蛋白质组学技术在心血管疾病研究中的应用

蛋白质组学是现代科技的前沿,蛋白质芯片是20世纪末出现的最新一代生物芯片,因其高通量、高敏感、高效快捷等优点被广泛应用于生命科学领域,并取得一系列突破性进展。本文概述了蛋白质组学在心血管疾病的致病机制和临床治疗等相关领域的研究进展。     

蛋白质组学主要技术及在肿瘤诊断中的应用

目前随着人类基因序列破译相继完成[1],蛋白质组研究已成为目前生命科学发展中不可或缺的一部分.相同基因在不同条件、不同时期可能会引起完全不同的作用,加上翻译后修饰作用如磷酸化、糖基化、乙酰化、羟基化以及蛋白质自剪接等,都会使蛋白质的结构功能发生变异.蛋白质的变异与疾病的发生关系最为密切,通过对正常及病理个体之间的蛋白质组的比较和分析,从中找出某些疾病的特异性蛋白质分子,可能成为疾病尤其是肿瘤的早期诊断的分子标志.     

蛋白质组学在胰腺癌中的研究进展

胰腺癌是一种常见的恶性肿瘤,迫切需要早期诊断及治疗。快速发展的蛋白质组学技术为探讨胰腺癌发生的分子机制、发现新的肿瘤标记物及治疗靶点提供了新的手段,在胰腺癌研究中显示出巨大的前景。     

蛋白质组学及其在心房颤动中的研究进展

心房颤动是最常见的快速心律失常之一,其发生发展机制一直未得到完整的阐述。探讨心房颤动发生发展的分子机制,寻找预防、早期诊断的生物标记和干预治疗心房颤动的靶点,已成为当今心房颤动研究的热点。随着后基因组时代的来临,蛋白质组学为复杂的心房颤动机制的研究提供了一个全新的视角。现就心房颤动的蛋白质组学研究进展作简要综述。     

阿尔茨海默病脑组织的蛋白质组学研究进展

国外已广泛应用蛋白质组学从脑组织、脑脊液、血浆等方面对阿尔茨海默病(AD)进行研究,而我国的研究也正在与国际同步展开[1]。下面主要从AD患者脑组织的蛋白质组学研究方面进行综述。1蛋白质组学的起源与发展蛋白质组由澳大利亚学者Williams和Wilkins于1994年首先提出[2]。1995     

蛋白质组学及其在胰腺癌中的研究进展

人类基因组序列图谱的公布,标志着分子生物学的发展进入了一个新的阶段。但是,每一种生命运动形式都是特定蛋白质群体在特定的时间和空间出现,并发挥特定功能的结果。基因只是遗传信息的载体,要研究生命现象,阐释生命活动的规律,仅仅了解基因组的结构是远远不够的,这也使得人们对于生命活动的直接执行者——蛋白质的重要性有了更深刻的理解。因此,对蛋白质的数量、结构、性质、相互关系和生物学功能进行全面和深入的研究,成为生命科学研究的迫切需要和重要任务。本文就蛋白质组学基本概念、研究技术和胰腺癌蛋白质组学研究进展作一综述。     

蛋白质组学技术在恶性血液系统疾病中的应用

人类基因组序列草图完成后，生命科学进入了“后基因组时代”，研究的重点转向了对功能复杂的蛋白质的研究。蛋白质作为功能基因的直接体现者，是生命活动和生物结构最主要的承担者。蛋白质组学是上世纪90年代中期产生的一门新兴学科，随着这项技术的不断发展，人们可以从细胞蛋白水平研究肿瘤等多种疾病的发病机制，筛选鉴定与疾病相关的生物学标记，寻找药物作用靶点，分析疾病的预后等。     

蛋白质组学技术在心血管疾病中的研究进展

蛋白质组学作为后基因组时代生命科学研究的核心内容之一,其发展对于心血管疾病的研究非常重要及时。近几年心血管疾病的蛋白质组学研究主要集中在心脏蛋白质组学,而在血管蛋白质组学方面刚刚起步。本文介绍蛋白质组学技术及其在心血管疾病研究中的应用。     

蛋白质组学技术在心血管疾病中的研究进展

蛋白质组学作为后基因组时代生命科学研究的核心内容之一,其发展对于心血管疾病的研究非常重要及时.近几年心血管疾病的蛋白质组学研究主要集中在心脏蛋白质组学,而在血管蛋白质组学方面刚刚起步.本文介绍蛋白质组学技术及其在心血管疾病研究中的应用.     

