副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建跟骨内移截骨术治疗与副舟骨相关的平足症

 目的 探讨副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建跟骨内移截骨术治疗与副舟骨相关的平足症的临床疗效。方法 2009年3月至2011年10月,采用副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建跟骨内移截骨术治疗与副舟骨相关的平足症13例(16足),男4例,女9例;年龄18～64 岁,平均41.3岁。单足10例,双足3例;均有明显的跟骨外翻。术后以美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足评分评估后足功能,于X线片上测量足弓高度、跟骨倾斜角(CI)、距跟角(TC)、距骨-第一跖骨角(TMT)。结果 13例均获得随访,随访时间12~31个月,平均16.8个月。术后6个月时11例(13足)无任何疼痛,2例(3足)有长距离行走后足部疼痛。术后随访时AOFAS评分从术前(52.4±6.4)分提高至(88.1±2.8)分;负重侧位X线片上足弓高度从(3.8±0.3) mm提高至(12.0±1.1) mm,CI从9.5°±1.1°提高至20.1°±1.5°,TC从47.3°±2.5°改善至32.3°±2.5°,TMT从17.6°±1.6°改善至6.8°±1.0°;负重正位X线片上TC从39.5°±2.3°改善至26.2°±2.0°,TMT从15.2°±1.7°改善至6.3°±1.0°;轴位X线片上跟骨外翻角从11.3°±1.4°改善至4.2°±2.0°。结论 对与副舟骨相关的平足症的治疗,当存在后足外翻畸形时,副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建跟骨内移截骨术可以明显缓解疼痛,有效矫正畸形,近期疗效良好。     

改良Kidner手术联合HyProCure治疗副舟骨源性平足症疗效观察

目的探讨改良Kidner手术联合HyProCure距下关节稳定器治疗副舟骨源性平足症的初期治疗效果。方法 2014年12月至2016年10月,收治副舟骨源性平足症患者17例(24足),均经过半年以上的保守治疗后疼痛症状无缓解,其中男6例(8足),女11例(16足);年龄11～17岁,平均13.5岁。美国矫形足踝协会(American orthopaedic foot and ankle society,AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分为(71.7±4.3)分,术前视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)为(5.54±0.93)分。术前检查为Ⅱ型副舟骨伴后足轻度外翻畸形,足弓高度有不同程度降低。术中均切除副舟骨,置入HyProCure距下关节稳定器,使用带线锚钉重建胫后肌腱。8例联合行经皮跟腱延长,7例联合行腓肠肌松解,5例同时行弹簧韧带紧缩。于侧位X线片上测量距骨第1跖骨角(Meary's角)、跟骨倾斜角(Pitch角),正位X线片上测量距舟覆盖角(talocal caneal angle,TCA)、距骨跟骨角(Kite角),采用AOFAS踝与后足功能评分及VAS评分评价临床疗效。结果术后17例(24足)患者均获随访,随访时间7～23个月,平均13.6个月。侧位X线片上的距骨第1跖骨角、跟骨倾斜角,正位X线片上的距舟覆盖角、距骨跟骨角均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时AOFAS评分及VAS评分与术前比较明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良Kidner手术联合HyProCure距下关节稳定器治疗副舟骨源性平足症,能有效纠正平足畸形,恢复足部功能,并发症少,但远期疗效有待进一步随访。     

副舟骨源性平足症的手术治疗策略

副舟骨源性平足症是临床常见的足部畸形之一,目前其治疗方法存在较多争议,不同手术方法临床疗效差异较大,针对副舟骨源性平足症的外科治疗尚无统一标准,围绕副舟骨切除后如何重塑足弓产生了一系列手术方法,不同术式产生的临床疗效亦不尽相同,如何制定手术策略,选择手术方式,以及副舟骨切除后是否需要重建胫后肌腱,如何重建,采用何种方式重建等问题是目前研究的热点和难点,期待更进一步的研究。     

