6-取代亚甲肼基-2，4-双吗啉嘧啶及三嗪类衍生物的合成与抗肿瘤活性研究

目的设计合成一系列6-取代亚甲肼基嘧啶及三嗪衍生物,并对其体外抗肿瘤活性进行初步评价。方法以2,4,6-三氯嘧啶或三聚氯氰、苯胺、苯并咪唑、吡咯为起始原料,经多步反应合成目标化合物;采用MTT法,以BMCL-200908069—1为阳性对照药,以H460、A549和H226为测试细胞株,对目标化合物进行抗肿瘤活性评价。结果合成了20个未见文献报道的6-取代亚甲肼基-2,4-双吗啉嘧啶及三嗪类化合物,其结构经MS、1H-NMR谱确证。结论体外活性实验显示：该系列化合物具有较强的抗肿瘤活性,其中,化合物6a活性最佳,其对H460、A549和H226抑制作用的IC50值分别为3．4、0L75、0．86pxnol·L-1,其活性为阳性对照药的28～16．8倍。     

4H-吡啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶-4-酮取代的双芳基脲类化合物的合成及抗增殖活性

目的设计合成4H-吡啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶-4-酮取代的双芳基脲类化合物,初步评价其体外抗增殖活性。方法以2-氨基吡啶或2-氨基-4-甲基吡啶为原料,经环合、烃化、还原及酰化共4步反应合成目标化合物;以sorafenib为阳性对照,采用MTT法,测试目标化合物对乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的抗增殖活性。结果与结论合成了16个未见报道的含4H-吡啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶-4-酮药效团的双芳基脲类化合物,其结构经1H-NMR和MS确证;8个化合物显示较好的体外活性,其中,化合物4h活性突出,为sorafenib的8.3倍。     

吡咯并嘧啶类化合物的合成及其抑制JAK3激酶活性的研究

目的设计合成吡咯并嘧啶类化合物并研究其抑制JAK3激酶的活性。方法以4-氯-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶为原料,经过取代、氨基脱保护和N-酰化反应合成两类(Ⅰa和Ⅰb)吡咯并嘧啶类化合物,经体外细胞试验测定其对JAK3激酶的抑制活性。结果设计并合成了8个新化合物,结构经1H-NMR和HR-MS确证。初步活性测试结果显示Ⅰa-1和Ⅰb-3对JAK3的抑制强度与阳性对照药tofacitinib相近。结论目标化合物对JAK3依赖的DAUDI细胞抑制活性较好,对非JAK3依赖的BT-20细胞抑制作用弱。     

2,4-二氨基嘧啶类FAK抑制剂的设计合成及活性评价

目的 设计合成一系列2,4-二氨基嘧啶类衍生物，以期得到对黏着斑激酶(FAK)具有较好抑制活性的新化合物。方法 以邻硝基苯甲酸为原料，经酰化、缩合、催化氢化得到中间体N-甲基-2-氨基苯甲酰胺(4)。以邻氟硝基苯为原料，经取代、氧化、催化氢化得到中间体2-(异丙基磺酰基)-苯胺(7)。以对氟硝基苯为原料，经取代、催化氢化得到4-(4-氨基苯基)哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁酯(10)。以2,4,5-三取代嘧啶为原料，先与不同的苯胺(4或7)在4位发生取代，然后与10在2位发生取代，再经脱Boc保护，最后与二硫化碳以及不同取代的卤代烃先加成后取代得到目标化合物(15a～15o),并对目标化合物进行体外酶活性测试。结果与结论设计并合成了新型2,4-二氨基嘧啶类化合物15个，所有化合物均未见文献报道，其结构均经¹H-NMR和MS确证，部分化合物结构经¹³C-NMR和HR-MS确证。其中化合物15d对FAK的抑制活性(IC₅₀=15.8 nmol·L^-1)与阳性对照化合物TAE-226相当。     

N-3，4，6，7-四氢-2H-取代嘧啶并[1，6-c]喹唑啉-2-烯胺类衍生物的合成及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究

