能力验证活动中两种不同链球菌的鉴别诊断

目的通过能力验证活动提高鉴别诊断化脓性链球菌和猪链球菌2型的实验室检验能力。方法根据国标处理盲样,分纯菌株后根据革兰染色镜检结果用API20 STREP生化鉴定卡鉴别诊断。结果两份能力验证考核盲样分别检出化脓性链球菌和猪链球菌2型。结论结合血平板溶血试验、链激酶试验和革兰染色镜检结果用API20 STREP生化鉴定卡能快速、准确鉴定化脓性链球菌和2型猪链球菌。     

火炭母的生药学研究

目的 鉴定火炭母.方法 采用显微鉴定和薄层色谱法研究.结果 火炭母中腺毛、非腺毛、气孔、草酸钙簇晶等显微特征明显,薄层色谱图清晰,重复性好.结论 纠正书中不妥之处,为该药的鉴别提供科学依据.     

火炭母的生药学研究

目的鉴定火炭母。方法采用显微鉴定和薄层色谱法研究。结果火炭母中腺毛、非腺毛、气孔、草酸钙簇晶等显微特征明显,薄层色谱图清晰,重复性好。结论纠正书中不妥之处,为该药的鉴别提供科学依据。     

7-氧取代香豆素的分离和Geiparvarin的合成

本文综述了近年来国外从植物中分离鉴定的7-氧取代香豆素类化合物,简述了新近发展起来的分离和鉴定方法。重点介绍了抗癌活性成分Geiparvarin的合成方法。     

固体药用硬片的微生物污染状况分析北大核心CSCD

目的:通过对158批聚氯乙烯固体药用硬片的微生物限度检查及其污染菌株的鉴定与分析,探讨国内固体药用硬片的微生物污染现状,为制定其微生物限度检查项和限值提供参考。方法:按照《国家药包材标准》,分别采用《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版二部和《中华人民共和国药典》2015年版四部的微生物限度检查方法对聚氯乙烯固体药用硬片进行细菌数、霉菌和酵母菌数、需氧菌总数、霉菌和酵母菌总数的测定以及大肠埃希菌的检查,并利用全自动微生物鉴定系统对样品中检出的污染菌株进行鉴定。结果:《中华人民共和国药典》2015年版四部的微生物限度检查方法对于聚氯乙烯固体药用硬片中污染微生物的检出率明显高于《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版二部,样品中检出的污染菌株中既有革兰氏阳性芽孢菌,也有革兰氏阴性菌。结论:固体药用硬片的生产和储运流程中存在微生物污染的风险,应建立关键环节的微生物污染物监控和追溯调查体系,并建议进一步完善其微生物限度检查标准和方法。     

保障中药原料质量稳定的环节与因素的探讨

目的论述了保障中药原料质量稳定的环节与因素。方法分别从中药原料的产地、生产、鉴定、采收、贮存、炮制、管理等方面对中药原料质量稳定的环节与因素进行探讨。结果稳定的产地、规范的生产、准确的鉴定、适时的采收、规范的炮制是保障中药原料质量稳定的相关环节与重要因素。结论上述七个环节的工作为中药制剂质量稳定提供了最基本的保障。     

VC银翘片中异甘草素二糖苷的1HNMR和13CNMR法鉴定分析

目的：对Vc银翘片有效成分异甘草素二糖苷的存在进行鉴定分析。方法：运用色谱技术进行分离；运用^1HNMR和^13CNMR方法进行鉴定分析。结果：Vc银翘片中含有异甘草素二糖苷。结论：Vc银翘片中含有银翘散的有效抗流感病毒成分，其处方保留了银翘散的主要功效。     

牡荆子化学成分研究

目的 研究牡荆属植物牡荆Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia果实的化学成分。方法 采用反复硅胶柱层析、MCI、凝胶柱层析、制备液相色谱法及重结晶等方法,对牡荆子提取物进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据结合理化性质解析所得化合物的结构。结果 共分离鉴定22个化合物,从牡荆子石油醚部位分离、鉴定5个化合物,从二氯甲烷部位分离、鉴定17个化合物。其中,8个木脂素类化合物,4个二萜类化合物,1个三萜类化合物,6个黄酮类化合物,3个酚酸类化合物。结论 4β-羟基泡桐素、和厚朴酚与无羁萜为首次从该植物中分离得到。5,7,2",5"-四羟基黄酮为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

