磁共振成像在直肠癌诊断中的价值

目的：评价磁共振成像（ MRI ）在直肠癌诊断中的价值。方法：回顾性分析20例经手术病理证实的直肠癌患者的MRI征象,并与术后病理结果对比,评价MRI对直肠癌灶、T分期、侧切缘（CRM）受累及区域淋巴结转移检出的准确性。结果：20例直肠癌患者21处癌灶,MRI癌灶检出率100％,T分期的准确性85％,错误分期3例,高估3例,侧切缘受累4例,高估1例,区域淋巴结正确分期65％,低估7例,MRI对直肠癌灶、T分期及侧切缘受累检出率高,区域淋巴结检出率不理想。结论：MRI对直肠癌术前评估对临床的进一步手术治疗有很大的指导意义。     

直肠灌水磁共振成像在直肠癌诊断及术前分期中的应用

目的:探讨直肠灌水磁共振成像(MRI)在直肠癌诊断及术前分期中的应用价值。方法:对32例临床拟诊直肠癌患者术前行直肠灌水MRI检查,每例患者均常规行横断面和矢状面T1WI、T2WI;10例患者加做直肠MRI水成像,观察肿瘤特征及周边浸润、淋巴结增大情况,并将检查结果与手术病理对照。结果:直肠灌水MRI扫描对直肠癌T分期总的诊断准确性为87.5%,≤T2、T3和T4期诊断准确性分别为78.6%、93.3%、100.0%;诊断淋巴结转移的敏感性为56.5%,特异性为98.4%;水成像能清楚显示直肠癌形态、大小、位置及肠腔狭窄程度。结论:直肠灌水MRI成像能较准确对直肠癌进行术前分期,有助于合理治疗方案的制定和预后评估,MRI水成像是常规扫描序列的补充。     

MRI对直肠癌术前分期的评价研究

目的探讨盆腔MRI对直肠癌术前分期的价值.方法50例疑诊直肠肿瘤的患者行盆腔MRI扫描,47例经结肠镜或手术病理证实为直肠癌,其中40例有手术、MRI等完整资料参与分期研究,将影像诊断结果与手术病理结果进行对照.结果MRI对直肠癌诊断的准确率为95.7%(45/47).MRI对判断T分期总的准确率为82.5%(33/40),T1～2期的准确率为69.2%(9/13),T3期的准确率为90.0%(18/20),T4期的准确率为85.7%(6/7),评价肿瘤浆膜外侵犯的准确性为92.6%(25/27).MRI对盆腔淋巴结转移的诊断准确率为63.2%(12/19).结论盆腔MRI对直肠癌的诊断和术前分期有较高的准确性,有助于判断肿瘤浆膜外浸润及区域淋巴结转移.     

直肠腔内超声与磁共振诊断直肠肿瘤的比较研究

目的 比较直肠腔内超声（endorectal ultrasound,ERUS）和磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）在直肠肿瘤良恶性鉴别以及直肠癌术前分期中的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析2015年5月至2019年6月于首都医科大学宣武医院诊治并经病理证实的76例直肠肿瘤患者,于术前7~10 d均行ERUS和MRI检查。病理结果显示,其中良性肿瘤患者33例,恶性肿瘤患者43例。以病理诊断为金标准,对比ERUS和MRI在直肠肿瘤良恶性鉴别以及直肠癌浸润深度（T分期）和区域淋巴结转移（N分期）判断的诊断价值。结果 76例患者中因4例患者肠腔狭窄或无法探测ERUS只对72例直肠肿瘤进行了ERUS检查分析。76例直肠肿瘤患者均进行MRI检查分析。ERUS诊断直肠癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为90.6%、90.9%、90.8%。MRI诊断直肠癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为83.7%、87.9%、90.2%。二者对比差异均无统计学意义。应用MRI对43例病理证实直肠癌患者进行TN分期判断分析,因4例患者肠腔狭窄或无法探测ERUS只对39例直肠癌进行TN分期判断分析。ERUS判断T1、T2、T3分期的准确度略高于MRI （分别为92.3% vs 88.3%,82.1% vs 74.4%,87.2% vs 86.0%）,ERUS判断T4分期的准确度低于MRI （97.4% vs 100%）。ERUS判断T分期的总准确度高于MRI （79.5% vs 74.4%）,但差异无统计学意义。ERUS判断N分期的准确度低于MRI （61.5% vs 74.5%）,但差异无统计学意义。结论 对不同的T分期与N分期MRI与ERUS各具优势,MRI和ERUS在直肠肿瘤的良恶性鉴别诊断上均具有较高的准确度,二者对比差异无统计学意义。对于T1、T2、T3分期的直肠癌患者,优先考虑行ERUS检查。对于T4分期的直肠癌患者和直肠周围淋巴结转移的评估首选MRI检查。     