蛋白质组学在消化系统肿瘤中的研究进展

蛋白质组学是系统研究分子体系、亚细胞系、细胞、组织、器官乃至整体等生物体系内蛋白质组成及其活动规律的科学。近些年来,它已成为全面分析蛋白质表达变化的有力研究工具,并被广泛应用到各种疾病研究之中。此文旨在介绍蛋白质组学的相关研究技术及其在消化系统肿瘤中的应用。     

Technological advances in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer

Radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy and surgery represent the main treatment modalities in esophageal cancer.The goal of modern radiotherapy approaches,based on recent technological advances,is to minimize post-treatment complications by improving the gross tumor volume definition (positron emission tomography-based planning),reducing interfraction motion (image-guided radiotherapy) and intrafraction motion (respiratory-gated radiotherapy),and by better dose delivery to the precisely defined planning ...     

内镜超声检查术在食管癌术前分期的临床应用

目的探讨内镜超声检查术(EUS)对食管癌术前分期的作用及其临床意义。方法依据UICC1997年分期标准，对61例食管癌患者术前行EUS临床分期，并与术后病理分期相比较。结果术前EUS对T亚组的临床分期较易，其总准确率为86．9％；而N亚组的临床分期较难，其总准确率为52．5％，敏感性和特异性分别为88．9％及23．5％。结论EUS能较准确的判断食管癌的浸润深度，对N分期的准确性有待于进一步提高。EUS可作为术前治疗方法选择、手术可切除性预测的重要依据。     

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in esophageal carcinoma in Greece

AIM:To detect human papillomavirus(HPV)in theesophageal mucosa and the possible relationship with esophageal cancer in Greece.METHODS:Forty-nine patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)and esophageal biopsy at a university hospital that acts as a referral center for Northern Greece.Nineteen of these patients(14 male and 5 female)had esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and 30(15 male and 15 female)did not have any reported esophageal malignancy.Histopathological assessment was followed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of all the samples.Patient demographic data(age,sex,and place of birth)and information regarding smoking habits,alcohol consumption or sexual habits were collected.A method of statistical interference,verification of hypotheses based on homogeneity and independentχ2 test,was used.RESULTS:From the 49 patients that underwent EGD and biopsy,19 had ESCC and 30 had normal esophageal mucosa,with a mean age of 65.2 years.Regarding the prevalence of oncogenic risk factors for esophageal carcinoma,an interesting conclusion was that 78%of the patients used tobacco and almost one-third had multiple sexual partners,whereas only 20%of the patients consumed alcohol,which was not statistically significant,when compared to the control group.In the ESCC group,the only two positive samples were among the male patients(2/14 male patients with ESCC,14.5%).No HPV was identified in the control group.The predominant HPV types identified were 11 and 31,which have a low malignancy potential.The presence of HPV DNA in the ESCC group was not statistically significant,95%confidence interval(χ2=3.292,P=0.07).CONCLUSION:This is the first relevant study in Greece,and despite the lack of statistical significance,the issue of HPV infection and ESCC does merit further investigation.     

Radiotherapy for nodal recurrence after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma

Background To evaluate the treatment outcome of radiotherapy for nodal recurrence after definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma.Methods Between 1996 and 2001, ten patients with isolated nodal recurrence after definitive chemoradiotherapy received radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. The site of recurrence was the mediastinum in five patients, the celiac node in four patients, and the supraclavicular fossa in one patient. All sites of nodal recurrence were outside the previous irradiated area and without local recurrence or distant metastases. Radiotherapy was given with three-dimensional conformal technique, and an average total dose was 60Gy. Eight patients received chemotherapy concurrently with radiotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of two cycles of cisplatin and 5-FU.Results The control rate of the irradiated region was eight of ten patients. The size of all controlled lesions was 3cm or less in diameter. In five patients, distant metastases developed to other organs and caused death. Two patients survived without disease for 5 years and three patients survived 2 years or more. In four patients with an interval of 2 years or longer between the previous treatment and nodal recurrence, three patients survived without disease. Improvement of clinical symptoms such as dysphagia or hoarseness was obtained in five of six patients.Conclusions Radiotherapy for isolated nodal recurrence of esophageal carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy is suggested to be safe and effective. This treatment is promising as well as palliative.     

