精神病人自杀危象与相关因素研究

精神病人处于自杀行为状态，是一种非常危险的症状。本文调查５８５０例各类精神疾病患者有自杀行为３０９人，占５．１７％，通过对自杀危象患者的行为模式，情绪状况，内驱力，脑电图，皮质激素代谢的监测，发现自杀危险系数与大脑皮层生物电位及皮质激素羞反比相关，与大脑平衡稳定性成反比相关，情绪变化仅在某些疾病中显示出来，因此，对自杀危象患者进行综合监测手段，对治疗和预防有重大意义。     

医学院校研究生的自杀意念及其相关因素

目的:了解医学院校研究生的自杀意念现状及其相关因素,为构建研究生自杀预防干预体系提供初步参考。方法:选取安徽省某医学院校研究生345名,应用研究生心理压力问卷(PPSQ)、自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及情绪调节自我效能感量表(RESE)进行测定;通过单因素分析和多元logistic回归模型探讨研究生自杀意念的相关因素。结果:共45(13.0%)名研究生存在自杀意念。多元logistic回归模型结果显示,三年级及以上、医学类、学术型、单亲家庭、学习任务压力大、环境与心境糟糕压力大是自杀意念的危险因素(OR=4.83、5.50、4.57、6.09、1.36、1.69),而表达积极情绪自我效能感和社会支持高是自杀意念的保护因素(OR=0.77、0.89)。结论:医学院校研究生存在一定的自杀意念检出率,关注特定人群、加强心理疏导、提高社会支持等可以降低自杀意念检出率。     

山东省精神障碍患者生命质量及其相关因素

目的:了解山东省精神障碍患者的生命质量状况,分析其相关因素。方法:2015年,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样在山东省开展第四次精神障碍流行病学调查。筛选符合精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准的精神障碍患者作为研究对象。采用一般情况调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、简易应对方式问卷、功能大体评定量表、生命质量量表进行调查。结果:农村居民(β=-0.96,P<0.01)、女性(β=-1.92,P<0.001)、未婚(β=-2.72,P<0.01)、农民/渔民(β=-0.94,P<0.05)、无业或失业(β=-1.93,P<0.01)患者生命质量得分更低,躯体健康状况(β=-5.59,P<0.001)和心理健康状况(β=-4.19,P<0.001)越差、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(β=-0.49,P<0.001)越高,患者生命质量得分越低;积极应对(β=1.65,P<0.001)和功能大体评定量表(β=0.12,P<0.001)得分越高,患者生命质量得分越高。结论:精神障碍患者生命质量较差,应重点关注农村居民、女性、未婚、农民或渔民、无业或失业...     

海军某部官兵的自杀意念及相关因素

目的:调查海军官兵自杀意念的流行现状并初步探讨其相关因素。方法:选取海军某部官兵1710人,完成自编人口学调查表、抑郁焦虑压力自评量表中文简体版(DASS-C21)、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC)和自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)。结果:本样本1年自杀意念检出率为3.56%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,与父母关系一般和差、经常和偶尔出现口腔溃疡症状、重度和极重度抑郁、重度和极重度压力、高神经质、高精神质是自杀意念的危险因素(OR=2.74、3.48、10.77、3.54、51.80、.6.40)。结论:与父母关系、口腔溃疡症状、抑郁、压力和人格特质是与海军官兵自杀意念相关的危险因素。提示在海军官兵自杀预防中,除传统的心理和社会学因素外,也应重视官兵身体健康异常的问题。     

罪犯自杀态度及其相关影响因素

目的 了解罪犯对待自杀行为的态度以及与其相关的影响因素。为监狱科学预防罪犯自杀提供参考依据。方法 运用自杀态度问卷（QSA）、临床自评量表（SCL-90）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）等量表对38名罪犯进行测试．分析测试结果。结果 大部分罪犯对自杀的态度持肯定和理解．且其态度与心理健康状况之间存在显著的相关。结论 监狱应该着手改变罪犯对待自杀行为的态度．积极预防罪犯自杀。     

