肝动脉及部分脾动脉栓塞治疗肝癌伴脾功能亢进

目的 观察采用肝动脉栓塞化疗联合部分脾动脉栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并脾功能亢进的疗效。方法 原发性肝癌伴肝硬化脾功能亢进患者３４例,采用经皮穿刺肝动脉插管化疗栓塞及脾动脉部分栓塞治疗,治疗前后测肝功,免疫指标,外周血及Ｂ超,ＣＴ等。结果 术后ＣＴ随访显示肝脏瘤体缩小２４例,占７０．５８％,其中缩小５０％以上占１３例,２例治疗后行二期手术切除;脾脏栓塞后ＣＴ复查缩小最大３４．７％,最小２０．６％,治疗后     

部分脾栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进症

目的探讨部分脾栓塞术(Partial Splenic Embolization,PSE)治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进症的临床疗效及其并发症的防治。方法126例肝硬化并发门脉高压及脾功能亢进症患者,采用Seldinger技术行PSE,用明胶海绵作栓塞剂。术前、后定期复查血常规,测定脾脏长径、厚度及门脉主干及脾静脉内径,观察并发症。结果栓塞面积<30%者8例;30%～60%者66例;60%～80%者42例;>80%者10例。除8例栓塞面积<30%者外,术后患者的外周血细胞均逐步上升,术后1周患者WBC(×109·L-1)、PLT(×109·L-1)、HGB(×g·L-1)分别为7.58±4.52、76.35±28.47、98.36±15.72(P<0.01,vs术前白细胞2.57±0.62、血小板36.63±8.42,P>0.05vs术前血红蛋白96.58±13.46)。术后1月患者的WBC、PLT及HGB分别为4.48±0.86,91.49±38.20及124.46±30.84(P<0.01,vs术前的WBC、PLT及HGB)。术后3～6月超声测定118例脾脏长径、厚度(cm)分别为14.32±3.26,5.68±1.12(P<0.05,vs术前的17.42±2.65,7.54±2.14)。栓塞面积<30%者无并发症,栓塞面积30%～60%者4例(4/66)发生并发症;栓塞面积60%～80%者27例(27/42)发生并发症;栓塞面积大于>80%者均出现并发症(10/10)。并发症包括胸水、腹水、顽固性呃逆、左下肺炎、脾脓肿、脾囊肿、门脉血栓、膈下脓肿等。并发症的发生率及严重程度与脾脏栓塞的面积密切相关(P<0.01)。结论PSE能有效缓解肝硬化患者的脾功能亢进症,掌握合适的栓塞面积可减少并发症的发生率,术前充分准备、术后加强抗炎及对症处理可减少或减轻并发症的发生。     

微导管和聚乙烯醇在部分脾栓塞中的应用

目的:评价超选择插管和聚乙烯醇颗粒技术在部分脾栓塞临床应用中的价值.方法:肝硬化合并门静脉高压伴脾功能亢进患者80例,采用超选择插管至脾动脉分支,行部分脾栓塞.每例患者共接受1-3次栓塞.栓塞材料是聚乙烯醇(polyvinylalcohol,PVA)微粒,直径300-500μm.收集每次栓塞前、后资料,包括症状、体征、外周血象、CT、上消化道内镜所见等,经统计学处理后进行分析.结果:共进行105次部分脾栓塞,其中15例作了第二次栓塞,5例作第三次栓塞.栓塞范围40%-70%,并且有83次栓塞后出现发热,持续3-30d.83次出现腹痛,其中26次需用强效止痛药.5例少量胸腔积液,经保守治疗后吸收.未出现脾脓肿等并发症.术后24h外周血白细胞、血小板计数开始升高(P<0.05).栓塞后3mo内,78例白细胞维持在正常水平,79例BPC维持在正常范围.栓塞后食欲、体能改善,胃底食管静脉曲张程度减轻,随访期间未发现上消化道大出血者.结论:部分脾栓塞治疗脾功能亢进,能减轻门静脉高压,降低上消化道大出血发生率,有效改善血象,提高机体免疫力和生活质量.     

Total embolization of the main splenic artery as a supplemental treatment modality for hypersplenism

AIM:To study the safety and feasibility of total embolization of the main splenic artery as a supplemental treatment modality for hypersplenism with thrombocytopenia or leukocytopenia accompanying liver cirrhosis.METHODS:Fifteen consecutive patients with hypersplenism due to cirrhosis were enrolled in this study from January 2006 to June 2010.All patients underwent total embolization of the main splenic artery.Clinical symptoms,white blood cell(WBC) and platelet(PLT) counts,splenic volume,and complications ...     

