蛋白质组学在胰腺癌早期诊断中的研究进展

蛋白质组学是继基因组学后发展起来的新学科,以蛋白质的组成及变化规律为研究内容。从蛋白质整体水平上研究肿瘤特异性的标志物及肿瘤药物治疗的靶标,对肿瘤的早期诊断和治疗有重要意义。此文阐述的是关于蛋白质组学在胰腺癌早期诊断中的研究进展。     

蛋白质组学技术在恶性肿瘤生物标志物探索中的应用

蛋白质组由澳大利亚学者Wilkins和Williams最先提出，包括细胞内基因组编码的全套蛋白质。蛋白质组学研究从细胞水平及整体水平研究蛋白构成及其变化规律，对不同生理或病理条件下蛋白表达的差异进行比较；可对特定时间和环境下细胞或组织蛋白质组进行高通量研究，为发现特定生理或病理条件下蛋白质组发生的变化提供新的技术平台，有利于发现用于早期诊断的新的恶性肿瘤生物标志物，提高恶性肿瘤的治疗水平。现将近年来蛋白质组学技术在恶性肿瘤生物标志物探索中的应用进展综述如下。     

蛋白质组学在胰腺癌早期诊断中的研究进展

蛋白质组学是继基因组学后发展起来的新学科,以蛋白质的组成及变化规律为研究内容.从蛋白质整体水平上研究肿瘤特异性的标志物及肿瘤药物治疗的靶标,对肿瘤的早期诊断和治疗有重要意义.此文阐述的是关于蛋白质组学在胰腺癌早期诊断中的研究进展.     

蛋白质组学技术在风湿性疾病中的研究进展

蛋白质组学作为一门新兴的科学和技术,已受到各学科的广泛关注,成为当前的研究热点.它可以在蛋白质水平揭示疾病的发生、发展及转归,对风湿性疾病的早期诊断、治疗及预后具有重要意义.以下对蛋白质组学及其在风湿性疾病中的研究做一综述.     

SELDI-TOF-MS技术在消化道肿瘤诊断中的应用

蛋白质组学（proteomics）是一门以全部蛋白质性质研究为基础，从蛋白质水平进一步认识生命活动的机理和疾病发生的机制，蛋白质组研究是对生物体在蛋白质水平定量、动态、整体性的研究，是继基因组学后一个重要的研究热点。随着蛋白组学技术、高同量技术及生物信息技术的飞速发展，蛋白质芯片表面加强激光解吸电离．飞行时间．质谱 （ surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry, SELDI-TOF-MS） 技术应运而生。它是蛋白质组学中用于筛选和鉴定一种蛋白质标志物的新技术，目前已在某些肿瘤生物标志物筛选方面取得突破性进展，并有效地应用于癌症的早期诊断.     

蛋白质组学在人类疾病研究中的应用

蛋白质组学是后基因组时代生命科学研究的热点和前沿领域,应用蛋白质组学对临床疾病进行研究,不仅从蛋白质水平上揭示疾病的本质,还有助于全面探讨其病理生理机制,寻找诊断和预后标志物,发现药物治疗靶点。目前蛋白质组学广泛用于肿瘤、心血管疾病和肾脏疾病等领域。     

蛋白质组学技术在风湿性疾病研究中的应用

蛋白质组学是在蛋白质水平定量、动态、整体的研究生物体的一门新兴学科。双向电泳技术、质谱技术和生物信息学是蛋白质组学的三大支撑技术。蛋白质组学技术已应用于类风湿关节炎、干燥综合征等多种风湿性疾病的研究,旨在发现早期诊断标志物,评价治疗效果及判断预后。     

MALDI-TOF-MS技术应用于肝细胞癌蛋白质组学的研究进展

蛋白质组学（proteomics）是从整体水平对蛋白质进行研究的一门重要学科。蛋白质组学技术为开展HCC研究建立了新的技术平台并已经做了大量工作，筛选出有潜在价值的用于HCC诊断和预后的蛋白及发现新的治疗药物靶点，为HCC的诊断和治疗带来新的机遇。基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱是蛋白质组学研究的核心技术之一。作者拟从MALDI—TOF-MS技术在肝细胞癌蛋白质组学研究中的应用方面作一综述。     