目的合成N-3,4,6,7-四氢-2H-取代嘧啶并[1,6-c]喹唑啉-2-烯胺类衍生物,并对其进行体外抗肿瘤活性研究。方法以4,6-二氯嘧啶和6-氨基-1,4-苯并二氧杂环为起始原料,经过氨化、Suzuki偶联、缩合反应和环合反应合成一系列N-3,4,6,7-四氢-2H-取代嘧啶并[1,6-c]喹唑啉-2-烯胺类化合物,并采用MTT法对其体外肿瘤活性进行研究。结果设计并合成了18个目标化合物,结构经~1H-NMR和MS确证。活性测试结果显示多个目标化合物抗肿瘤活性与阳性对照药索拉非尼相近。结论发现了一类全新结构的骨架分子,目标化合物具有较强的抗肿瘤活性,为新型抗肿瘤化合物的设计与合成提供思路。     

N-芳甲酰基-N’-取代嘧啶基硫脲类 化合物的合成与初步活性研究

目的 合成N-芳甲酰基-N’-取代嘧啶基硫脲类化合物,并初步测试其对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制活性。方法　以2-氨基-5-溴-4-取代嘧啶与芳甲酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,得到一系列N-芳甲酰基-N’-取代嘧啶基硫脲类化合物;采用MTT法测定目标化合物对血清诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制活性。结果与结论　合成的10个目标化合物,均未见文献报道,所有目标化合物结构经1H-NMR及MS确证;活性测试结果表明,化合物6b、6c、6g、6j 具有一定的血管平滑肌细胞增殖抑制活性。     

新型含嘧啶环吲唑衍生物的合成及初步生物活性研究

目的设计合成新型含嘧啶环的吲唑衍生物,并检测其对VEGFR-2酶的抑制活性。方法以3-甲基-6-硝基吲唑为起始原料,经N-甲基化、氢化还原、亲核取代、烷基化及亲核取代反应合成目标化合物;采用均相时间分辨荧光（HTRF）法测定目标化合物对VEGFR-2磷酸化的抑制作用。结果与结论合成了15个未见文献报道的新化合物,其结构经1H—NMR和MS谱确证。活性评价结果显示,该系列化合物对VEGFR-2酶均有抑制活性,其中化合物7a、7c、7i表现出较强的抑制活性,其抑制活性与阳性对照药帕唑帕尼接近,由此推测此类化合物可能具有潜在的抗肿瘤活性。     

2-取代-3-氧代羊毛甾烷-24-酰胺类化合物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的设计合成一系列2-取代-3-氧代羊毛甾烷-24-酰胺类化合物,并考察其体外抗肿瘤活性。方法以羊毛甾醇为起始化合物,对其A环和侧链24位双键进行结构改造,经多步反应合成目标化合物。以阿霉素为阳性对照药,采用MTT法测试目标化合物对PC-3和As PC-1细胞的生长抑制活性。结果与结论设计并合成了18个羊毛甾醇衍生物,结构均经1H-NMR、MS、IR谱确证。药理试验结果表明,目标化合物的抗肿瘤活性较羊毛甾醇均有所提高,其中化合物9b、9g、9h、10d、10f、10g对PC-3细胞表现出显著的生长抑制活性,IC50值小于3μmol·L-1;化合物9d、9e、9f、10d对As PC-1细胞表现出显著的生长抑制活性,IC50值小于3μmol·L-1;化合物10d对PC-3和As PC-1细胞的生长抑制活性与阳性对照药阿霉素相当。初步构效关系研究表明,A环2位氰基取代优于碘代,侧链24位引入哌啶基哌啶、N-甲基哌嗪、3,5-二甲基哌啶活性较好。     

4-(甲基苯胺基)-3-氰基喹啉类衍生物的 合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的 设计合成4-(甲基苯胺基)-3-氰基喹啉类衍生物,并对其体外抗肿瘤活性进行初步评价。 方法 以氰乙酸乙酯为起始原料,经多步反应合成目标化合物。采用MTT法,以吉非替尼（gefitinib）为阳性对照药,以A549、HT-29和MDA-MB-231为测试细胞株对目标化合物的抗肿瘤活性进行了评价。 结果 合成了18个新化合物,经1H-NMR、MS和IR确认其结构。体外活性测试结果显示,多数化合物可在较低浓度抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,其中的Ⅶ2、Ⅶ3、Ⅶ6、Ⅶ12、Ⅶ13、Ⅶ15 和 Ⅶ16共7个化合物有显著的抗增殖活性,优于阳性对照药吉非替尼。 结论 体外活性实验表明：4-(甲基苯胺基)-3-氰基喹啉类衍生物作为新型的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,其构效关系值得进一步研究。     