抢救精神障碍患者服用精神药物自杀的案例报告

据WHO统计,在2000年,全世界有接近100万人死于自杀,“全球”自杀率为16／10万,每10秒钟就有一人死于自杀。在过去的45年中,自杀率增加了60％。据估计,如果不采取有效的措施进行预防,到2020年,全球每年的自杀死亡人数将会达到150万。     

罪犯自杀意念及其相关因素研究

目的探讨罪犯自杀意念的发生率及其相关的心理因素,为监狱有效预防罪犯自杀,确保刑罚得到执行提供参考。方法采取随机抽样的方法,抽取某监狱180名罪犯,用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行调查,对测试资料运用t检验和逐步回归分析。结果有31.1%的罪犯有不同程度的自杀意念;自杀意念与心理健康各因子的相关系数在0.46~0.66之间(P<0.01);有、无自杀意念两组罪犯在SCL-90各因子上的差异显著(t≥5.93,P<0.01);逐步回归分析表明,影响自杀意念的相关因素有抑郁、焦虑、恐怖和敌对等因素。结论罪犯群体中存在的自杀意念比例要高于普通人群,预防罪犯自杀是监狱机关需要重点研究的课题;罪犯的自杀与其心理健康状况存在极为密切的关系。     

昆明市15岁及以上居民自杀相关问题现况调查

目的:了解昆明市居民自杀问题的检出率及其相关因素。方法:按照分层容量比例概率随机抽样法,以昆明市≥15岁5033人为调查对象。在复合性国际诊断交谈检查2.1版(Composite InternationalDiagnostic Interview-version2.1,CIDI-2.1)回答后进行自杀相关问题调查,并分析人口学相关危险因素。结果:调查5033人中有自杀意念者占5.89%(95%CI,5.24%～6.54%),计划自杀1.71%(95%CI,1.35%～2.06%),曾有过自杀行为者0.76%(95%CI,0.52%～1.00%)。女性自杀意念、自杀计划及行为的发生率均高于男性(7.50%vs.4.15%,2.65%vs.0.84%,1.32%vs.0.24%;均P0.001)。城镇居民更易出现自杀意念(6.27%vs.3.42%;P0.001);离婚、分居、丧偶、受教育程度低者更易出现自杀计划(P0.05)。各年龄段、汉族和少数民族自杀问题检出率差异无统计学意义。患有焦虑障碍、物质使用障碍、情感障碍、躯体形式障碍者多易出现自杀相关行为。结论:昆明市居民中自杀问题突出,患有几类精神障碍是发生自杀问题的危险因素,应针对自杀行为进行有效干预。     

我国科研院所研究生自杀意念影响因素研究

目的探讨与中国研究生产生自杀意念的相关因素。方法整体抽取21072名国家科研所的研究生,采用自评量表对研究生的一般心理健康状态（UPI）、抑郁状态（SDS）、自杀态度、人格特征（16PF）进行测量,采用Logistic方法对自杀意念变量进行回归分析。结果1.78%的研究生出现过自杀意念,一般心理健康水平、抑郁状态、自杀态度、年级与自杀意念有显著的相关。人格因素作为整体与自杀意念有相关,但单个人格特征的回归系数并不显著。结论研究生的自杀意念和一般心理健康状况、自杀态度和抑郁状态都有关系,提高心理健康状况、克服抑郁状态、改变对自杀的社会态度能够降低自杀意念产生的风险。     

精神分裂症患者自杀原因对照研究

目的：从社会支持、精神症状、个性特征等方面探讨精神分裂症患者的自杀原因，为预测和预防精神分裂症患者的自杀行为提供依据。方法：采用早年（１８岁以前）不良家庭环境问卷、社会支持量表（ＳＳＲＳ）、明尼苏达多相人格调查表（ＭＭＰＩ）等工具，对３１例自杀未遂的精神分裂症患者和３３名对照者进行研究。结果：精神分裂症患者自杀组的抑郁症状、偏执型、早年不良家庭环境、自杀前自杀意念的分布明显高于非自杀组，且ＭＭＰＩ的依赖性量表分高而疑病分低。结论：抑郁症状、精神分裂症偏执型、早年不良家庭环境和ＭＭＰＩ的依赖性量表分高可以预测精神分裂症患者的自杀行为     