Partial embolization as re-treatment of hypersplenism after unsuccessful splenic artery ligation

Ligation of splenic artery(LSA) is used for the treatment of liver cirrhosis with hypersplenism. However, hypersplenism is not significantly improved following LSA treatment in some cases, and there are few reports of retreatment of hypersplenism after LSA. We report the case of a47-year-old man with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism who underwent LSA treatment, but did not significantly improve. Laboratory tests revealed severe leukocytopeniaand thrombocytopenia. Celiac computed tomography arteriogram and digital subtraction angiography revealed two compensatory arteries connected to the hilar splenic artery from the left gastro-epiploic artery and from the dorsal pancreatic artery. Partial splenic embolization(PSE) was performed through the compensatory arteries. As a result, the patient achieved partial splenic ischemic infarction, and white blood cell and platelet counts rose and remained in the normal range. PSE is an effective therapeutic modality for the retreatment of hypersplenism when other modalities have failed.     

脾动脉栓塞术对肝癌伴脾亢患者免疫功能的影响

目的:研究脾切除及部分脾动脉栓塞术(PSE)对肝癌伴脾亢患者免疫功能的影响.方法:前瞻性研究肝癌合并脾亢的患者69例,全部经过影像学及实验室检查证实为肝癌合并脾亢,随机分为两组,其中PSE组37例,脾切除组32例.PSE组实施肝癌介入治疗同时行PSE(双介入)治疗,脾切除组实施肝癌介入治疗同时行外科切脾.观察两组术前术后的外周血象、免疫系统指标及临床症状体征的变化.结果:在PSE组.术后测WBC、PLT,与术前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);术后测RBC与术前相比无显著差异(P>0.05).在脾切除组,术后测WBC、PLT,与术前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);术后测RBC与术前相比无显著差异(P>0.05).术前测PSE组与脾切除组的CD4+、CD4+/CD8+,两组问无显著差异,术后7 d、术后28 d测CD4+,两组间有显著差异(t=16.063,9.409、P<0.05).术后7 d、术后28 d测CD4+/CD8+,两组间有显著差异(t=2.060,2.228,P<0.05).在PSE组,术后测CD4+、CD4+/CD8+分别与术前比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.05).在脾切除组,术后测CD4+、CD4+/CD8+分别与术前比较,均无显著性差异(P>0.05).两组病例术后并发症(发热、腹痛、腹水、胸腔积液)发生率的比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:PSE与传统脾切除术相比,有操作简单、并发症少、术后细胞免疫功能改善等优点,取得了更好的临床治疗效果.     

Short-term portal hemodynamic effects of partial splenic embolization for hypersplenism

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of partial splenic embolization (PSE) for hypersplenism on portal hemodynamics and liver function. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-seven patients with hypersplenism were included in this study. RESULTS: The wedged hepatic venous pressure before and after PSE were 39 +/- 10 and 33 +/- 8 cmH2O, respectively, showing significant change (p < 0.01). The flow volumes of the splenic vein before and after PSE were 477 +/- 200 and 319 +/-187 mL/min, respectively, also showing significant change (p < 0.05). However, the flow volumes of the portal vein before and after PSE were 713 +/- 284 and 684 +/- 152 mL/min, respectively, showing no significant change. The blood laboratory parameters showed no significant change after PSE. PSE damaged neither the portal blood flow volume nor the liver function, although it improved the local hyperdynamic state in the splenic area and thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, PSE is a safe and effective treatment for hypersplenism from the portal hemodynamic point of view.     

Transradial approach for partial splenic embolization in patients with hypersplenism

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transradial vascular intervention for heart disease has been expanding recently because it is less invasive, but this approach has only been used to treat abdominal disease at a few institutions. Since 2000, we have performed partial splenic embolization (PSE) via the transradial approach with the aim of achieving the least invasive procedure possible. METHODOLOGY: During the past five years, transradial abdominal angiography was performed in 426 patients and eight of them (two men and six women undergoing PSE for LC) were included in this study. They ranged from 48 years to 72 years in age, consisting of three patients in Child class A and five in Child class B. To perform transradial partial splenic embolization, a 4-Fr sheath was inserted in the left radial artery. Under fluoroscopy, intrasplenic branches of the splenic artery supplying about 60-70% of the parenchyma of the spleen were selected and embolized with a newly developed transradial catheter inserted along a guide wire running through the descending aorta. After treatment, the puncture site was compressed by applying a tourniquet. No restriction on movement of the lower or upper extremities is required and the patient is allowed to walk freely. RESULTS: Transradial embolization was successful in all 8 patients. The procedure required 70 minutes on average. The mean platelet count was 3.3x10(4)/microL before treatment, and it increased to 16.3x10(4) and 11.3x10(4)/microL after two weeks and three months, respectively. All patients suffered from fever and pain after treatment, which were treated conservatively. Occlusion of the radial artery, digital paralysis, or splenic abscess did not occur in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: This transcatheter technique facilitates hemostasis and requires neither shaving of hair nor insertion of a urinary catheter. In addition, no restriction on movement is needed after the procedure. Consequently, this minimally invasive transradial approach is highly satisfactory for patients and should become a first-line approach for PSE.     