5-取代嘧啶开环核苷膦酸酯类化合物的合成及其抗病毒活性研究

目的：设计合成5-取代嘧啶开环核苷膦酸酯类新化合物并进行体外抗病毒活性实验。方法：氯甲基氯乙基醚与三氟乙醇磷酸酯缩合后,经碘-氯交换得碘代乙氧基甲基三氟乙醇膦酸酯侧链,和5-取代嘧啶在DBU作用下缩合,氯甲酸酯酰胺化,设计合成得到8个新化合物1a～1h。对合成的目标化合物进行了初步的体外抗乙肝病毒药理活性实验。,结果：设计合成的8个化舍物对HBsAg和HBeAg都有一定的抑制作用,其中化合物1d的抑制活性优于拉米夫定。结论：5-取代嘧啶开环核苷膦酸酯类化合物保持抗病毒活性,N6位长链脂肪氯甲酸酯取代的化合物抗HBV病毒活性较好。     

含查尔酮结构N-取代饶丹宁衍生物的合成及抗菌活性研究

目的设计合成两个系列含L-异亮氨酸或L-色氨酸结构的饶丹宁与查尔酮拼合衍生物（4a-4n和5a-5n）,并对其进行体外抗菌活性评价。方法以取代苯乙酮为原料,经缩合反应和Knoevenagel反应得到目标化合物。采用连续稀释法,以诺氟沙星和苯唑西林为阳性对照药,选取7种金黄色葡萄球菌（＆aureusRN4220、＆aureusKCTC503、＆aureusKCTC209、MRSACCARM3167、MRSACCARM3506、QRSACCARM3505、QRSACCARM3519）和大肠杆菌（Ecoli1356）为测试菌株对目标化合物进行体外抗菌活性评价。结果与结论合成了28个未见文献报道的新化合物：（2R）-3-甲基-2-（（Z）-4-氧代-5-（4-（（E）-3-取代苯基-3-氧代丙-1-烯基）苯亚甲基）-2-硫代噻唑烷-2,4-二酮-3-基）戊酸（4a～4n）和（尺）-3-（1H-吲哚-3-基）-2-（（Z）-4-氧代-5-（4-（（E）-3-取代苯基-3-氧代丙-1-烯基）苯亚甲基）-2-硫代噻唑烷-2,4-二酮-3一基）丙酸（5a-5n）。两个系列化合物的结构经1H-NMR和IR谱确证。体外活性测试结果显示,所合成的大部分化合物具有较好的抗菌活性,其中,化合物4n、5g和5j的抗菌活性最好,它们对4种耐药菌的MIC值均为2μg·mL-1。     

Some 2-[4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) phenyl]-1H-benzimidazole derivatives overcome imatinib resistance by induction of apoptosis and reduction of P-glycoprotein activity

Imatinib (IMA) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) introduced for the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapy. Emergence of IMA resistance leads to the relapse and failure in CML therapy. Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic organic compound which is widely investigated for the development of anticancer drugs. In this study, we aimed to explore the anticancer effects of some 2-[4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) phenyl]-1H-benzimidazole derivatives on K562S (IMA-sensitive) and K562R (IMA-resistant) cells. To analyze the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the compounds, K562S, K562R, and L929 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of the derivatives. Cytotoxic effects of compounds on cell viability were analyzed with MTT assay. Apoptosis induction, caspase3/7 activity were investigated with flow cytometry and BAX, BIM, and BAD genes expression levels were analyzed with qRT-PCR. Rhodamine123 (Rho-123) staining assays were carried out to evaluate the effect of compounds on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity. The hit compounds were screened using molecular docking, and the binding preference of each compounds to BCR-ABL protein was evaluated. Our results indicated that compounds triggered cytotoxicity, caspase3/7 activation in K562S and K562R cells. Rho-123 staining showed that compounds inhibited P-gp activity in K562R cells. Overall, our results reveal some benzimidazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents to overcome IMA resistance in CML.     

