷和连翘酯苷A的含量分析及其入药探讨

目的：通过连翘不同部位的连翘苷和连翘酯苷A的含量比较,为连翘资源的综合开发利用提供科学依据。方法：采用HPLC测定连翘果实、叶、果梗、枝梗中连翘苷和连翘酯苷A的含量,以Luna5uC18（2）100A（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为色谱柱,连翘苷测定流动相为乙腈-水（25∶75）,检测波长为277 nm,柱温为室温,流速为1.0 mL·min-1;连翘酯苷A测定流动相为乙腈-0.4%冰醋酸溶液（15∶85）,检测波长为330 nm,柱温为室温,流速为1.0 mL·min-1。结果：连翘苷在3.33～13.32 μg线性关系良好（r=0.999 7）,平均回收率为99.30%,RSD=1.4%;连翘酯苷A在4.17～6.69 μg具有良好的线性关系（r=0.999 7）,平均回收率为98.26%,RSD=1.8%。结论：连翘苷含量在不同部位中叶子最高,其次为果实、枝梗、果梗;连翘酯苷A含量在不同部位中同样叶子最高,其次为果实、果梗、枝梗。     

双波长高效液相色谱法同时测定双黄连口服液中黄芩苷、绿原酸、连翘苷、连翘酯苷A的含量

目的:建立同时测定双黄连口服液中黄芩苷、绿原酸、连翘苷、连翘酯苷A 4种成分含量的高效液相色谱法。方法:采用Hedera ODS-2色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),柱温30℃,甲醇-0.2%磷酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为324、280nm。结果:黄芩苷、绿原酸、连翘苷、连翘酯苷A分别在28.53-285.25、4.86-48.60、2.05-20.50、2.01-20.10μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9998、0.9993、0.9993、0.9997,4种成分平均回收率均符合含量测定要求。结论:本法简单易行,可用于双黄连口服液的质量控制。     

连翘药材及其配方颗粒中连翘酯苷A和连翘苷含量比较

目的：比较连翘药材及其配方颗粒中连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的含量。方法采用高效液相色谱梯度洗脱法。色谱柱：SunFire C18（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μ m）;流动相A为乙腈,流动相B为0.4%冰醋酸溶液;流速：1.0 mL/min;检测波长：277 nm;柱温：30℃。对连翘药材及其配方颗粒中连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的含量进行测定,比较二者含量的差异。结果连翘配方颗粒中连翘酯苷A的含量低于原药材中的含量,与所标示的浓缩倍数不符;配方颗粒中连翘苷的含量与原药材一致。结论原配方颗粒的生产工艺需要改进,配方颗粒需要建立完善的质量控制方法和合理的质量标准。     

HPLC法同时测定银翘马勃散中5种有效成分的含量

目的建立同时测定银翘马勃散中绿原酸、连翘酯苷A、牛蒡苷、连翘苷、次野鸢尾黄素5种成分含量的方法。方法采用HPLC法。COSMOSIL 5 C_(18)-AR-Ⅱ色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);以甲醇-0.4%磷酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速:1.0 m L·min~(-1);柱温:30℃;检测波长:272 nm。结果绿原酸、连翘酯苷A、牛蒡苷、连翘苷、次野鸢尾黄素的保留时间分别为24.963,39.996,45.863,47.983,63.868 min;线性范围分别为0.992~9.92(r=0.9999),0.498~4.98(r=0.9996),2.66~26.6(r=0.9999),0.092~0.92(r=0.9998),0.0149~0.149μg(r=0.9997);平均加样回收率分别为99.82%、96.38%、96.69%、103.23%、98.70%。结论该方法简单、准确、稳定,可用于银翘马勃散中绿原酸、连翘酯苷A、牛蒡苷、连翘苷、次野鸢尾黄素的同时测定,为银翘马勃散及其类方制剂的新药开发与质量评价提供参考。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。