经皮经肝食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞术联合部分脾栓塞术治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血

近年来,采用的经皮经肝食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞术(PTVE)联合部分脾栓塞术(PsE)治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,取得了较好的临床疗效. 一、资料与方法 1.病例来源:收集本院2007年4月-2008年5月行PTVE联合PSE治疗的肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张出血的患者33例.     

Role of partial splenic arterial embolization for hypersplenism in patients with liver cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia

Background  

Hypersplenism is traditionally treated by surgical splenectomy. Transcatheter ablation of splenic parenchyma is an alternative treatment modality.     

Proximal total splenic artery embolization for refractory hepatic encephalopathy

A Japanese woman with a history of Kasai operation for biliary atresia had living-donor liver transplantation at the age of 22. The first episode of refractory HE and late cellular rejection was treated by a high dose of methylprednisolone. The second episode of refractory HE was treated by balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for a spleno-renal shunt. However, the third episode of refractory HE occurred 11 years after liver transplantation. The liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism were present with a Child–Pugh score of C-10. Although portal vein flow was hepatopetal, superior mesenteric vein flow regurgitated. We performed proximal total splenic artery embolization (TSAE). Superior mesenteric vein flow changed to a hepatopetal direction and she became clear. At a year after proximal TSAE, her spleen volume had decreased to 589 mL (20% decrease) on computed tomography. She is well and has a Child–Pugh score of 8 without overt HE. We report the first case of refractory HE treated by proximal TSAE that is a possible less invasive treatment option for a selected patient.     

Combined treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with partial splenic embolization and transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization

AIM: To prospectively evaluate the effi cacy and safety of partial splenic embolization (PSE) combined with transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Fifty patients suffering from primary HCC associated with hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis were randomly assigned to 2 groups: group A receiving PSE combined with TACE (n = 26) and group B receiving TACE alone (n = 24). Follow-up examinations included calculation of peripheral blood cells (leukcytes, platelets and red blood cells) and treatment-associated complications. RESULTS: Prior to treatment, there was no signifi cant difference in sex, age, Child-Pugh grade, tumor diameter, mass pathology type and peripheral blood cell counts between the 2 groups. After treatment, leukocyte and platelet counts were significantly higher in group A during the 3-mo follow-up period (P < 0.05), but lower in group B (P < 0.05). Severe complications occurred in 3 patients (11.5%) of group A and in 19 patients (79.2%) of group B (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in symptoms of post-embolization syndrome, including abdominal pain, fever, mild nausea and vomiting between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: PSE combined with TACE is more effective and safe than TACE alone for patients with HCC associated with hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis.     

脾切除术与部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进近期疗效比较的Meta分析

目的系统评价部分脾动脉栓塞术(PSE)和脾切除术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的疗效。方法计算机检索2005年1月1日-2015年5月30日Medline、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、维普收录的评估PSE与脾切除术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进疗效的文献,文献纳入由两位研究者独立筛选,经过质量评价与数据提取后,采用Rev Man5.3进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入10篇对照研究,共638例患者。4项研究的合并分析结果显示术后1周PSE组对外周血小板的影响明显低于脾切除术组[加权均数差(WMD)=-65.71,95%可信区间(95%CI):-120.24~-11.18,P=0.02];而术后1个月两组差异无统计学意义(WMD=0.68,95%CI:-8.16~9.52,P=0.88);2项研究的合并分析结果显示术后1个月PSE组自然杀伤细胞的含量较脾切除术组高(WMD=6.03,95%CI:3.80~8.26,P0.001),且术后1年两组差异仍有统计学意义(WMD=3.60,95%CI:1.25~5.96,P=0.003);3项研究合并分析结果显示PSE组较脾切除术组住院治疗时间明显缩短(WMD=-2.52,95%CI:-3.36~-1.67,P0.001)。结论 PSE组术后血小板前期升高较脾切除术组缓和,而远期并无明显区别;PSE组在对术后维持患者持免疫系统的储备功能、缩短住院时间、减少并发症等方面有明显优势。     

栓塞介入治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的临床观察

我院自1998年至2003年，采用经皮经肝食管胃曲张静脉栓塞术（PTVE）联合部分性脾栓塞（PSE）进行治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血50例，现将观察结果报道如下。[第一段]     

Outcomes of partial splenic embolization in patients with massive splenomegaly due to idiopathic portal hypertension