β-榄香烯吲哚衍生物的合成及其体外抗K562细胞增殖活性

目的设计合成β-榄香烯吲哚衍生物并进行体外抗癌活性筛选。方法通过合成β-榄香烯氯代物,在其结构中引入3-吲哚乙胺结构片段进而合成β-榄香烯吲哚衍生物。采用MTT法测定目标化合物对K562白血病细胞的增殖抑制作用。结果合成了15个未见文献报道的β-榄香烯吲哚衍生物。目标化合物的结构经1H-NMR、MS谱确证。活性实验结果显示14个目标化合物的活性高于β-榄香烯。结论在β-榄香烯结构中引入3-吲哚乙胺结构片段有利于提高此类化合物的抗癌活性。     

Synthesis and antileukemic activity of novel 2-(4-(2,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)phenoxy)-1-(4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone derivatives

A series of novel 2-(4-(2,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)phenoxy)-1-(4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl) piperidin-1-yl)ethanone derivatives 9(a-e) and 10(a-g) were synthesized and characterized by (1) H NMR, IR, mass spectral, and elemental analysis. These novel compounds were evaluated for their antileukemic activity against two human leukemic cell lines (K562 and CEM) by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay. Some of the tested compounds showed good antiproliferative activity with IC(50) values ranging from 1.6 to 8.0 μm. Compound 9c, 9e, and 10f with an electron-withdrawing halogen substituent at the para position on the phenyl ring showed excellent in vitro potency against tested human leukemia cells (K562 and CEM).     

Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Quinolone Nucleosides Against the Human Myelogenous Leukemia K‐562 Cell Line

A set of 6‐substituted quinolone nucleosides linked to aniline or phenol via N or O heteroatom‐bridges presenting new compounds were synthesized by palladium‐catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig cross‐coupling reactions. 6‐Bromoquinolone nucleoside precursors, being protected by either benzoyl or TBDMS protecting groups on the ribose moiety, were subjected to different Buchwald–Hartwig conditions as the key step. Defined deprotection steps led, in good yields, to the final target compounds that carry, in position 3, either ester, acid, or amide functions. Thus, a series of novel quinolone nucleoside derivatives was obtained via a convergent synthesis route. Biological tests in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells exerted an efficient antiproliferative activity for two of them without induction of differentiation. These novel nucleosides deserve further experiments to determine their antiproliferative effects on other CML cell lines.     

伊马替尼对慢性髓系白血病骨髓细胞VEGF表达的影响

目的 研究伊马替尼对慢性髓系白血病(CML)患者骨髓细胞及白血病细胞系K562血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响.方法 采用ELISA检测伊马替尼作用前后CML骨髓细胞和K562细胞VEGF蛋白表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR检测伊马替尼对K562细胞VEGF mRNA表达的影响.结果 CML患者骨髓单个核细胞在伊马替尼作用后VEGF蛋白表达量为(130.66±100.58)pg/ml,明显低于未加药组(269.11±176.79)pg/ml(P＜0.01).K562细胞VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平于伊马替尼作用后亦呈剂量依赖性下降.结论 伊马替尼对CML患者VEGF的表达有明显抑制作用,提示该药对CML可能具有抗血管新生作用.     

Synthesis of new 3-(3-phenyl-isoxazol-5-yl) or 3-[(3-phenyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-amino] substituted 4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives with antineoplastic activity

A novel series of 3-(3-phenyl-isoxazol-5-yl) or 3-[(3-phenyl-isoxazol-5-yl)amino] substituted 4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives was synthesized. The compounds were tested for their antineoplastic activity in vitro against Raji (human Burkitt limphoma). K-562 (human chronic myelogeneous leukemia) and U937 (human histiocytic limphoma) cell lines. The most active quinazolinones showed IC50 values in the range 16-30 microM.     

