4000/扩散张量成像对正常成人皮质脊髓束通路初步研究

目的：扩散张量成像（DTI）对健康成人皮质脊髓束通路的研究,分析不同部位皮质脊髓束通路FA值,为皮质脊髓束病理改变的研究提供正常解剖依据。材料与方法：健康成人30名, GE 1.5T及工作站行数据收集和后处理, 测量延髓、脑桥、大脑脚、基底节、放射冠及半卵园中心等层面的皮质脊髓束（CST）通路FA值。结果：延髓及半卵园中心平面的各层面FA值左右差异无显著性;脑桥、大脑脚、基底节、放射冠等水平面的各层面的FA值左右侧差异有显著性,可认为左侧较右侧高。结论：皮质脊髓束通路FA值左右侧在不同水平的层面上有差异,左侧高于右侧,可能与右利手有关。     

磁共振弥散张量成像对脑出血致皮质脊髓束损害的诊断价值

目的 研究磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)对脑出血致皮质脊髓束(CST)损害的诊断价值.方法 对20例基底节区脑出血患者(急性期14例,亚急性期6例,均有偏瘫)进行DTI检查,分别测量患侧CST损害区及健侧相应区域的各向异性分数(FA)值、表观弥散系数(ADC)值.结果 DTI显示20例脑出血患者患侧CST受压、移位、变薄或显示不清,患侧CST受损区FA值(0.43±0.16)均较健侧(0.70±0.06)明显降低(t=9.11,P<0.01);14例急性期患者患侧受损CST区ADC值(0.60±0.11)较健侧(0.76±0.10)明显降低(t=7.03,P<0.01).6例亚急性期患者两侧CST区ADC值的差异无统计学意义.结论 DTI可以清楚地显示脑出血患者CST的损害状况,这对判断脑出血患者的病情和预后有参考价值.     

弥散张量成像在高血压性脑出血后皮质脊髓束损伤中的应用研究

目的：应用弥散张量纤维束成像（DTI）观察高血压性脑出血（HICH）皮质脊髓束（CST）的损伤,探讨DTI在HICH预后评估的临床应用价值。方法对16例HICH患者（壳核8例,丘脑7例,混合型1例）患者分别于入院时（7 d内）和发病后3个月进行DTI 检查,以及肌力测定和美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分。用平均部分各向异性（FA）和表观弥散系数（ADC）测量血肿层面周围的双侧CST,测定血肿面（患侧）／对侧面（健侧）的FA值和ADC值比率。结果 HICH患者中发病后3个月肌力较好组（肌力4～-5级）的FA值比率与肌力较差组（肌力0～3级）比较,差异有统计学意义。而ADC比值在入院时及发病后3个月都没有差别。所有FA值比率＞0．8患者的运动功能都有改善和预后好。然而有1例患者虽然FA值比率不是很高,但运动功能的预后也很好,其ADC值明显升高。 CST完整的患者入院时和发病后3个月的肌力和NIHSS评分均比CST中断的患者好,发病后3个月是恢复最快的阶段。结论通过DTI的FA值比率可以了解基底核区HICH患者CST的损伤情况,有助于早期预测神经功能的恢复情况和指导治疗方案的制定。     

应用扩散张量和功能磁共振成像技术探讨皮质脊髓束与肌力的相关性

目的探讨脑梗死与脑肿瘤患者皮质脊髓束(corticospinaltract,CST)损伤对肢体肌力的影响。方法应用磁共振扩散张量成像(diffusiontensorimaging,DTI)和扩散张量纤维束成像(diffusiontensortractography,DTT)技术,并将DTI与功能磁共振成像(functionalMRimaging,fMRI)相结合,对脑梗死和脑肿瘤引起的皮质脊髓束损伤进行定位诊断,并观察皮质脊髓束损伤对患者肢体肌力的影响。对40例急性脑梗死(发病时间<72h)和113例脑肿瘤患者行MRI和扩散加权成像检查,其中部分患者再行增强扫描和fMRI检查。收集全部患者的磁共振扩散张量成像原始数据,然后行扩散张量纤维束成像,重建双侧皮质脊髓束,并将患侧皮质脊髓束的病理性改变对肢体肌力的影响进行相关性分析。结果(1)梗死区各向异性(FA)阈值为(0.336±0.065),对侧半球正常白质区FA阈值为(0.705±0.069),梗死白质区FA值显著低于健侧,两侧相比差异有显著性意义(t=15.823,P<0.001)。(2)扩散张量纤维束成像显示,脑梗死和脑肿瘤患者病变侧皮质脊髓束受压、变形、移位,部分断裂。(3)脑梗死皮质脊髓束损伤患者的肢体肌力降低率为67.50%(27/40),脑肿瘤为16.81%(19/113);组间差异有显著性意义(χ2=36.096,P<0.001)。(4)急性脑梗死和脑肿瘤累及皮质脊髓束内囊后肢致肌力降低率分别     

