前列腺癌细胞和组织中Axl及其配体蛋白的表达与临床意义

目的: 探讨Ets1和VEGF在乳腺浸润性导管癌( invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)组织中的表达规律,分析其与临床病理特征的关系。方法:　选择临床确诊的40例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者手术切除癌组织和癌旁组织标本,通过免疫组织化学和RTPCR方法检测Ets1和VEGF蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果:（1）Ets1和VEGF蛋白在乳腺IDC组织中高表达,明显高于癌旁乳腺组织（P＜0.01）;癌组织中Ets1蛋白表达高于VEGF,且两者呈正相关（r为0.8827,P＜005); Ets1和VEGF蛋白表达与年龄、肿瘤大小无关,与临床分期、淋巴结转移密切相关（P<0.05）。（2）Ets1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA在乳腺IDC组织的表达明显高于癌旁乳腺组织(P＜0.01);Ets1mRNA水平明显高于VEGF mRNA (P＜0.01),且两者正相关（r＝0.984,P＜001）; Ets1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA表达与年龄、肿瘤大小无关,与临床分期、淋巴结转移密切相关（P<0.05）。结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Ets1和VEGF在mRNA和蛋白水平均高表达,两者表达间均呈正相关;两者表达均与肿瘤临床分期和淋巴结转移相关。     

p57KIP2、cyclin E在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及意义

目的检测p57KIP2、cyclin E蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)中的表达,探讨它们在乳腺癌发生、发展中的作用.方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测64例IDC、15例乳腺导管内癌(DCIS)、15例癌旁正常乳腺组织中p57KIP2、cyclin E蛋白的表达情况.结果p57KIP2、cyclin E蛋白在IDC与DCIS、IDC与癌旁正常组织中阳性表达之间,cyclin E蛋白在DCIS与癌旁正常组织中阳性表达之间差异均有显著性(P≤0.05,P＜0.01).在IDC中,p57KIP2、cyclin E蛋白阳性表达均与腋窝淋巴结转移相关(P＜0.01,P≤0.05),与患者年龄无关(P＞0.05);cyclin E蛋白阳性表达与肿块大小有关(P＜0.01);p57KIP2与cyclin E之间阳性表达呈负相关(P＜0.01).结论p57KIP2蛋白低表达、cyclin E蛋白高表达可能是乳腺组织恶性转变以及乳腺癌发生淋巴结转移的重要生物学标志,cyclin E蛋白的异常表达是乳腺癌发生的早期事件.联合检测p57KIP2、cyclin E对预测乳腺癌淋巴结转移有临床意义.     

Nm23、IMP3蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究nm23、IMP3蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及两者之间的关系,并探讨其临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化S-P法检测nm23和IMP3在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达情况,分析两者的相关性,再对nm23、 IMP3蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌及癌旁组织中的表达与淋巴结转移之间的关系进行统计学分析.结果 乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中nm23的表达低于癌旁组织(P<0.05);乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中IMP3的表达高于癌旁组织(P<0.05).淋巴结转移者nm23的表达低于无淋巴结转移者(P<0.05);淋巴结转移者IMP3蛋白的表达高于无淋巴结转移者(P<0.05).乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中nm23与IMP3蛋白的表达呈负相关(r=-0.795,P<0.5).结论 Nm23、IMP3蛋白表达在乳腺浸润性导管癌的形成和转移中起着重要作用,可作为预测其浸润转移潜能的重要指标.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌组织Livin和Caspase-3蛋白表达及其相关性研究

目的:探讨细胞凋亡相关因子Livin和Caspase-3在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及相关性.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测70例乳腺浸润性导管癌、20例乳腺增生和10例乳腺癌旁组织(距癌组织≥4 cm,组织学结构正常)标本中Livin、Caspase-3的表达情况,探讨两者的相关性及其与临床病理因素的关系.结果:Livin蛋白在癌组织中的阳性表达率为64.3％,高于乳腺增生和乳腺癌旁组织的25.0％和10.0％( P＜0.05);Caspase-3蛋白在癌组织中的阳性表达率为45.7％,明显低于乳腺增生和乳腺癌旁组织中的75.0％和80.0％(P＜0.05);Livin蛋白与Caspase-3蛋白表达呈负相关,P＜0.05.Livin蛋白的阳性表达率随着临床分期增加显著升高(P＜0.05),但与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级、淋巴结转移无关,P＞0.05.Caspase-3蛋白的表达随着临床分期的增加其阳性表达率下降(P＜0.05),与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级和淋巴结转移无关,P＞0.05.在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Livin蛋白与ER、PR表达负相关(P＜0.05),与c-erbB-2的表达无相关性,P＞ 0.05.Caspase-3蛋白与ER、PR表达显著正相关(P＜0.05),与c-erbB-2表达无相关性,P＞0.05.结论:Livin在乳腺癌的发生发展中发挥重要促进作用,可能成为乳腺浸润性导管癌诊断中的标志,并有望成为乳腺癌治疗的新靶点.Caspase-3在Livin抗凋亡通路中发挥着重要作用.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中COX-2、MMP-9的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨COX-2和MMP-9蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其相关性.方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测52例乳腺癌组织COX-2和MMP-9蛋白的表达.结果:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2阳性表达率为76.9%(40/52),MMP-9阳性表达率为82.7%(43/52),COX-2阳性表达与患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、雌孕激素受体无明显相关性(P＞0.05),而与淋巴结转移、TNM分期、组织学分级有关(P＜0.05);MMP-9阳性表达与患者的年龄、雌孕激素受体无明显相关性(P＞0.05),而与肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、组织学分级有关(P＜0.05);乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2、MMP-9蛋白的表达之间存在显著正相关(r=0.448,P＜0.01).结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2、MMP-9蛋白高表达,且两者具相关性.COX-2蛋白可通过诱导MMP-9蛋白的表达上调,增加乳腺癌细胞的侵袭力,促进乳腺癌浸润、转移.     