高效价冷凝集素对交叉配血的影响

目的探究高效价冷凝集素对交叉配血的影响。方法选取2014年2月因胆囊癌在本院住院治疗的1例患者,通过血型血清学检测,对出现配血困难的原因进行分析。结果高效价冷凝集素会导致常规项目检验失真,对于交叉配血、血型鉴定以及血常规的影响比较常见。结论采取不规则抗体试验后,在血清中未发现IgG类的不规则抗体。在交叉配血期间采取高效价冷凝集素进行干扰,应该选取具有一定价值的鉴别方法,在综合鉴定以及排除后,保障临床血液使用的安全性。     

某院淋球菌感染及检测结果分析

目的探讨淋病病原体淋病奈瑟菌(简称淋球菌)的感染情况和淋球菌的检测方法,为临床提供重要的诊治依据。方法收集2009年1月至2011年12月检测57例淋球菌感染的可疑淋病患者分泌物进行直接涂片与培养鉴定检测。结果 57例可疑淋病患者中男24例,直接涂片阳性检出率为83.33%(20/24),培养鉴定阳性检出率为91.67%(22/24),两种方法阳性检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.17,P>0.05);女33例,直接涂片阳性检出率为18.18%(6/33),培养鉴定阳性检出率为87.88%(29/33),两种方法阳性检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=51.6,P<0.01);男女可疑淋病患者培养鉴定法阳性检出率均高于直接涂片法。结论男性患者直接涂片法阳性时,一般可免去培养法而确诊;女性患者除直接涂片外,尚需进行培养鉴定才能确诊。     

Rapid determination of eight aristolochic acid analogues in five Aristolochiaceae plants by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Aristolochic acids (AAs) and aristololactams (ALs) are commonly found in some Aristolochiaceae plants, and they have been reported to be AA nephropathy (AAN), nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity. In the present study, we established an ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q/TOF-MS) method for the rapid analysis of eight AA analogues in 19 samples originated from the five Aristolochiaceae plants, the roots and rhizomes of Asarum sieboldii Miq. var. seoulense Nakai, the fruits of Aristolochia contorta Bunge or A. debilis Sieb. et Zucc., the roots of Aristolochia debilisSieb. et Zucc., the stems of Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., and the roots of Aristolochia fangchi Y. C. Wu ex L. D. Chou et S. M. Hwang. A total of five AAs and three ALs were identified by co-chromatography of sample extract and comparing the retention time, UV spectra, and characteristic molecular ions and fragment ions with those of authentic standards, or tentatively identified by MS/MS determination along with Mass Fragment software. Moreover, the method was validated for the simultaneous quantification or semi-quantification of them. The samples significantly differed in the quality and quantity of AA analogues, which allowed the possibility of showing their chemical distinctness, and it might be helpful in their standardization and quality control. Furthermore, in order to holistically compare the difference between the five Aristolochiaceaeplants, dataset obtained from UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS was processed with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).     

国产马兜铃属的植物和生药研究:资源利用

在全国调查的基础上,对我国马兜铃属18种药用植物的原植物,进行分类鉴定、薄层比较,并分析18种马兜铃属植物的根(或根茎)中马兜铃总酸的含量。     

Scorpion antivenom effect of micropropagated Aristolochia elegans

Aristolochia elegans Mast. (Aristolochiaceae) has been used to treat scorpion envenoming in Mexican traditional medicine. In vitro studies of the pharmacological activity of raw extracts from A. elegans roots have shown activity against scorpion bite. The aim of the present study was to determine for the first time the antagonistic effect of hexane and methanol extracts of the aerial parts and roots from micropropagated A. elegans plants in a model of isolated guinea-pig ileum contracted by scorpion bite. Results showed that the methanol extracts of aerial organs (74%) and roots (65%) of micropropagated plants have a similar antitoxin activity against scorpion poisoning to hexane extracts of wild plants (65%). These results suggest that using methanol extracts from the micropropagated plant material instead of wild plant root extracts from A. elegans is an alternative for treatment against scorpion bite symptoms, and will contribute to the conservation of this medicinal species.     