蛋白质组学技术在消化疾病研究中的应用

随着人类基因组草图的初步完成,生命科学已经跨入“蛋白质组学”的新时代。蛋白质组学以基因组编码的所有蛋白为研究对象,从细胞水平及整体水平上研究蛋白质的组成及其变化规律,从而深入认识有机体的各种生理和病理过程。蛋白质组学主要包含3个方面:(1)表达蛋白质组学(expressi     

肿瘤线粒体蛋白质组学研究进展

在癌症的发生发展过程中,涉及很多蛋白质的表达和表达水平的变化以及蛋白质生物活性的变化.利用蛋白质组学技术来分析肿瘤,并建立各种肿瘤的蛋白质组的数据库和分析软件,以及在肿瘤中的应用的分支学科,称为"肿瘤蛋白质组学".它将为获得诊断、预测肿瘤的分子标志、治疗、药物筛选和分析肿瘤的发生发展机制提供重要的科学依据.肿瘤是多因素多步骤发展的产物,至今已有多项研究结果表明,线粒体蛋白质组的改变与多种肿瘤有明确的相关性.深入研究肿瘤线粒体蛋白质组与肿瘤的关系,对阐明细胞的癌变机制以及肿瘤的早期诊断及治疗具有重要的意义.     

Multiple von Meyenburg complexes mimicking diffuse liver metastases from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Von Meyenburg complexes are benign liver lesions consisting of adenomatous bile duct proliferates. We present two patients suffering from esophageal cancer accompanied by the occurrence of von Meyenburg complexes. Preoperative computerized tomography (CT) of the liver had not shown these lesions. In one of the patients, diffuse nodular manifestation was found in both liver lobes, mimicking diffuse hepatic metastases. Intraoperative frozen section revealed the benign nature of the lesions in both cases. The patients underwent esophageal resection without complications. To the best of our knowledge, the coincidence of von Meyenburg complexes and esophageal cancer has never been reported before. This uncommon entity should be taken into consideration as a differential diagnosis of liver lesions in malignancies. It underlines the importance of intraoperative frozen section for liver lesions of unknown origin.     

Value of long non-coding RNA Rpph1 in esophageal cancer and its effect on cancer cell sensitivity to radiotherapy

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is a common digestive tract tumor that is generally treated with radiotherapy. Poor responses to radiotherapy in most patients generally result in local radiotherapy failure, so it is essential to find new radiosensitizers that can enhance the response of cancer cells to radiotherapy and improve the survival of esophageal cancer patients with radiation resistance. The long noncoding RNA(lnc RNA) Rpph1 is highly expressed in human gastric cancer tissues, and represses breast cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.However, the expression of lnc RNA Rpph1 in esophageal cancer and its relationship with radio-sensitivity has not been studied.AIM To explore the value of lnc RNA Rpph1 in esophageal cancer and its effect on cancer cell sensitivity to radiotherapy.METHODS Eighty-three patients with esophageal cancer admitted to Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and 90 healthy participants who received physical examinations were collected as research participants. The expression of Rpph1 was determined by q RT-PCR. si RNA-NC and si RNA-Rpph1 were transfected into esophageal cancer cell lines, and cells without transfection were designated as the blank control group. Cell survival was tested by colony formation assays,and the levels of proteins related to apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions were determined by Western blot assays. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assays, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, and cell migration by wound-healing assays. Changes in cell cycle distribution were monitored.RESULTSRpph1 was highly expressed in esophageal carcinoma, making it a promising marker for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Rpph1 could also be used to distinguish different short-term responses, T stages, N stages, and clinical stages of esophageal cancer patients. The results of 3-year overall survival favored patients with lower Rpph1 expression over patients with higher Rpph1 expression(P 0.05). In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that silencing Rpph1 expression led to higher sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to radiotherapy, stronger apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells induced by radiotherapy, higher expression of Bax and caspase-3, and lower expression of Bcl-2(Bax, caspase-3, and Bcl-2 are apoptosis-related proteins). Additionally,silencing Rpph1 attenuated radiation-induced G2/M phase arrest, and significantly inhibited the expression of proteins involved in cell proliferation,migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulation in esophageal cancer cells.CONCLUSION Rpph1 is highly expressed in esophageal cancer. Silencing Rpph1 expression can promote cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and migration, and increase radio-sensitivity.     