磁共振弥散张量成像在基底节区高血压脑出血致皮质脊髓束损伤中的应用研究

目的 探讨磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)技术评价基底节区高血压脑出血(HICH)患者皮质脊髓束(CST)受损程度的意义及其与肌力恢复的关系.方法 徐州医学院附属医院神经外科自2006年11月至2009年5月行小骨窗开颅血肿清除术治疗单侧基底节区HICH患者35例,术后10 d应用3.0T磁共振DTI技术检测患者和10例健康志愿者CST,应用Functool软件进行图像分析观察CST损伤程度,HICH患者康复治疗2月后采用Brunnstrom标准进行肢体肌力检查,分析CST损伤程度与肢体肌力的相关性.结果 10例健康志愿者CST显示清晰.35例HICH患者CST受损的模式有3种:纤维束显示达正常侧的2/3或相仿(11例),患者肢体肌力恢复最好;纤维束显示小于正常侧的2/3(18例),患者肢体肌力恢复较好;纤维柬显示小于正常侧的1/3(6例),患者肢体肌力恢复最差.CST受损患者患侧的FA值均较健侧降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).3种模式CST损伤患者患侧的FA值、肢体肌力不同,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000).患者CST损伤程度与肌力恢复水平存在负相关关系(r=0.931,P=0.000).结论 应用磁共振DTI技术可显示脑内白质纤维束的走形及分布,能够早期检测HICH患者CST的损伤程度,对患者肢体运动功能损伤的评估、判断预后有重要的临床意义.     

DTI态观察脑梗死后颈髓皮质脊髓束继发性损害

目的应用磁共振弥散张量成像(diffusion tensori maging,DTI)动态观察脑梗死后颈髓皮质脊髓束的弥散变化,及其与患者神经功能恢复之间的关系,探讨脑梗死后颈髓皮质脊髓束纤维继发性损害及其意义。方法患者分别在的第1周,第4周以及第12周进行DTI检测,每次MRI检测之前采用NIHSS、简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分法(FM)和Barthel生活指数(Barthel Index,BI)评定。分别测量颈髓皮质脊髓束的部分弥散各向异性(fractional anisotropy,FA)值与平均弥散量(mean diffusivity,MD)。结果与对照组比较,患者组病灶对侧颈髓皮质脊髓束FA值在各个时间点都明显低于健康对照组第1周:(0.66±0.01,vs,0.71±0.01,P0.01),第4周(0.61±0.02,vs,0.69±0.01,P0.01),第12周(0.53±0.02,vs,0.69±0.01,P0.01),MD值则无明显差异。患者病灶对侧颈髓皮质脊髓束FA值在观察期内变化的百分数与NIHSS、Fugl-Meyer运动评分变化的百分数呈负相关(P0.05)。结论局灶性脑梗死引起的皮质脊髓束纤维的继发性损害可以延续到颈髓水平,颈髓皮质脊髓束的继发性损害可能延缓患者神经功能的恢复。     

扩散张量成像技术对急性脑梗死的诊断价值

目的应用MR扩散张量成像(DTI)及扩散张量纤维束成像(DTT)技术对急性脑梗死患者进行检查,研究患者肢体活动障碍的表现及预后与皮质脊髓束的关系及ADC图对急性脑梗死的诊断价值。方法对33例急性脑梗死患者(发病时间<72h)行常规MRI检查及DTI检查,并进行皮质脊髓束三维DTT成像及b=1000的ADC成像,将患者运动障碍的程度分为无瘫痪,治疗后瘫痪恢复,治疗后瘫痪不恢复3种情况,将常规MRI图、DTI中的ADC图影像表现及DTT图皮质脊髓束形态表现与患者临床肌力表现及治疗结果相比较。结果无瘫痪13例,治疗后瘫痪恢复者9例,治疗后瘫痪不恢复者11例,DTT图显示皮质脊髓束分别为无受压,受压无中断及中断破坏。所有病例ADC图均表现为低或稍低信号。结论DTI及DTT技术,对判断脑梗死患者运动障碍的程度及预后有重要价值。     