MFG-E8在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其相关性

目的：探讨MFG-E8蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其相关性。方法：应用免疫组织化学法（ SP法）检测54例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中MFG-E8蛋白的表达,并结合患者的临床病理资料分析与其相关性。结果：乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的MFG-E8阳性表达率为81.5％（44/54）,高于癌旁正常乳腺组织（P＜0.01）,统计分析结果发现MFG-E8的阳性表达与乳腺癌的组织学分级密切相关（P＜0.01）,而与肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移及临床分期无显著相关（ P＞0.05）。结论：乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中存在MFG-E8的高表达。MFG-E8的高表达是促进乳腺癌侵袭的途径之一。     

环氧化酶2和血管内皮生长因子在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨环氧化酶2（COX-2）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）mRNA及其蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系.方法 采用原位杂交和免疫组织化学技术检测70例乳腺浸润性导管癌和30例乳腺纤维腺瘤中COX-2、VEGF mRNA及蛋白的表达.计数资料的分析运用χ2检验,相关性分析采用Spearman检验.结果 乳腺浸润性导管癌COX-2 mRNA阳性率明显高于乳腺纤维腺瘤[74.2%（52/70）比30.0%（9/30）,χ2=17.31,P=0.00],COX-2 蛋白阳性率也明显高于乳腺纤维腺瘤[72.8%（51/70）比23.3% （7/30）,χ2=21.14,P=0.00].乳腺浸润性导管癌COX-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达均与淋巴结转移有关（χ2=7.54,P=0.00;χ2=6.36,P=0.01）,与年龄、肿瘤大小和组织学分级无关（P〉0.05）.乳腺浸润性导管癌VEGF mRNA阳性率明显高于乳腺纤维腺瘤[71.4%（50/70）比33.3% （10/30）,χ2 =12.70,P=0.00],其VEGF蛋白阳性率也明显高于乳腺纤维腺瘤[65.7%（46/70）比26.7%（8/30）,χ2 =12.89,P=0.00].乳腺浸润性导管癌VEGF mRNA表达与淋巴结转移有关（χ2=8.33,P=0.00）,与年龄、肿瘤大小及组织学分级无关（P〉0.05）;而VEGF蛋白表达与组织学分级、淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.05）,与年龄及肿瘤大小无关（P〉0.05）.在乳腺浸润性导管癌中,COX-2 mRNA表达与VEGF mRNA表达之间以及COX-2蛋白表达与VEGF蛋白表达之间均呈正相关关系（r=0.64,P=0.00;r=0.44,P=0.00）.结论 COX-2和VEGF的mRNA及蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌中表达均上调且与淋巴结转移有关,因此,COX-2、VEGF可作为判断乳腺浸润性导管癌预后的生物学标志物.     

MDR1和Anxa2在乳腺癌组织中的表达与侵袭转移的关系研究

探讨乳腺癌组织中多药耐药基因（MDR1）和膜联蛋白（Anxa2）表达的相关性及其与乳腺癌转移的关系。方法:应用荧光定量PCR的方法检测20例配对的乳腺导管内癌、100例乳腺浸润性导管癌、70例癌旁正常组织中MDR1和Anxa2 mRNA的相对表达情况。结果:MDR1 mRNA在乳腺导管内癌中的表达水平明显高于癌旁正常组织（P=0.005）,乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中mRNA的表达明显高于癌旁正常组织（P=0.017）和导管内癌（P=0.019 6）。Anxa2 mRNA在乳腺导管内癌中表达与癌旁正常组织相比无显著性差异（P=0.188 9）,但是在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达明显高于导管内癌（P=0.000 8）和癌旁正常组织（P<0.000 1）;MDR1和Anxa2 mRNA的表达升高均与患者出现淋巴结转移有关（P<0.01）;2种基因在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达呈正相关（P<0.000 1）。结论:在肿瘤进展过程中,MDR1和Anxa2 mRNA表达上调与乳腺癌的淋巴结转移有关,二者之间表达具有正相关提示肿瘤细胞的多药耐药的获得和肿瘤侵袭转移之间有着密切联系。      