Psychosocial treatments of suicidal behaviors: a practice-friendly review

Worldwide, almost a million people die by suicide each year. Intentional, nonfatal, self-inflicted injury, including both suicide attempts and acts without suicide intent, also has very high prevalence. This article provides a practice-friendly review of controlled studies of psychosocial treatments aiming to prevent suicide, attempted suicide, and nonsuicidal self-inflicted injuries. Despite relatively small sample sizes for a low-base-rate outcome such as self-inflicted injury, several psychotherapies have been found effective, including cognitive therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, problem-solving therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy, as well as outreach interventions, such as sending caring letters. The clinical implications of the review are discussed with the goal of translating the science to service-particularly the importance of outreach and treatment of non-compliance, the assessment and management of suicide risk, and competency in effective psychotherapies. These are critical steps for clinical psychology and psychotherapists to take in their role in suicide prevention.     

Disability and suicidal behaviors among women of reproductive age

Archives of Women's Mental Health - Limited research exists on suicidal behaviors among women with disabilities. This study examined disability, suicidal behaviors, and associated health...     

Natural history of suicidal behaviors in a population-based sample of young adults

BACKGROUND: Suicidal behaviors in young individuals represent an important public health problem. Understanding their natural history and relationships would therefore be of clinical and research value. In this study, we examined the natural histories of several suicidal behaviors and investigated two conceptual models of suicidality (dimensional and categorical) in the context of adolescent and adult-onset suicide attempts. METHOD: Participants were members of a prospectively studied, representative, population-based school cohort followed since age 6 (n = 3017) through mid-adolescence (n = 1715) to their early twenties (n = 1684). Outcome measures included suicidal ideation, attempts and completions. RESULTS: Approximately one in 500 individuals died by suicide. About 33% had suicidal ideas and 9.3% made at least one suicide attempt. Over half (4.9%) of the self-reported attempters made their first attempt before age 18. With the exception of current suicidal ideas, non-fatal suicidal behaviors were more prevalent in females. In general, parental and cross-sectional self-reports underestimated suicidality rates. Aikaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria suggested the ordinal model, and dimensional conceptualization of suicide attempts of different onset age, to be more optimal than its multinomial/categorical counterpart (ordinal: AIC 567.55, BIC 635.67; multinomial: AIC 616.59, BIC 723.83). Both models, nevertheless, identified five common factors of relevance to suicidal diathesis: gender, disruptive disorders, childhood anxiousness and abuse, and suicidal thoughts. CONCLUSIONS: Non-fatal suicidal behaviors in adolescents and young adults are more common than suggested by cross-sectional studies and parental reports. The dimensional model may be more useful in explaining the relationship of suicide attempts of different age of onset.     

Childhood body-focused behaviors and social behaviors as risk factors of eating disorders

BACKGROUND: The risk factors for adolescent eating disorders are poorly understood. It is generally agreed, however, that interactions with one's body and interactions with others are two important features in the development of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Therefore, we assessed a variety of childhood body-focused behaviors and childhood social behaviors in eating-disordered patients as compared to non-eating-disordered subjects. METHOD: We compared 50 female inpatients with eating disorders (anorexia or bulimia nervosa), 50 female inpatients with polysubstance dependence, and 50 nonpatient female control subjects with no history of eating or substance abuse disorders (all defined by DSM-IV criteria), using a semi-structured interview of our own design. We asked questions about (1) childhood body-focused behaviors (e.g. thumb-sucking) and body-focused family experiences (e.g. bodily caresses), and (2) childhood social behaviors (e.g. numbers of close friends) and family social styles (e.g. authoritarian upbringing). RESULTS: Many body-focused measures, such as feeding problems, auto-aggressive behavior, lack of maternal caresses, and family taboos regarding nudity and sexuality, characterized eating-disordered patients as opposed to both comparison groups, as did several social behaviors, such as adjustment problems at school and lack of close friends. However, nail-biting, insecure parental bonding, and childhood physical and sexual abuse were equally elevated in both psychiatric groups. CONCLUSION: It appears that eating-disordered patients, as compared to substance-dependent patients and healthy controls, show a distinct pattern of body-focused and social behaviors during childhood, characterized by self-harm, a rigid and 'body-denying' family climate, and lack of intimacy.