骨与软组织联合手术治疗伴有痛性副舟骨的柔软性平足症

目的:探讨骨与软组织联合手术治疗伴有痛性副舟骨的柔软性平足症的短期临床疗效。方法:自2015年5月至2017年8月,采用骨与软组织联合手术(腓肠肌松解术、跟骨內移截骨、副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建术)治疗16例(16足)伴有痛性副舟骨的柔软性平足症患者,其中男9例(9足),女7例(7足);年龄22～48(32.0±3.4)岁,病程6～60(28±20)个月。观察患者手术并发症,比较术前及术后12个月距舟覆盖角、距骨第1跖骨角、足弓高度、跟骨倾斜角及跟骨外翻角的变化情况,并于术后12个月时采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)及美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足评分进行疼痛缓解程度及功能的评价。结果:16例患者获得随访,时间13～25(18.4±3.5)个月。术后患者伤口均甲级愈合,未发生伤口感染、骨折不愈合或延迟愈合、内固定断裂或松动等并发症。术后12个月患者足部内侧疼痛消失,运动能力得到恢复。术前负重足侧位X线片足弓高度、跟骨倾斜角、距骨第1跖骨角(21.51±1.20)°、(10.71±1.52)°、(15.61±1.41)°与术后12个月(31.01±1.62)°、(22.12±2.11)°、(5.10±1.20)°比较差异有统计学意义;负重足正位X线片示距舟覆盖角、距骨第1跖骨角(36.12±2.21)°、(13.41±1.51)°与术后12个月(22.12±2.61)°、(4.30±0.91)°比较差异有统计学意义;术前负重跟骨轴位X线片示跟骨外翻角(10.80±1.21)°与术后12个月(3.92±1.81)°比较差异有统计学意义。术后12个月VAS评分较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义[(1.82±0.56)vs (6.21±2.31),t=2.64,P0.05];术后12个月AOFAS评分87.1±4.7较术前51.2±5.6明显提高(t=3.43,P0.05),其中优12例,良3例,差1例。结论:采用骨与软组织联合手术即腓肠肌松解术、跟骨內移截骨、副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建术治疗伴有痛性副舟骨的柔软性平足症的患者能够明显缓解足部疼痛,改善足部外观,提高患者足部功能,手术疗效确切。     

跟骨外侧柱延长(LCL)联合胫后肌重建治疗合并疼痛性副舟骨柔韧性平足症的临床疗效

[目的]评估跟骨外侧柱延长(LCL)副舟骨切除胫后肌止点重建治疗疼痛性副舟骨柔韧性平足症的临床疗效。[方法]2010年1月~2014年12月,回顾性分析21例疼痛性副舟骨柔韧性平足症患者,男15例,女6例,年龄26~72岁,平均35岁。比较术前和终末随访的跟骨高度、跟骨倾斜角、距骨第一跖骨角及足踝功能评分,评估功能(AOFAS)。[结果]平均随访34.20个月(12~30个月),前足外展、后足外翻畸形获得纠正,所有患者对临床效果满意,术后6个月疼痛消失。所有病例均切口一期愈合,没有感染和神经损伤者,跟骨外侧柱延长植骨愈合。无足外侧并发症。术前和末次随访X线片各种测量参数均得到明显改善,P<0.001。AOFAS评分从术前的(49.50±4.30)分提高至末次随访(93.60±1.90)分,P<0.001。[结论]跟骨外侧柱延长(LCL)、副舟骨切除、胫后肌止点重建是治疗疼痛性副舟骨柔韧性平足症的有效的方法。     

副舟骨切除联合胫后肌腱重建治疗儿童疼痛性副舟骨中期疗效

目的探讨副舟骨切除联合胫后肌腱止点重建术治疗儿童疼痛性足副舟骨的中期疗效。方法回顾分析本院自2013年1月至2017年10月采取副舟骨切除联合胫后肌腱止点重建治疗儿童疼痛性足副舟骨11例(20足)患儿资料。其中,男性5例,女性6例;手术年龄平均(11.81±1.40)岁。术前、末次随访以美国足踝外科协会(American orthopaedic foot and ankle society,AOFAS)中足功能评分标准和疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)进行疗效评价。结果所有病例均获随访,平均随访(11.21±3.78)个月。所有病例均愈合,AOFAS中足功能评分术前(70.54±7.47)分,术后末次随访时(90.45±2.76)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。其中,优10例,良1例,优良率100%。VAS评分术前(4.36±1.28)分,术后末次随访时为(0.27±0.46)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。足内弓角术前为(116.27±3.34)°,末次随访时为(116.13±3.17)°,P0.05。Meary角术前为(5.27±2.41)°,末次随访为(5.09±2.07)°,P0.05。Pitch角术前为(20.54±3.98)°,末次随访为(20.09±3.70)°,P0.05。距跟角术前为(22.45±3.61)°,末次随访为(21.81±3.34)°,P0.05。所有患儿均能参加正常的体育活动,足的运动功能不受限。结论副舟骨切除联合胫后肌腱重建治疗儿童疼痛性副舟骨可以取得较满意的临床效果。     