Epstein-Barr virus association is rare in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background. A critical role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma is strongly suspected. We analyzed the possible EBV association for Japanese squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-dominant esophageal cancer cases. Methods. We retrospectively screened 36 surgically resected esophageal cancer lesions from 36 patients maily with SCC using in situ hybridization (ISH) for EBV-encoded small RNA1 (EBER-1). EBV DNA analysis using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was performed for three recent cases. Results. We found no EBER-1-positive cancer cell in any tested esophageal cancer lesion. There were many EBER-1-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the basaloid SCC lesion and a small number of positive lymphocytes in the other five advanced SCC lesions (14.7% of SCC). One SCC lesion with a highcopy number of EBV DNA had EBER-1-positive lymphocytes. Conclusions. EBV is rarely associated with esophageal SCC, and may appear through tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in some advanced lesions.     

Clinicopathologic factors influencing the accuracy of EUS for superficial esophageal carcinoma

AIM: To identify clinicopathologic factors influencing the accuracy of a high-frequency catheter probe endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for superficial esophageal carcinomas (SECs).METHODS: A total of 126 patients with endoscopically suspected SEC, who underwent EUS and curative treatment at Pusan National University Hospital during 2005-2013, were enrolled. We reviewed the medical records of the 126 patients and compared EUS findings with histopathologic results according to clinicopathologic factors.RESULTS: A total of 114 lesions in 113 patients were included in the final analysis. The EUS assessment of tumor invasion depth was accurate in 78.9% (90/114) patients. Accuracy did not differ according to histologic type, tumor differentiation, tumor location, or macroscopic shape. However, accuracy significantly decreased for tumors ≥ 3 cm in size (P = 0.002). Overestimation and underestimation of the invasion depth occurred for 11 (9.6%) and 13 lesions (11.4%), respectively. In multivariate analyses, tumor size ≥ 3 cm was the only factor significantly associated with EUS accuracy (P = 0.031), and was specifically associated with the underestimation of invasion depth.CONCLUSION: EUS using a high-frequency catheter probe generally provides highly accurate assessments of SEC invasion depth, but its accuracy decreases for tumors ≥ 3 cm.     

The palliation of esophageal carcinoma

There has been limited success in treating esophageal carcinoma over the last 40 years. Despite improvements in radiation therapy, surgical approaches, and chemotherapy, the mortality rate from this disease has shown little change. In the majority of patients, palliation is the major issue that must be addressed. A wide variety of modalities are currently available for this purpose. The lack of comparative studies of these modalities limits our ability to make specific general recommendations. An approach to patients with esophageal carcinoma should be multidisciplinary, using available expertise to choose from the wide variety of available modalities, both established and new. Major efforts are needed to collect prospective data that will allow specific recommendations to be made regarding the best, most effective, and least expensive, methods of palliation while new methods of treatment for cure are sought.     

Human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Colombia and Chile

INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV), a double-stranded DNA virus, is recognized as an etiologic agent of cervical cancer[1]. In addition, HPV is suspected of causing extragenital cancers, including cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, and lu…     

46例食管鳞癌患者术后吻合口复发的高危因素分析

目的 探讨食管鳞癌术后吻合口复发的因素.方法 收集我院2009年9月～ 2013年12月期间在我院行食管癌根治术后出现吻合口复发的患者,应用SPSS 19.0软件对复发情况与可能的影响因素进行κ方单因素分析和Logistic多元回归分析.结果 单因素分析显示,T分期、淋巴结状况（N）分期、切缘距病灶的距离以及肿瘤的分化程度等因素与食管鳞癌的复发有关;多因素研究发现,T分期及切缘距病灶的距离是影响食管癌复发的独立危险因素.结论 食管鳞癌术后患者出现吻合口复发的风险与术后T分期（T）、淋巴结状况（N）、病理分级（G）呈负相关,切缘距病灶越近,发生吻合口复发风险亦越高.