COX-2及Ki67在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨COX-2和Ki67在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达情况及其临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP方法检测82例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织与癌旁正常组织中COX-2和Ki67的表达,并结合临床病理特点进行分析.结果 82例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2和Ki67的表达分别为71.95%和64.63%,与癌旁正常组织相比均明显增高(均P<0.001);COX-2和Ki67的表达与肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结转移、脉管侵犯及组织学分级呈正相关(均P<0.05);Ki67的表达与肿瘤大小呈正相关(P<0.01);Spearman等级相关分析法显示两者表达呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2和Ki67的表达均增高,两者与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征密切相关,对两者进行联合检测可反映乳腺浸润性导管癌的生物学行为.     

Robo1蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及其与乳腺癌脑转移的关系

目的 检测Robo1蛋白在不同乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达情况,并探讨Robo1蛋白的表达与乳腺癌脑转移的关系.方法 采用链霉素抗生物素蛋白-生物素(LSAB)法,对24例发生脑转移的乳腺浸润性导管癌、71例未发生脑转移的乳腺浸润性导管癌、22例乳腺导管内癌和23例乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中Robo1蛋白的表达情况进行检测.结果 Robo1蛋白在导管内癌和浸润性导管癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为59.1%和45.3%,均明显低于其在纤维腺瘤组织中的阳性表达率(87.0%,P＜0.05).Robo1蛋白在有脑转移的浸润性导管癌组织中的阳性表达率为12.5%,明显低于其在无脑转移的浸润性导管癌中的阳性表达率(56.3%,P＜0.05).Robo1蛋白在＞50岁乳腺浸润性导管癌患者中的阳性表达率为57.8%,明显高于其在≤50岁乳腺浸润性导管癌患者中的阳性表达率(34.0%,P＜0.05).Robo1蛋白阴性表达患者的5年生存率为57.7%,明显低于阳性表达的患者(83.7%,P<0.05).Robo1蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达与肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状态、病理学分期、组织学分级以及临床分期均无关(均P＞0.05).结论 Robo1蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达与脑转移呈负相关,与患者的发病年龄及预后呈正相关,可成为判断乳腺癌预后和脑转移的分子标志物.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the expression of Robo1 in different breast tumors and its association with the breast cancer brain metastasis. Methods Labelled streptavidin-biotin (LSAB) staining was used to examine the Robo1 expression in specimens from 24 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC)with brain metastasis, 71 cases of IDC without brain metastasis, 22 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 23 cases of fibroadenoma. Results The expression pattern of Robo1 in DCIS (59.1%) and IDC (45.3%) was significantly lower than that in adenofibroma (87.0%, P<0.05). The expression of Robo1 in IDC with brain metastasis (12.5%) was significantly lower than that in IDC without brain metastasis (56.3%, P<0.05). The expression of Robo1 was much higher in more than 50 year-old-group (57.8%) than that in less than 50 year-old-group (34.0%) of IDC patients. The overall survival time in patients with the Robo1 negative expression was significantly shorter than those with positive expression (P<0.05). No correlation was found between the Robo1 expression and the tumor size, lymph node metastasis, pathologic stage, histological grade and clinical stage (P>0.05). Conclusions The Robo1 expression correlates negatively with IDC brain metastasis, and correlates positively with the age and prognosis of IDC patients. Robo1 may be applied as a marker in evaluation of the IDC prognosis and brain metastasis.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Morphine and tumor growth and metastasis

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there are reports that these drugs may alter cancer recurrence or metastasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as the modulation of the immune response or cellular pathways that control the survival and migratory behavior of cancer cells. The published literature, however, presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that opioids may either promote or prevent the spread of cancer. It is of great importance to determine whether opioids, in particular the most widely used, morphine, may increase the risk of metastasis when used in cancer surgery. This review examines the available data on the effects of morphine which influence cancer metastasis or recurrence, including immunomodulation, tumor cell aggressiveness, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on recently published clinical and laboratory based studies. We further discuss the parameters that may explain the difference between reports on the effects of morphine on cancer.     

肾上腺素能β受体与肿瘤生长及转移

大量研究表明肿瘤细胞可表达β受体，而一些神经递质、药物和社会心理因素可能通过β受体影响肿瘤的生长和转移，β受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂以及抑郁等社会心理因素可加强或削弱这种作用。这为表达β受体肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，提供了新的治疗靶点。