跟骨截骨联合改良Kidner手术治疗副舟骨源性平足症

目的通过临床及影像学的结果评估跟骨内移截骨术结合改良Kidner手术治疗副舟骨源性平足症的临床疗效。方法自2014年1月至2015年12月,我科收治19例(25足)经6个月以上保守治疗无效的副舟骨源性平足症患者,其中男7例9足,女12例16足;年龄18～52岁,平均(33.2±9.8)岁。患者均为柔韧性平足,伴有不同程度的平足及跟骨外翻畸形,术中切除副舟骨行胫后肌腱止点带线锚钉重建术。术前及末次随访患足采用Maryland功能评分及VAS疼痛评分评定。术前及随访拍摄足负重正侧位X线片并记录负重侧位X线片跟骨倾斜角(Pitch)、跟距角(Kite)及距骨第1跖骨角(Meary's);负重正位X线片的距舟覆盖角(TCA)、距骨第1跖骨角(T1M1)的改变。结果术后19例(25足)患者均获随访,随访时间14～36个月,平均随访时间(23.6±7.1)个月。末次随访时患足Maryland功能评分为(92.1±2.1)分,VAS疼痛评分为(0.7±0.9)分,较术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后负重侧位X线片跟骨倾斜角(Pitch)、跟距角(Kite)及距骨第1跖骨角(Meary's),负重正位X线片的距舟覆盖角(TCA)、距骨第1跖骨角(T1M1)与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后患者切口均为Ⅰ期愈合,无内固定相关并发症发生,患者末次随防足部疼痛均消失,平足畸形明显改善。结论采用跟骨内移截骨术结合改良Kidner手术治疗副舟骨源性平足症可有效纠正平足畸形,术后患足功能恢复好,并发症少。     

副舟骨切除加胫后肌腱转位术在合并扁平足的副舟骨疼痛综合征中的临床应用

目的 探讨副舟骨切除加胫后肌腱转位术在治疗合并扁平足的副舟骨疼痛综合征中的临床疗效.方法 对21例经半年以上保守治疗无效的合并扁平足的副舟骨疼痛综合征患者行副舟骨切除加胫后肌腱转位术.结果 术后随访19例,时间6～30个月.患者疼痛症状明显好转,足部外观改善.应用Maryland足部评分标准,由术前平均(57.6±6.8)分提高至术后平均(84.2±5.1)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 副舟骨切除加胫后肌腱转位术治疗合并扁平足的副舟骨疼痛综合征近期疗效明显.     

单纯副舟骨切除术治疗足副舟骨疼痛综合征

目的：观察及评价单纯副舟骨切除术治疗足副舟骨疼痛综合征的临床疗效。方法：从2006年11月至2008年12月,收治足副舟骨疼痛综合征患者23例25足,全部采用单纯副舟骨切除术治疗,其中男14例,女9例;年龄8～35岁,平均14.6岁;病程6个月～12年。主要症状是跑步或行走后足疼痛,多为间歇性,查体足舟骨粗隆处异常突起伴压痛,X线或CT检查发现副舟骨存在。治疗是以足副舟骨为中心做一长约2cm弧形切口,剖开或部分切断胫后肌腱,暴露出副舟骨并切除,明显突起的舟骨隆突部分咬除和修整,胫后肌腱均予修复。术后佩戴内翻位支具2周扶双拐不负重行走,2周后逐渐弃拐负重,3个月内避免剧烈跑跳运动。有残留症状者结合理疗和足弓垫支撑垫等处理措施。术后随访评估患者症状缓解程度及活动恢复情况。结果：所有病例术后随访3～18个月,平均12个月。症状完全消失21足,大部分缓解4足（其中3足合并轻度扁平足,1足合并陈旧扭伤）。平均住院5d,无切口感染,均恢复日常生活和工作。结论：单纯副舟骨切除术治疗足副舟骨疼痛综合征,对胫后肌腱损伤小,不干扰足底内侧纵弓,术后无须长时间制动,住院时间短,创伤小,临床疗效较好,特别适合无扁平足及陈旧足外伤患者。     