AIM To determine the outcomes of partial splenic em-bolization(PSE) for massive splenomegaly due to idiopathic portal hypertension(IPH).METHODS In this prospective study, we evaluated the charac-teristics and prognosis of consecutive patients with IPH who underwent PSE for all indications at a single medical center between June 2009 and January 2015. The inclusion criteria were: presence of hypersplenism, massive splenomegaly, and resultant pancytopenia. The exclusion criteria were: presence of other diseases causing portal hypertension. During the post-PSE period, the patients were hospitalized. All patients underwent abdominal computed tomography imaging 4 wk post-PSE to determine total splenic and non-infarcted splenic volumes.RESULTS A total of 11 patients, with median age of 33.27 ± 4.8 years, were included in the study. Mean spleen size was 22.9 cm(21-28 cm), and severe hypersplenismwas diagnosed in all patients before PSE. Post-PSE, leukocyte and platelet counts increased significantly, reaching peak levels in the second week with gradual decreases thereafter. Liver function tests did not exhibit significant changes during post-intervention follow-up. All patients developed post-embolization syndrome, and one patient experienced serious complications; all complications were successfully treated with conservative therapy and no death occurred. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that PSE has a lower complication rate than previously-reported surgical complication rates, which supports this intervention as a viable alternative for high-risk operable patients with severe hypersplenism.     

Effect of partial splenic embolization on the immune function of cirrhosis patients with hypersplenism

Objective:To discover the effect of partial splenic embolization on the immune function of cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism.Methods:Patients involved in the study were enrolled and divided into three groups,including control group,experimental group,and complication group.Numbers of CD3~+,CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cells and CD4~+CD25~+CDl27~(low/-) Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients before surgery,1 month,6 months,1 year,and 2 years after surgery were analyzed by fluorescence active cell sorting(FACS).Contents of immunoglobulins(IgA,IgG and IgM) were analyzed by auto immunoassay analyzer.Results:In the peripheral blood of patients from experimental group,numbers of CD3~+,CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cells initially declined,but afterwards increased to normal level;in the peripheral blood of patients from complication group,CD3~+ and CD8~+ T cells showed the same trend,but the number of CD4~+ T cells was below normal level at all detection times.Furthermore,CD3~+,CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients from complication group were initially less than those in experimental group,and afterwards were comparable between two groups.In patients from both experimental group and complication group,the number of CD4~+CD25~+CDl27~(low/-)Treg cells increased 1 month and 6 months after surgery,and gradually restored to normal level.CD4~+CD25~+CDl27~(low/-)Treg cell counts in patients from complication group were initially more than those in patients from experimental group 1 month and 6 months after surgery,but then they were comparable.Furthermore,contents of immunoglobulins(IgA,IgG and IgM) were comparable in three groups at all detection times.Conclusion:Partial splenic embolization influenced the immune function of cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism in the short term but the immune function could afterwards gradually restore to normal.Our results implicated that measures that prevent infection and improve immune function were necessary in early stage after undergoing PSE in order to reduce complications.     

183例部分脾动脉栓塞的护理体会

目的探讨部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的护理方法。方法对183例肝硬化所致脾功能亢进患者采用Seldinger技术行部分性脾动脉栓塞,术前及术后给予精心护理。结果术后所有患者白细胞、血小板计数逐渐提升至正常水平,脾区疼痛的发生率为97．81％,发热发生率为86．34％,腹水发生率为15．85％,均于术后2周内恢复正常,且未出现脾脓肿等严重并发症。结论部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进疗效理想,方法安全。术前做好详细的病情评估及严格掌握适应证,术后重视病情观察和护理可减少并发症的发生。     

经皮经肝胃冠状静脉栓塞术联合脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张疗效观察

目的 观察经皮经肝胃冠状静脉栓塞术联合脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张的疗效.方法 12例经胃镜明确为食管胃底重度静脉曲张出血的肝硬化患者,择期行经皮经肝胃冠状静脉栓塞术及脾动脉栓塞术,术后定期胃镜检查,观察曲张静脉的动态变化.结果 术后即时食管胃底曲张静脉均消失;随访6～12个月曲张静脉基本消失6例,中度曲张3例,仍为重度曲张者3例,其中2例发生再出血,行胃镜下硬化剂治疗.结论 经皮经肝胃冠状静脉栓塞术联合脾动脉栓塞术是治疗肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张安全有效的方法.     

脾动脉栓塞治疗肝硬化继发脾脏功能亢进的临床效果观察

目的 探讨脾动脉栓塞术（PSE）治疗肝硬化继发脾脏功能亢进的临床效果.方法 选取我院肝硬化继发脾脏功能亢进患者80例,其中研究组48例,行脾动脉栓塞术;对照组32例,行脾脏切除术,比较两组患者的出血量、住院时间、术后恢复、并发症等.结果 与对照组比较,研究组患者的住院时间缩短、出血量减少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组患者术后不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）;PSE后脾局部梗死后门静脉内径减小,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 PSE治疗肝硬化继发脾脏功能亢进临床效果显著,微创易恢复,门静脉宽度变窄,门脉压力降低.