非手术治愈新生儿NEC合并肠穿孔5例报告

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)是引起新生的期肠穿孔的常见原因之一,传统治疗方法为外科手术治疗。本文报告我院自1990年4月～1991年4月经临床及腹部X线检查证实为NEC并发肠穿孔10例,遭家长拒绝手术后以非手术疗法共治愈5例,现报告如下。     

非手术治愈新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎并肠穿孔1例

患儿,女,生后36h,主因拒乳10h由本院产科转入。第1胎第1产,孕41 6周,因脐带绕颈1周、无羊水而行剖宫产,胎盘无异常。生后阿氏评分1、5、15min均10分,入院前10h出现拒乳,无呕吐、腹泻表现。入院查体:体温36℃,心率130次/min,呼吸60次/min,体质量2450g,足月儿外貌,皮肤干燥如牛皮纸样,轻度皮肤黄染;易激惹,前囟1.5cm×1.5cm,平坦,肌张力不高;口唇轻度发绀,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音;心律齐,心音有力,未闻及杂音;腹部平,未见肠型。脐无渗血,腹软,未扪及包块,肠鸣音正常。四肢肌张力低,吸吮反射、觅食反射弱,拥抱反射亢进。诊断为新生儿HI…     

71例新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎临床分析

目的 研究新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）发病、预后及其相关因素间的关系。方法 对71例新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎在各相关因素影响下的基本分布情况、预后作一回顾性分析。结果 NEC好发于胎龄〈34周者,以非母乳喂养者居多,发病时间大多在2周内。胎龄≥34周的NEC患儿存活率明显高于胎龄〈34周的NEC患儿,尤其见于24h内开始喂养、出生后予以人工喂养和非极低出生体重的NEC患儿。结论 胎龄是影响NEC发生率和存活率的重要因素,适当延迟小胎龄儿喂乳时间、应用母乳喂养可改善其预后。     

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠合并睾丸鞘膜脓肿1例

我院近期收治1例新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎合并肠穿孔、双侧睾丸鞘膜脓肿。现报告如下。患儿,男7d,足月自然分娩,第2胎,顺产,因呕吐、发热、腹胀等在当地医院治疗无缓解,腹胀加重。以腹腔脏器穿孔转入我院。体查:T36.6℃,P169     

手术治疗新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎28例临床分析

目的探讨新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC）的临床表现、BELL分期及手术治疗高危因素。方法回顾性分析我院2008年12月至2012年12月收治的60例NEC患儿的临床资料,并将手术组28例与非手术组32例的高危因素进行比较,且将手术治愈组与死亡组预后因素进行比较。结果手术组患儿的肠呜音消失、腹壁皮肤发红、血小板〈100×10^9／L、CRP〉10mg／L、白细胞〉20×10^9／L、白细胞〈5×10^9／L、肠壁积气、代谢性酸中毒的发生比例高于非手术组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;死亡组患儿休克、代谢性酸中毒、毛细血管充盈时间〉3s、腹壁皮肤发红、白细胞〈5×10^9／L、血小板〈100×10^9／L的发生比例高于手术治愈组（P〈0．05）。结论严密观察腹部体征、动态复查白细胞及CRP、血小板计数、腹部X线对NEC的病情判断非常重要,进行BELL分期有助于合理选择治疗方案。     

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎早期诊断的探讨(附73例临床分析)

为了提高对新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）的早期诊断的认识。本文将1990～1995年我院收住的73例NEC患儿按发病年龄≤3天分为A组，＞3天的分为B组。对其诱因、症状，X线等分别进行比较。结果：对于有窒息缺氧、感染的患儿，临床出现腹胀、呕吐，体温波动以及X线出现肠管扩张充气，排列紊乱，肠间隙增宽的表现应早期诊断为NEC，并提出内科治疗方案和外科手术指征。     