足副舟骨疼痛综合征继发ⅡA期胫后肌肌腱功能不全的手术治疗

[目的]探讨足副舟骨疼痛综合征继发ⅡA期胫后肌肌腱功能不全的手术治疗.[方法] 2005年10月～2010年2月,对16例足副舟骨疼痛综合征继发ⅡA期胫后肌肌腱功能不全的患者施行副舟骨切除+趾((躅))长屈肌腱转移术.男5例,女11例;年龄15 ～27岁,平均23.5岁.右足7例,左足9例.Ⅰ型副舟骨4例,Ⅱ型副舟骨9例,Ⅲ型副舟骨3例,发病至手术时间为6～24个月,平均8.5个月.所有患者均根据美国足踝外科协会(american orthopodics foot and ankle society,AOFAS)的足与踝关节评分法进行术前、术后相关评估.[结果]术后16例获随访12 ～66个月,平均28.6个月.手术前后负重位X线片测量相关特异性指标,手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).其中侧位距跟角平均减少9.6°,前后位距跟角平均减少8.8°,侧位第1跖距角平均减少11.9°,跟骨倾斜角平均增加7.4°,距舟覆盖角平均减少5.4°.AOFAS(ankle - hindfoot scale)评分:总评术前为(48.26±2.08)分,术后为(84.56±1.86)分.其中疼痛指数:术前为12.57 ±2.06,术后为37.50±2.48;足踝关节功能指数:术前为23.32±2.81,术后为38.60±1.69;踝-后足对线指数:术前为4.60±0.6,术后为7.40±1.06.手术前后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).特别是在缓解足和踝部疲劳感、疼痛及正常穿鞋方面改善明显.[结论]足副舟骨疼痛综合征继发ⅡA期胫后肌肌腱功能不全的患者施行副舟骨切除+趾((躅))长屈肌腱转移术,短期效果良好,但远期疗效有待于临床进一步观察.     

改良Kidner手术联合肌腱镜治疗痛性副舟骨

目的:探讨改良Kidner手术联合肌腱镜治疗痛性副舟骨的临床疗效.方法:2014年2月至2019年4月,收治19例经6个月以上保守治疗无效的痛性副舟骨患者,男13例,女6例;年龄14～58(25.9±10.9)岁;均为单侧发病.出现疼痛至入院时间6～60个月.所有患者给予副舟骨切除联合带线锚钉重建胫后肌腱,并应用肌腱镜...     

Clinical outcome of surgical treatment of the symptomatic accessory navicular

BACKGROUND: When conservative treatment fails to provide relief for a symptomatic accessory navicular, surgical intervention may be necessary. Numerous studies have been published, reporting the results of the traditional Kidner procedure and alternative surgical techniques, all of which produce mostly satisfactory clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical results, utilizing the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Midfoot Scale, of surgical management for symptomatic accessory navicular with simple excision and anatomic repair of the tibialis posterior tendon. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the results of 13 consecutive patients (14 feet) who underwent surgical treatment for symptomatic accessory navicular. The patients ranged in age from 16 to 64 years (average, 34.1 years; mean, 28.2 years) at the time of surgery. All patients had a type II accessory navicular. The average follow-up of the patients involved in the study was 103.4 months (range, 45-194 months). The AOFAS Midfoot Scale was utilized to determine both preoperative and postoperative clinical status of the 14 feet included in the study. RESULTS: The average preoperative AOFAS score was 48.2 (range, 20-75; mean, 38.8). The average postoperative AOFAS score was 94.5 (range, 83-100; mean, 94.3). At last follow-up, 13 of 14 feet were without any pain, no patients had activity limitations, and only two of 14 feet required shoe insert modification. Postoperatively, no patients had a clinically notable change in their preoperative midfoot longitudinal arch alignment. All of the patients in the study were satisfied with the outcome of their surgery and would undergo the same operation again under similar circumstances. CONCLUSIONS: When conservative measures fail to relieve the symptoms of a painful accessory navicular, simple excision of the accessory navicular and anatomic repair of the posterior tibialis tendon is a successful intervention. Overall, the procedure provides reliable pain relief and patient satisfaction. In the current study, the clinical status of each patient improved significantly postoperatively, quantified utilizing the AOFAS Midfoot Scale.     

The accessory navicular synchondrosis

The accessory navicular, which is considered an anatomic variant, may be the source of pain in athletes. There are three types of accessory naviculars: Type I is an ossicle in the substance of the posterior tibial tendon; Type II forms a synchondrosis with the navicular; and Type III, "the cornuate navicular," represents the possible end stage of Type II. Nine feet had Type II accessory naviculars. The pull of the posterior tibial tendon, the degree of foot pronation, and the location of the accessory navicular in relation to the undersurface of the navicular are factors that produce tension, shear, and/or compression forces on the synchondrosis of Type II accessory naviculars and cause microscopic changes of injury and repair similar to those observed with a physeal fracture. Such alterations are not always visible on roentgenograms but are usually detected by 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (99mTcMDP) scans. Initially, nonsurgical treatment with orthotics or casts should be attempted, but if this is unsuccessful, surgical treatment is recommended. Surgical treatment consists of excision of the accessory navicular with its synchondrosis, without transposition of the posterior tibial tendon.     