MRI在直肠癌术前诊断及分期中的应用

目的评价MRI在直肠癌的术前诊断及临床分期中的应用价值。方法对48例直肠癌病人应用MRI进行TN分期,并与病理结果对照。结果 MRI对直肠癌的诊断率为100%（48/48）。MRI正确T分期39例,错误T分期9例,其中6例T1~T2期报告为T3期,3例T3期报告为T1~T2期。T分期的诊断的总准确率为81.3%（39/48）,其中T1~T2期诊断的准确率为86.3%（19/22）,T3、T4期诊断的准确率分别为66.7%（12/18）、100%（8/8）。经统计分析证实,MRI术前分期与病理分期结果的一致性较好（Kappa=0.696,P〈0.01）;MRI对直肠癌淋巴结正确分期36例,错误分期12例,其中高估6例,低估6例,准确率为75.0%（36/48）,灵敏度为68.4%（13/19）,特异度为79.3%（23/29）,MRI能对直肠癌系膜淋巴结分期做出较准确预测（Kappa=0.573,P〈0.05）。结论 MRI可较准确地评估直肠肿瘤浸润深度和淋巴结转移情况,并作出较准确的直肠癌术前TN分期。     

磁共振成像诊断在直肠癌术前局部分期中的临床价值研究

目的 评价磁共振成像(MRI)诊断在直肠癌术前局部分期中的价值.方法 67例直肠癌患者术前行MRI检查,将术前分期与术后病理分期结果对比,观察MRI对直肠肿瘤浸润深度(T分期)、区域淋巴结转移(N分期)判断的准确性.结果 MRI对术前患者T分期的准确度为83.6%(56/67),直肠癌患者MRI T分期与病理分期结果的一致性检验kappa值为0.79,有统计学意义(u=69.64,P＜0.01);kappa值95%CI为(0.82,0.77).MRI对患者N分期的准确度为68.7%(46/67),MRI判断淋巴结转移的特异度为71.0%(22/31),敏感度为66.7%(24/36).结论 MRI对直肠癌术前患者分期有重要价值,尤其对判断直肠外膜有无侵犯及远处转移的准确性较好,但对淋巴结转移的判断存在一定的局限性.     

CT联合MRI检查在结直肠癌术前诊断中的应用研究

目的：探讨计算机X线断层扫描（CT）联合磁共振成像（MRI）在结直肠癌术前诊断中的应用效果。方法：直肠癌和结肠癌患者各300例,术前均进行CT、MRI检查,以手术病理结果为金标准,比较CT、MRI及CT联合MRI（联合检查）对结直肠癌临床分期及淋巴结阳性诊断的准确率。结果 ：对结肠癌T1～T2期、T3期、T4期诊断准确率：CT分别为63.08%、83.65%和80.15%;MRI分别为80.00%、89.42%和90.08%;联合检查分别为95.38%、97.12%和100.00%;联合检查对结肠癌各期诊断准确率高于CT、MRI,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。对直肠癌T1～T2期、T3期、T4期诊断准确率：CT分别为78.87%、81.37%和89.76%;MRI分别为67.61%、88.24%和92.91%;联合检查分别为90.14%、96.08%和99.21%;联合检查对直肠癌各期诊断准确率高于CT、MRI,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。CT、MRI、联合检查对直肠癌淋巴结阳性准确率分别为68.42%、76.84%和93.68%,对结肠癌淋巴结阳性准确率分别...     