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的研究近况

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)是新生儿(特别是早产儿)最常见和最严重的胃肠道疾病之一。近几十年来对NEC 的病因和病理生理进行了大量研究。本文就NEC 的近年研究进展作一简要综述。发病机理目前,有关NEC 的发病机制尚不完全清楚。早期观点认为肠道缺血缺氧是NEC 发病的重要因素。早产儿许多疾病(如窒息、休克、贫血和先心病等)和不少治疗措施都可造成胃肠缺血,而使肠道粘膜屏障受破坏继发细菌侵入。细菌发酵产生大量     

Recurrent neonatal gastro-intestinal problems after spontaneous intestinal perforation

To identify intestinal complications during the neonatal period following spontaneous isolated intestinal perforation (SIP). A retrospective case notes review was undertaken of all patients with a diagnosis of SIP, confirmed at laparotomy or post-mortem, admitted between January 2000 and January 2005. Patients with confirmed gastric perforation were excluded as were patients with proven necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) or suspected, but not confirmed, SIP. Seventeen patients, median gestation 27 weeks and median birth weight 780 g, were treated by drain alone (1), drain and later laparotomy (4) or primary laparotomy (12). Eight patients required enterostomy formation at primary laparotomy (1 jejunostomy, 1 colostomy and 6 ileostomy). Five babies died in the neonatal period and three later in the first year. Nine patients (53%) had ten subsequent episodes of intestinal pathology requiring surgical intervention between 5 and 136 days later comprising early recurrent isolated perforation (2), NEC (3), milk curd obstruction with or without perforation (3) and adhesion obstruction (2). Secondary surgery involved laparotomy in eight patients, five of whom required formation or re-formation of a stoma, and palliative drain insertion in one patient. Recurrent intestinal pathology requiring surgical intervention during the neonatal period occurred in 53% of babies with SIP. Surgeons and neonatologists should be aware that this group of patients are prone to further intestinal pathology.     

Neonatal intestinal perforation in Hirschsprung's disease

Over a period of 18 years, 77 of 135 patients treated for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) presented in the neonatal period. Of these 77 patients, 8 had gastrointestinal (GI) perforations. Seven patients were born at full term and 1 at 32 weeks of gestation. Three patients had associated trisomy 21. The site of perforation included rectum in 1 patient, sigmoid in 1, descending colon in 1, transverse colon in 2, caecum in 2, and jejunum in 1. Perforations occurred in ganglionic bowel in 7 patients and in the aganglionic segment in 1. One patient died in the newborn period of overwhelming sepsis secondary to enterocolitis, and histology of the bowel confirmed HD. In 6 patients HD was confirmed on barium enema and suction rectal biopsy, and they subsequently underwent a definitive pull-through operation. The 1 patient in whom the initial barium enema was normal continued to suffer from constipation until the age of 7 years, when the diagnosis of HD was established. He then underwent a pull-through procedure with no further problems. An association between neonatal intestinal perforation and HD must therefore be recognised to avoid delay in the management. Correspondence to: P. Puri     

Spontaneous biliary perforation and necrotizing enterocolitis

A case of spontaneous bile-duct perforation in a 5-month-old boy with a history of necrotizing enterocolitis in his 1st week of life is reported. To our knowledge, this is the second case reported with such an antecedent, supporting a vascular etiology for some cases of spontaneous biliary perforation. Accepted: 7 July 1998     

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎手术介入治疗的临床分析

目的：评价新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）手术介入治疗的高危因素、预后因素及手术时机。方法：选取2001年10月至2011年10月10年间入住新生儿重症监护室的62例NEC早产儿患者。根据患儿是否需要手术治疗分为手术组（n=20）和非手术组（n=42）。比较两组患儿的一般资料、合并症、临床症状、实验室检查、治疗方法、预后等各因素。结果：呼吸窘迫综合征发生率、肠鸣音消失比例、CRP及血小板水平、血培养阳性比例、X线表现为气腹和固定肠绊及机械通气比例在两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。手术组患儿预后因素分析显示治愈患儿多处穿孔率及循环衰竭率显著低于死亡患儿,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。手术组20例患儿中,19例（95％）在NEC诊断后1周进行手术,15例顺利完成手术。结论：NEC手术介入治疗的高危因素是多因素的;手术的预后与肠道病变及是否循环衰竭有关。NEC手术时间一般在NEC诊断后1周内。     