Relationship between elevated levels of the alpha 1 acid glycoprotein in chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis and pharmacological resistance to imatinib (Gleevec) in vitro and in vivo

The Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinb is becoming a standard for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). However, Bcr-Abl gene mutations have been reported mainly in relapsing or resistant patients. In primary resistant patients, only few mutations have been documented so far, suggesting alternative mechanisms. We aimed to investigate if alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), an acute phase drug binding protein, could be a biological marker for pharmacological resistance to imatinib in nine patients in acute phase CML. All patients (3/3) with high AGP dosages (2.31+/-0.17 mg/mL; normal values, 0.5-1.3mg/mL) were primary resistant to imatinib whereas an early clinical response was observed for the six patients with normal AGP levels (1.13+/-0.2mg/mL). No mutation in the adenosine triphosphate domain of Abl were detected before the initiation of imatinib therapy. By using in vitro tests combining various imatinib concentrations (1-10 microM) with purified human AGP (1 and 3 mg/mL), we demonstrate that imatinib-induced apoptosis of K562 or fresh leukemic CML cells is abrogated or reduced. The same effect was observed using sera from donors with high AGP levels (1.9-3.28 mg/mL). In patients with CML in blastic phase, AGP levels could reflect pharmacological resistance to imatinib, suggesting that increased dosage of imatinib or the use of a competitor to drug binding should be recommended to optimize the therapeutic effect of the drug.     

Syntheses and biological activities of 3'-azido disaccharide analogues of daunorubicin against drug-resistant leukemia

Anthracyclines, such as daunorubicin (DNR) and doxorubicin (Dox), are widely used for cancer therapy but are limited by drug resistance and cardiotoxicity. To overcome drug resistance, we synthesized a novel class of disaccharide analogues of DNR against drug-resistant leukemia. In these disaccharide analogues (1-6) the first (inner) sugar in the carbohydrate chain is a 3-azido-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-lyxo-alpha-hexopyranose; the second (outer) sugars that are linked via alpha(1-->4) to the first sugar are a series of uncommon sugars. Their cytotoxicities were examined in drug-sensitive leukemia cells K562 and doxorubicin-resistant K562/Dox cells by MTS assay. In drug-sensitive cells, compounds 1-6 were found to be active against leukemia K562 cells with IC50 in the nanomolar range (200-1100 nM), while compounds 2-5 with 2,6-dideoxy sugars showed better activity than compounds 1 and 6 with 2,3,6-trideoxy sugars. In doxorubicin-resistant K562/Dox cells, compounds 1, 3, and 5 exhibited much better activities (with IC50 between 0.29 and 2.0 microM) than DNR (with IC50 > 5 microM). Compound 3 emerged as the most active compound, showing at least 17-fold higher activity against drug-resistant cells than parent compound DNR. The IC50 values of compound 3 in both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells are identical, which indicates that compound 3 completely overcomes drug resistance. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies showed that the substitution and orientation of the 3-OH group in the second sugar significantly influence its activity against drug-resistant leukemia. These results suggest that sugar modifications of anthracyclines change their activity and overcome drug resistance.     

Design and synthesis of novel 1,2,3,4-tetrazines as new anti-leukemia cancer agents

A series of novel 1,2,3,4-tetrazines were designed and synthesized. ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, and HRMS were used to determine the structures of this novel compounds. Computational approaches suggested that DHFR is a putative target for the newly synthesized 11 compounds. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations followed by molecular docking simulations were employed to evaluate DHFR as a potential target protein. The anticancer activities of the compounds were evaluated against five different types of leukemia cell lines (Jurkat, Nalm-6, Reh, K562, and Molt-4) and one non-leukemic cell line (Hek293T) by MTT test in vitro and imatinib was used as a control drug. Among these compounds, 3a exhibited the best activity against all the leukemic cell lines, except Reh cell line. For Nalm-6, K562, Jurkat, and Molt-4 cell lines, IC₅₀ values were found to be 15.98, 19.12, 23.15, and 25.80 μM, respectively. Our work focuses on the synthesis of original and novel 1,2,3,4-tetrazine derivatives while contributing to the ongoing effort to discover more potent new antileukemia agents.