脑基底核区缺血及出血性卒中致皮质脊髓束损伤：评价与肌力恢复的相关性

目的 利用磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)及扩散张量纤维束成像(DTT)评价缺血性脑缺血卒中所致皮质脊髓束(CST)损伤程度,及与运动功能的关系。方法 对15例急性期大脑中动脉供血区缺血性脑卒中病人进行常规MR、DTI和DTT检查,对数据进行离线后处理,采用dTV.II软件处理,获得FA图及方向编码彩色图,并重建双侧皮质脊髓束3D纤维束图。对梗死区及健侧相应区域白质进行FA测量。采用Brunnstorm标准判断脑卒中患者患手肌力。结果 在脑卒中病人梗死区FA值显著低于健侧,两侧相比差异有显著性意义(t＝-6.3333,P<0.0000)。病变侧皮质脊髓束表现为受压、变形、移位和中断,皮质脊髓束损伤程度与患手肌力级别经检验有显著负相关关系（rs=-0.97361,P<0.0001）,CST的损伤情况与运动功能的恢复有良好的相关。结论 CST损伤严重程度与运动功能的恢复相关,DTI和DTT对观察CST的损害程度、预测恢复程度、指导临床康复治疗具有重要的价值。     

弥散张量成像及皮质脊髓束示踪技术在基底节区出血的临床应用进展

正随着MRI技术的发展,弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)在中枢神经系统疾病中得到广泛应用,不仅可以通过多个数据参数进行量化评估各疾病相关纤维束的损伤类型和预后;还可通过纤维束示踪技术(diffusion tensor tracking,DTT)在活体上以三维形式显示白质纤维束的空间走形,用于指导手术,以更好地保护重要纤维束。基底节区出血以皮质脊髓束(corticospinal tract,CST)损伤引起偏瘫等为主要临床表现。近年来,基于DTI技术对CST进行定量、定性的研究逐渐增多,意在提高临床干预能力以及预测病情转归。本文就该技术在基底节区     

DTI对高血压性基底节区出血病人皮质脊髓束损伤程度评估的价值

目的 探讨磁共振弥散张量成像（DTI）在高血压性基底节区出血病人皮质脊髓束（CST）损伤程度评估中的价值。方法 选择2015年2月~2016年2月收治的高血压性基底节区出血90例，根据治疗方法分为手术组（48例，采用神经导航辅助下血肿清除术治疗）和保守组（42例，采用保守治疗）；手术组又按CST损伤情况分为手术A组（CST损伤分级1~2 级，26例）和手术B组（CST 损伤分级 3~4级，22例）两个亚组。发病48 h、14 d，进行DTI检查，同时采用美国国立卫生院卒中量表评分进行瘫痪分级（PG）。结果 发病48 h，手术组和保守组双侧大脑脚、内囊区各向异性（FA）值无显著差异（P>0.05），CST损伤分级无统计学差异（P>0.05）。发病14 d，手术组和保守组患侧大脑脚、内囊区FA值均显著低于患侧（P<0.05），但手术组明显高于保守组（P<0.05）；手术组和保守组CST损伤分级均显著优于发病48 h（P<0.05），而且手术组明显优于保守组（P<0.05）。发病48 h，手术A、B两亚组内囊区FA值无显著性差异（P>0.05），PG也无统计学差异（P>0.05）；发病14 d，手术A组患侧内囊区FA值显著高于手术B组（P<0.05），但PG显著低于手术B组（P<0.05）。结论 DTI能准确评价高血压性基底节区出血病人CST损伤程度及范围。     

Fractional anisotropy of the corticospinal tract in normal adults Preliminary study using a diffusion tensor imaging technique