影响新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎预后的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC)预后的危险因素.方法对1990年4月至2003年4月收治156例NEC患儿进行回顾性分析.结果早产儿41例,足月儿110例,过期产儿5例.发病时间≤3d 94例,>3d 62例.治愈66例(42.3%),好转39例(25%),放弃14例(9%),死亡37例(23.7%).单因素分析发现NEC患儿病死组较治愈组合并或并发败血症、硬肿症、呼吸衰竭、全腹膜炎、颅内出血、代谢性酸中毒、低钠血症、肺出血、全心衰、肾功能衰竭、休克、中毒性脑病者发生率高,P<0.05.治愈组白细胞≤5×109/L或≥20×109/L为21.2%(14/66),病死组为45.9%(17/37),χ2=6.894,P<0.01.治愈组血小板计数(PLT)≤100×109/L发生率为18.2%(12/66),病死组为59.5%(22/37),χ2=18.268,P<0.001.治愈组腹部X线Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期表现发生率分别为74.2%、18.2%、7.6%,病死组分别为40.5%、24.3%、35.1%,χ2=15.077,P<0.0017.回归方程Logistic(NEC)=-2.1452+1.2971X2+1.6557X7+1.7707X10+1.7825X12+3.2555X15(χ2=24.5953,P<0.001).Logistic回归分析显示全腹膜炎、新生儿硬肿症、低钠血症、PLT≤100×109/L、呼吸衰竭的OR值分别为3.659、5.237、5.875、5.981、25.933(P<0.05).结论全腹膜炎、新生儿硬肿症、低钠血症、PLT≤100×109/L、呼吸衰竭为影响NEC预后的危险因素,积极防治NEC各种合并症及并发症,有助于降低其病死率.     

足月新生儿及小婴儿自发性肠穿孔的特点和手术方式探讨

目的 分析足月新生儿及小婴儿自发性肠穿孔(spontaneous intestinal perforation,SIP)的临床特征及手术方法,为该阶段患儿SIP的手术治疗提供参考.方法 搜集2005年1月至2015年1月在武汉市儿童医院新生儿外科手术治疗的320例新生儿及小婴儿(＜3个月)肠穿孔病例,筛选出符合SIP定义的8例手术患儿,回顾分析其肠穿孔特点及手术方式.结果 6例患儿术前有腹泻病史.穿孔处位于回肠对系膜缘,距离回盲部3～25 cm,穿孔直径3～10 mm.8例中有2例表现出多处穿孔,分别行肠切除、肠吻合术和肠造瘘术.6例单处穿孔者,1例行肠造瘘术,5例行肠修补或肠切除、肠吻合术.肠造瘘患儿有1例术后3周出现瘘口狭窄及肠粘连性梗阻,行粘连松解及关瘘手术,另1例术后伤口感染.一期手术病例均顺利康复.结论 足月儿SIP发病前多有腹泻表现.除穿孔及临近穿孔处肠管外,肠管病变局限.术中宜根据情况采用个体化的治疗,实施一期手术安全可行.     

肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白和粪钙卫蛋白联合检测在足月新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎中的应用价值

目的 探讨肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白 （I-FABP）、粪钙卫蛋白 （FC）联合检测在足月新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎 （NEC）诊断中的应用价值。方法 选择足月新生儿NEC36例 （病例组）和同期非消化系统疾病新生儿39例 （对照组）为研究对象。采用酶联免疫吸附法 （ELISA）分别检测两组患儿血清I-FABP及粪便中FC的水平,并评估I-FABP联合FC诊断NEC的临床价值。结果 病例组I-FABP和FC显著高于对照组 （P < 0.05）;病例组患儿血清I-FABP与粪便中FC呈现正相关 （r=0.71,P < 0.05）;分别以I-FABP、FC及两指标联合为参考,诊断NEC的敏感性分别为83.3%,81.5%和79.5%;特异性分别为72.5%,75.8和86.3%,诊断的ROC曲线下面积 （AUC）分别为0.82,0.81和0.88。联合检测诊断NEC的特异性和AUC明显高于单一检测 （P < 0.05）。结论 I-FABP与FC在NCE患儿显著升高,且两者存在相关性,联合检查可提高诊断NEC的特异性。     