The relationship of the accessory navicular to the development of the flat foot

The Kidner procedure has been the most frequently recommended form of surgical treatment for the painful accessory navicular. This formal relocation of the posterior tibial tendon is said to restore the dynamic balance to the foot which is lost when the posterior tibial tendon gives an abnormal insertion into the accessory ossicle. The literature was reviewed to ascertain what is known or what is believed about the accessory navicular and the role of the posterior tibial tendon in the support of the longitudinal arch of the foot. Eighteen patients who had simple excision of the accessory navicular were reviewed to assess the success of such a procedure. In follow-up they all had very satisfactory results. A second group of 208 patients with non-traumatic foot complaints were reviewed to determine the incidence of accessory navicular and its association with the flat foot. Twenty-nine cases of previously undetected accessory navicular were identified in this group giving us a total of 179 patients without accessory navicular and 49 patients with accessory navicular available for study. There was no significant difference between the arch in these 2 groups of patients. Based on the findings in this study, the accessory navicular plays no role in the development of a flat foot. Simple excision of the prominent ossicle seems to be the surgical procedure of choice when conservative means of management fail.     

Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy with Posterior Tibial Tendon Reconstruction for the Flexible Flatfoot with Symptomatic Accessory Navicular

We investigated the clinical outcomes after medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy with reconstruction of the posterior tibial tendon insertion on the navicular, in patients with flexible flatfoot with accessory navicular symptoms. From December 2008 to July 2011, 16 patients (21 feet) with a flexible flatfoot, symptomatic accessory navicular, and obvious heel valgus underwent medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy and reconstruction with posterior tibial tendon insertion on the navicular bone. The patients were evaluated preoperatively, 6 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and every 6 months thereafter. The clinical examination was undertaken using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle and midfoot scores. The radiologic assessments included the arch height, calcaneus inclination angle, talocalcaneal angle, and talar first metatarsal angle on the lateral weightbearing radiograph. The talocalcaneal angle and talar first metatarsal angle was assessed on the anteroposterior view of the weightbearing foot. Heel valgus alignment was assessed on the axial hindfoot radiographs. The mean follow-up duration was 28.5 months (range 18 to 48). All patients were satisfied with the clinical results and were pain free 6 months postoperatively. No cases of wound infection or nerve injury developed. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved from 53.3 ± 6.5 to 90.8 ± 1.4 at the last follow-up visit (p < .01). The improvements in all radiographic parameters were statistically significant between the preoperative and last follow-up examinations (p < .01). The heel valgus of all patients was corrected. Our results have shown that medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy with reconstruction of the posterior tibial tendon insertion on the navicular bone is an effective treatment of flexible flatfoot with symptomatic accessory navicular, associated with excellent clinical outcomes and correction of the deformity.     

Tibialis posterior tendon abnormalities in feet with accessory navicular bone and flatfoot

To assess tibialis posterior tendon (TPT) pathology, we investigated 27 feet with the accessory navicular bone and 22 normal feet by MRI. We found two major anatomical differences in the feet with the accessory navicular bone; the TPT directly inserted in the accessory navicular bone, without any continuity to the sole of the foot or with a slip, less than 1 mm in thickness, and there was a mass with the density of fibrocartilage tissue, between the tendon and the bone in 20/27 feet. These abnormalities were not detected in the control group. 3 patients in the study group were operated on and the MRI findings were confirmed. These findings suggest that patients with the accessory navicular bone and flatfoot should be examined by MRI for insertion abnormalities of the TPT.     

Tibialis posterior tendon abnormalities in feet with accessory navicular bone and flatfoot

To assess tibialis posterior tendon (TPT) pathology, we investigated 27 feet with the accessory navicular bone and 22 normal feet by MRI. We found two major anatomical differences in the feet with the accessory navicular bone; the TPT directly inserted in the accessory navicular bone, without any continuity to the sole of the foot or with a slip, less than 1 mm in thickness, and there was a mass with the density of fibrocartilage tissue, between the tendon and the bone in 20/ 27 feet. These abnormalities were not detected in the control group. 3 patients in the study group were operated on and the MRI findings were confirmed. These findings suggest that patients with the accessory navicular bone and flatfoot should be examined by MRI for insertion abnormalities of the TPT.