Thermoanalytical,chemical and principal component analysis of plant drugs

Thermal decomposition and elemental content of commercial raw plant materials used in medicine-roots, rhizomes and bark originating from different medicinal plant species were analyzed. The thermal decomposition was performed using the derivatograph. The content of non-metallic (N, P, S, Cl, I and B) and metallic (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) elements was determined by spectrophotometric techniques after previous mineralization of samples. In order to obtain more clear classification of the analyzed plant materials principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. Interpretation of PCA results for three databases (thermoanalytical, non-metals and metals data sets) allows the statement that samples of roots, rhizomes and bark from the same plant species in majority of cases are characterized by similar elemental composition and similar course of their thermal decomposition. In this way the differences in general chemical composition of medicinal plants raw materials can be determined.     

广西莪术的叶、根茎和块根中挥发油GC-MS对比分析

目的：对广西莪术叶中挥发油成分进行系统的分析,并与其传统的用药部位块根和根茎的挥发油成分对比,寻找广西莪术叶作为代替性药材的可能性,尽可能的扩大广西莪术的药用部位,提高广西莪术整株植物的经济效益。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,运用GC/MS方法比较叶与根茎,块根的化学成分及其各成分的相对百分含量。结果：从广西莪术叶中分离得到38个色谱峰,鉴定出26种成分。结论：首次从广西莪术叶中鉴定出26种挥发性成分,叶中所含成分与根茎、块根的差别较大,但也含有部分抗肿瘤成分。     

广西岑王老山自然保护区抗菌药用植物资源

目的：探明岑王老山自然保护区的抗菌药用植物资源。方法：文献综合法。结果：保护区共有抗菌药用植物39种，其中43．59％的药用植物可以抗菌5种以上，如金银花（Lonicerajaponica）、铁仔（Mysm Pafricana）、紫花地丁（Voila yedoensis）等；48．72％的药用植物能抗菌2～4种，如大青（Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum）、鱼腥草（Houttuynia cordata）、夏枯草（Prunellanella vulgaris）等；79．49％的药用植物的入药部位为全草（株）、根或块根，如肿节风（Sarcandra glabra）、了哥王（Wikstroemia indica）、紫萁（Osmunda japonica）。结论：保护区抗菌药用植物的抗菌谱广，具有良好的开发前景，但是要注意适度开采，做到可持续利用。     

HPLC指纹图谱法研究峨眉黄连与三角叶黄连

目的建立三角叶黄连Coptis deltoidea和峨眉黄连Coptis omeinsis的根茎、根、叶的高效液相指纹图谱。方法采用HPLC-DAD法测定峨眉黄连、三角叶黄连及黄连的根茎、根和叶中小檗碱的含量及各部位的指纹图谱,用指纹图谱相似度评价方法综合比较黄连药材的差异。结果从化学组分及各组分含量的相似度综合比较,同一分布区域内的3种黄连中,峨眉黄连与三角叶黄连更相似,同为雅连使用有一定的依据。结论所用方法简便、重复性好,可用于黄连属植物的化学组分与种间鉴别的比较依据。     

Constituents from the stem and root of Aristolochia kaempferi

Three new phenanthrene derivatives, aristoliukine-C, aristofolin-E and aristolochic acid-Ia methyl ester, and one new sesquiterpene, madolin-P, together with 58 known compounds were isolated from the stem and root of Aristolochia kaempferi. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectral analysis. The cytotoxicity and antiplatelet activity of the isolated compounds are also discussed.     

Studies on the molecular markers of rhizomes of some Alpinia species

The rhizomes of Alpinia jianganfeng are used as a traditional Chinese medicine, Jian Gan Feng, to cure rheumatism in Guangdong, China. The rhizomes of some other species of the genus Alpinia such as A. japonica, A. suishaensis and A. nanchuanensis are also used as Jian Gan Feng in Southwest China. However, the identification of the original plants of the crude drugs is difficult. The internal transcribed spacers and the 5.8S coding region of nuclear ribosomal DNA of the four species were sequenced and analyzed. The DNA markers have been determined and they can be used for the molecular identification of these medicinal plants.     

Determination of aristolochic acid I and II in North American species of Asarum and Aristolochia

Wild ginger, Asarum canadense, which has folk uses as a medicinal and food plant, has been reported to contain aristolochic acid I. Rhizomes of North American species of Aristolochiaceae were surveyed for the presence of aristolochic acids by HPLC. Aristolochic acid I (1) and aristolochic acid II (2) were present in Aristolochia species and Hexastylis; 1 alone was detected in multiple accessions of A. canadense and Asarum caudatum, though not in Asarum wagneri. Concentrations in A. canadense were highly variable, reaching as much as 0.037 percent of dry weight.