Prenatal and neonatal intussusception

Intussusception found in the 1st month of life is rare and usually discussed as one entity, neonatal intussusception, but in fact, includes the intussusceptions occurring both prenatally and neonatally, of which the clinical presentations and results are different. Four full-term babies with prenatal intussusception presenting as intestinal atresia (IA) and three premature babies with neonatal intussusception mimicking necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are presented. Prenatal intussusception, as one of the causes of IA produces prominent signs of intestinal obstruction immediately after birth. Preoperative evaluation usually fails to yield a definitive diagnosis, but surgery is usually performed in time and is successful. In neonatal intussusception, full-term infants usually have a pathological lead point and the colon is almost always involved. A barium enema is thus useful in diagnosis. Premature babies, on the other hand, rarely have a colonic component, and the clinical features are insidious and similar to NEC. This results in diagnostic confusion that may lead to a dangerous delay in appropriate surgical correction. A high level of suspicion about this condition in cases diagnosed presumptively with NEC is important. Serial abdominal sonograms may be helpful in the early diagnosis of neonatal intussusception.     

Focal intestinal perforation in extremely-low-birth-weight neonates: etiological consideration from histological findings

In Japan, mortality due to intestinal perforation has been increasing for the last 15 years, as the survival rate of extremely-low-birth-weight neonates (ELBWs) has been increasing. In our NICU, although the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis has been decreasing, that of focal intestinal perforation (FIP) has been increasing. To elucidate the pathogenesis of FIP, a histological study was performed. For the last 20 years, in our NICU, 11 ELBWs with FIP, including one with multiple perforations and impending rupture, underwent laparotomy and enterostomy. The intestinal wall around the perforation was resected for histological study. Histological studies revealed well-developed ganglion cells in all the cases. Although some lymphocytic infiltration and hemorrhage were observed, no apparent neutrophilic infiltration, or necrotic change was identified in any case. No evidence of microcirculatory impairment was identified. The intestinal musculature discontinued abruptly with thinning in three cases, and without thinning in the others. The histology of impending rupture showed an absence of the muscularis with preservation of the remaining components of the bowel wall. The findings that the punched-out perforations had the appearance of Hirschsprung’s disease, FIP exclusively occurred in ELBWs, and that neither mechanical obstruction nor necrotic change could be identified as the cause of the perforation suggest that immature bowel movement and congenital muscle defects may be involved in the pathogenesis of FIP.     

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎血浆肠脂肪酸结合蛋白水平变化的意义

目的 探讨血浆肠脂肪酸结合蛋白（I-FABP）水平变化在指导新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）诊断及治疗中的意义.方法 选择2011年5月至2012年12月我院新生儿科收治的患儿,按入院先后顺序,以明确诊断NEC的50例新生儿为NEC组,其中NECⅡ期30例,NECⅢ期20例,以非NEC新生儿50例为对照组.NEC组在确诊后24 h内、对照组在相应日龄取血,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血浆I-FABP水平,根据NEC患儿病情转归分为存活组及病死组,按治疗方法分为保守治疗组和手术治疗组,比较不同组间血浆I-FABP水平、新生儿危重病例评分（NCIS）分值、脓毒症的发生率及病死率.结果 NECⅡ期组、NECⅢ期组和对照组血浆I-FABP水平分别为（95.6±18.5） μmol/L、（151.2±10.8）μmol/L和（1.2±2.3）μmol/L,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;NECⅡ期组和NECⅢ期组NCIS评分明显低于对照组,脓毒症发生率和病死率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,NECⅡ期组和NECⅢ期组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.病死组血浆I-FABP水平、脓毒症发生率高于存活组,NCIS评分低于存活组;保守治疗组I-FABP水平低于手术治疗组,NCIS评分高于手术治疗组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 血浆I-FABP水平可较敏感地反映NEC患儿的病情变化,可作为预测NEC病情严重程度及指导采取内外科治疗的指标之一.