食管鳞状细胞癌中转移相关lncRNAs的生物学和临床相关性

食管鳞状细胞癌是世界上最常见的癌症之一,转移快、预后差、死亡人数多。其中主要的死亡原因之一是转移。转移是由一系列细胞信号通路多方面共同作用的过程。长非编码RNA(lncRNAs)作为转录调控因子,可以调控多种基因组过程和细胞过程,如细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭等。lncRNAs也被证明参与/调节与肿瘤转移相关的信号通路。因此,它们在分子肿瘤学研究中越来越受关注。许多研究人员试图揭示lncRNAs在食管癌发生和转移中的生物学和临床相关性,包括诊断、预后和治疗反应。本文就lncRNAs在食管癌转移中的生物学作用以及转移相关的lncRNAs在肿瘤诊断和预后中的临床意义作一综述。     

Unchanging pattern of prevalence of esophageal cancer,overall and by histological subtype,in the endoscopy service of the main referral hospital in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State,in Southern Brazil

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) are the two main histological types of esophageal cancer. Southern Brazil has the highest rates of esophageal cancer in South America, and the most prevalent subtype of esophageal cancer has been SCC. This study assessed the trend changes in the histological types of esophageal cancer, in a 20‐year period, in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. We searched all cases of esophageal cancer from 1993 to 2012 by their histological diagnosis, grouping the patients in 4‐year time periods to evaluate time trends. Among 18 441 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies we identified 686 cases of esophageal cancer. Histological study confirmed the diagnosis of SCC in 640 (93.3%) patients and ADC in 46 (6.7%). Overall, 522 men were diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma; from these, 489 (93.6%) presented SCC, and 33 (6.3%) ADC. Among women, 164 had the diagnosis of esophageal cancer, 151 (92%) SCC, and 13 (7.9%) ADC. The proportion found among men and women was 3.1:1, respectively. The prevalence rate of esophageal cancer, along a 20 year‐period, remained stable, as well as the rates of SCC and ADC. SCC was the most common type of esophageal cancer, and ADC presented very low prevalence.     

Androgens and esophageal cancer: What do we know?

Significant disparities exist between genders for the development and progression of several gastro-intestinal (GI) diseases including cancer. Differences in incidence between men vs women for colon, gastric and hepatocellular cancers suggest a role for steroid sex hormones in regulation of GI carcinogenesis. Involvement of intrinsic gender-linked mechanisms is also possible for esophageal adenocarcinoma as its incidence is disproportionally high among men. However, the cause of the observed gender differences and the potential role of androgens in esophageal carcinogenesis remains unclear, even though the cancer-promoting role of androgen receptors (AR) shown in other cancers such as prostate and bladder suggests this aspect warrants exploration. Several studies have demonstrated expression of ARs in esophageal cancer. However, only one study has suggested a potential link between AR signaling and outcome - poorer prognosis. Two groups have analyzed data from cohorts with prostate cancer and one of these found a decreased incidence of esophageal squamous and adenocarcinoma after androgen deprivation therapy. However, very limited information is available about the effects of androgen and AR-initiated signaling on esophageal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Possible mechanisms for androgens/AR involvement in the regulation of esophageal cancer growth are considered, and the potential use of AR as a prognostic factor and clinical target is highlighted, although insufficient evidence is available to support clinical trials of novel therapies. As esophageal adenocarcinoma is a gender linked cancer with a large male predominance further studies are warranted to clarify the role of androgens and ARs in shaping intracellular signaling and genomic responses in esophageal cancer.     

EUS-guided mucosectomy for gastrointestinal cancer.