直肠腔内水囊MRI在直肠癌术前分期中的应用价值探讨

目的探讨直肠腔内水囊在直肠癌MRI术前分期中的应用价值。方法 36例经肠镜病理证实直肠癌患者,术前MRI检查前置入直肠腔内水囊,比较术前MRI临床分期(肿瘤T分期、淋巴结转移N分期及环周切缘受累)和术后病理结果,判断直肠腔内水囊置入后MRI检查在直肠癌术前分期中应用价值。结果直肠腔内水囊置入后MRI检查对直肠癌T分期及环周切缘受累判断与病理学分期诊断一致性好(Kappa值分别为0.751,0.769;P0.01),对肿瘤T分期的总准确率为95%,环周切缘受累判断准确率为91.7%,而淋巴结转移N分期与病理学分期一致性具有一般统计学意义(Kappa值=0.613;P0.01),淋巴结转移N分期总准确率为80.6%。结论直肠腔内水囊置入后MRI检查对肿瘤T分期的诊断具有较大价值,并能准确预测环周切缘受累情况,而对淋巴结转移N分期只能作一般性预测。     

磁共振成像对直肠癌分期和侧切缘受累的预测价值

目的 评估磁共振成像（MRI）预测直肠癌分期和侧切缘受累的准确程度。方法术前活检病理证实的直肠癌53例,用高分辨率MRI评估肿瘤（T）、系膜淋巴结转移（N）和侧切缘（CRM）,所有病例均行全直肠系膜切除术,采用连续病理切片法观察手术标本,对照术前MRI和术后病理结果,评估MRI能否准确预测直肠癌T、N、CRM。结果MRI正确T分期41例,错误12例,其中4例T1-12期报告为仍期,8例仍期报告为T1-12期,T分期的总准确率为77．4％（41／53）,其中T1～12期的预测准确率为83．3％（20／24）,仍期的准确率为68．0％（17／25）,T4期的准确率为100％（4／4）,MRI可以对T分期进行一般预测,但准确度不高（Kappa值为0．602,P〈0．001）。MRI对直肠系膜淋巴结正确分期37例,错误分期16例,其中高估10例,低估6例,准确率为69,8％（37／53）,灵敏度为75％（18／24）,特异度为65．5％（19／29）,MRI不能对系膜淋巴结做出准确预测（Kappa值为0．399,P=0．003）。MRI正确预测CRM51例,错误2例,其中高估1例,低估1例,准确率为96．2％（51／53）,灵敏度为80％（1／5）,特异度为97．9％（47／48）。MRI可以准确预测CRM是否受累（Kappa值为0．779,P〈0．001）。结论术前MRI不能准确预测直肠癌T、N分期,但可以可靠地预测CRM是否受累。     

MRI在直肠癌诊断及术前分期中的价值探讨

目的探讨MRI在直肠癌诊断及术前分期中的价值。方法选择27例经外科手术和病理证实的直肠癌病例,所有病人均于术前进行MRI检查,MRI序列包括常规T1WI、T2WI及快速梯度回波脂肪抑制（FSPGR）。观察肿瘤大小和信号,周围浸润及淋巴结增大情况,将影像观察结果与外科手术和病理诊断结果进行比较。结果T分期方面,MRI诊断淋巴结转移的敏感度为36％,特异度为97．6％。结论应用MRI进行直肠癌术前诊断及分期,准确率较高,对临床手术方式的选择具有很好的指导意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.