BACKGROUND: The corticospinal tract is an important tract for conducting motor function. The majority of studies focus on lesions of the corticospinal tract on appearance and function, whereas observation of normal corticospinal pathways can also improve understanding of lesion outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To observe the normal adult corticospinal tract using a diffusion tensor imaging technique to analyze fractional anisotropy (FA) in different levels of the brain. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Neuroimaging observation was performed in the MRI Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College in China, from October 2005 to October 2008. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 30 healthy adults were selected from the Department of MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College in China, from October 2005 to October 2008, and people with nervous system symptoms and signs were excluded. METHODS: Participants with normal conventional MRI results underwent diffusion tensor imaging examination in a 1.5 T GE MRI (slice thickness 4-5 mm, slice gap 0) for gradient data acquisition from 15 directions. The scanning involved the entire brain from the inferior medulla oblongata to the inferior cranial plate. Imaging post-processing was performed to obtain FA values; a paired Mest was applied for statistical analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: FA values of the bilateral corticospinal tract in the medulla oblongata, pons, cerebral peduncle, basal ganglia, corona radiata, and centrum semiovale. RESULTS: FA values in the medulla oblongata and centrum semiovale were similar (P> 0.01). FA values of left corticospinal tract were significantly greater than the right side in the pons, cerebral peduncle, basal ganglia and corona radiata (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: FA values vary by brain levels, including pons, cerebral peduncle, basal ganglia, and corona radiata. Moreover, FA values of the left corticospinal tract pathway were greater than the right side, which may relate to right handedness.     

Diffusion tensor imaging patterns differ in bulbar and limb onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Background

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by pronounced clinical heterogeneity in terms of onset and disease progression. Widespread changes in white matter fibres could be observed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which detects alterations in the degree (diffusivity, ADC) and directedness (fractional anisotropy, FA) of proton movement. The aim of the current study was to determine whether different ALS onset types were reflected in different DTI brain patterns.

Methods

Seventeen patients with a diagnosis of ALS (6 bulbar, 11 limb onset) and seventeen age-matched controls received 1.5T DTI, where FA and ADC were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping.

Results

In ALS patients, an increased diffusivity in the white matter was found below the precentral gyrus and along the corticospinal tract (CST) right into the internal capsule. The FA was decreased in the posterior limb of internal capsule and in the subcortical white matter in the precentral gyrus. In bulbar onset increased diffusivity was found in the CST, whilst in limb onset, frontal subcortical areas displayed an increased diffusivity.

Conclusion

DTI changes can be regarded as prominent features in ALS. Herein we were able to demonstrate discriminating brain DTI patterns due to bulbar or limb onset.     

Diffusion tensor imaging detects Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract early after cerebral infarction

To investigate the feasibility and time window of early detection of Wallerian degeneration in the corticospinal tract after middle cerebral artery infarction,23 patients were assessed using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging at 3.0T within 14 days after the infarction.The fractional anisotropy values of the affected corticospinal tract began to decrease at 3 days after onset and decreased in all cases at 7 days.The diffusion coefficient remained unchanged.Experimental findings indicate that diffusion tensor imaging can detect the changes associated with Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract as early as 3 days after cerebral infarction.     

Relationships between functional and structural corticospinal tract integrity and walking post stroke

Objective

Studies on upper limb recovery following stroke have highlighted the importance of the structural and functional integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST) in determining clinical outcomes. However, such relationships have not been fully explored for the lower limb. We aimed to test whether variation in walking impairment was associated with variation in the structural or functional integrity of the CST.

Methods

Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to stimulate each motor cortex while EMG recordings were taken from the vastus lateralis (VL) bilaterally; these EMG measures were used to calculate both ipsilateral and contralateral recruitment curves for each lower limb. The slope of these recruitment curves was used to examine the strength of functional connectivity from the motor cortex in each hemisphere to the lower limbs in chronic stroke patients and to calculate a ratio between ipsilateral and contralateral outputs referred to as the functional connectivity ratio (FCR). The structural integrity of the CST was assessed using diffusion tensor MRI to measure the asymmetry in fractional anisotropy (FA) of the internal capsule. Lower limb impairment and walking speed were also measured.

Results

The FCR for the paretic leg correlated with walking impairment, such that greater relative ipsilateral connectivity was associated with slower walking speeds. Asymmetrical FA values, reflecting reduced structural integrity of the lesioned CST, were associated with greater walking impairment. FCR and FA asymmetry were strongly positively correlated with each other.

Conclusions

Patients with relatively greater ipsilateral connectivity between the contralesional motor cortex and the paretic lower limb were more behaviorally impaired and had more structural damage to their ipsilesional hemisphere CST.

Significance

Measures of structural and functional damage may be useful in the selection of therapeutic strategies, allowing for more tailored and potentially more beneficial treatments.     

人脑皮质脊髓束的年龄相关变化

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