INTRODUCTION: the only way of improving prognosis and survival in gastrointestinal cancer is early diagnosis, with intramucosal localization as confirmed by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) or 20-MHz miniprobes (MPs) (T1) being most appropriate. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has proven effective in the treatment of this sort of lesions. PATIENTS AND METHOD: in a group (18 cases) with 15 cases of superficial gastrointestinal cancer and 3 cases of severe gastric dysplasia, 9 cases (3 esophageal, 4 gastric, 2 rectal) underwent a classic EMR following EUS or a 7.5- and 20-MHz miniprobe exploration. RESULTS: ultrasonographic studies showed a T1 in all but one esophageal case (Tis), and in both gastric dysplasias, with no changed layer structure being demonstrated in the latter (T0). No complications arose with classic EMR, and all 9 patients are alive and free from local or metastatic recurrence, except for one esophageal case, which recurred distally to the esophageal lesion (metachronous). CONCLUSIONS: echoendoscopically-assisted EMR is a safe, effective technique in the endoscopic management of superficial gastrointestinal (esophageal, gastric, colorectal) cancer. Recurrence most likely depends upon cancer multiplicity.     

联合内镜诊断模型在早期食管癌诊断中的应用价值探讨

目的 探讨全新联合内镜诊断模型在提高早期食管癌诊断率中的应用价值.方法 选取2018年1月至2019年1月期间就诊福建省食管癌早诊早治促进联盟中高发区多家医院疑诊早期食管癌/癌前病变患者共206例作为研究对象.根据病理诊断结果分为高级别上皮内瘤变/食管癌组和炎症/低级别上皮内瘤变组,对比超声内镜(EUS)、碘染色素内镜...     

Capsule endoscopy--state of the art

Capsule endoscopy is a new technology that was recently introduced into clinical practice for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases. As of today, three different capsule types have been produced, designed for the exploration of the small bowel (PillCam SB), the esophagus (PillCam ESO) and the colon (PillCam Colon). The PillCam SB has gained widespread acceptance as a powerful tool for the diagnosis of bleeding from the small bowel as well as for other indications. The PillCam ESO has been used to study patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, for the screening of Barrett's esophagus, and for the screening and surveillance of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. The results of the pilot studies carried out with this capsule have been encouraging. Large-scale studies are ongoing. The evaluation of the potential of the PillCam Colon capsule is still in its infancy: the two pilot studies published showed that this capsule can produce high-quality images of the colon. The potential of this capsule for clinical purposes, such as colon cancer screening, needs to be evaluated.     

Magnifying endoscopic observation of superficial esophageal carcinoma

The depth of tumor invasion of esophageal cancers is one of the most important indicators for predicting lymph node metastasis, so much effort has been directed toward improving the diagnosis of tumor invasion, especially in cases of super?cial esophageal cancer. Ultra‐high magnifying endoscopic observation for esophageal cancer was performed using an Olympus Q240Z, which has a 100 × magnifying capacity. We succeeded in observing looped capillary vessels inside the papillae (intrapapillary capillary loop: IPCL). The IPCL inside an m1 cancer showed abnormal changes such as ‘dilation, weaving, changes in caliber, variety of shapes’. Furthermore, we found that super?cial esophageal cancers show characteristic changes according to the depth of invasion. In our investigation, the rate of accurate diagnosis using magnifying endoscopy for super?cial esophageal cancers was 83.1% in cases for which ?ne pictures were obtained. Observations of the microvascular architecture of super?cial esophageal carcinoma using magnifying endoscopy are useful for diagnosing the depth of tumor invasion, especially for super?cial cancers with invasion reaching to the muscularis mucosae (m3) and slightly into the submucosa (sm1) esophageal cancer.     

非编码RNA在分化型甲状腺癌分子诊断中的作用

分化型甲状腺癌占全部甲状腺癌的90％以上,主要包括乳头状癌和滤泡状癌.目前,细针穿刺抽吸活检是术前诊断甲状腺肿瘤的金标准,但仍存在一定的局限性,且临床上尚无理想的分子标志物用于确诊.非编码RNA是无蛋白编码功能的RNA,主要包括微小RNA (miRNA)和长链非编码RNA (lncRNA),二者在甲状腺癌的发生、发展中起重要作用,其在分化型甲状腺癌分子诊断中的作用日益受到人们的关注,有望成为甲状腺癌诊断与分类的理想标志物.