前列腺增生症尿视黄醇结合蛋白测定的临床意义

目的了解良性前列腺增生症(BPH)产生的下尿路梗阻对肾功能损害.方法新鲜随意尿10ml测定视黄醇结合蛋白(retinol-binding protein RBP)测定,同时测定血尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr)水平;B超测定残余尿.结果残余尿量50～100ml,尿RBP24.30±5.9μg/mmol,BUN6.2±7.21mmol/l,Cr112.21±31.86μmol/l;残余尿量100～300ml,尿RBP29.30±4.87μg/mmol,BUN6.9±6.18mmol/l,Cr94±1.02μmol/l;尿潴留,尿RBP33.33±5.0μg/mmol,,BUN7.04±4.32mmol/l,Cr127±6.31μmol/l.结论 RBP与残余尿量呈正相关.     

影响2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白/肌酐值的相关因素分析

目的研究2型糖尿病患者血压、血脂、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、体重指数(BMI)、体重等对尿白蛋白/肌酐的影响.方法对538名2型糖尿病患者采血、留取晨尿,分别测定其空腹血糖、血脂、HbA1c、晨尿白蛋白(Alb)、肌酐(Cr),计算Alb/Cr(mg/mmol),测量身高、体重、坐位血压.分别将患者分为高血压和非高血压组(177和361例)、肥胖和非肥胖组(181和357例)、高胆固醇组与正常胆固醇组(108和430例),分析血压、血脂、BMI 、HbA1c与尿Alb/Cr的关系.结果 Alb/Cr与收缩压、体重、BMI相关(P<0.01).高血压者的尿Alb/Cr值为(3.1±0. 5) mg/mmol,正常血压患者的尿Alb/Cr值为(1.7±0.2) mg/mmol,二者之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血压高与血压正常患者的年龄为(64±5)岁与 (61±5)岁、 BMI为(26.2±3.1)与(23. 5±2.6)、血浆总胆固醇为 (6.0±1.7) mmol/L 与(4. 8±1.5) mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).BMI≥25者Alb/Cr值为(2.7±0.5) mg/mmol,BMI＜25者Alb/Cr值为(1.8±0.5 ) mg/mmol,二者差异有统计学意义;两组胆固醇(5.9±2.9) mmol/L与(4.1±1.5) mmol/L之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).血浆胆固醇≥5.6 mmol/L者Alb/Cr值为(2.4±1.9) mg/mmol,＜5.6 mmol/L者Alb/Cr值为(2.2±1.3) mg/mmol,二者间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论尿Alb/Cr值与高血压、肥胖等因素相关,是否受年龄、血脂等的影响尚待进一步探讨,高血压、肥胖可能是2型糖尿病患者发生糖尿病肾病的高危因素.     

尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值测定在糖尿病肾病诊断中的应用

目的:探讨尿标本中微量白蛋白(mALB)/肌酐(Cr)比值测定在糖尿病性肾病诊断中的应用。方法:应用免疫透射比浊法检测mALB,用酶法检测Cr,并计算尿mALB/Cr比值。结果:正常对照组尿mALB/Cr为(1.65±0.81)mg/mmol,糖尿病无肾病组中尿mALB/Cr为(2.07±1.05)mg/mmol,与正常对照组相近(P>0.05),在糖尿病初期肾病组与临床肾病组尿mALB/Cr明显高于正常对照组,分别为(23.20±18.30)mg/mmol和(43.70±28.58)mg/ mmol(P<0.01)。结论:检测尿mALB/Cr比值是早期诊断糖尿病性肾病灵敏、可靠的实验室指标。     

尿淀粉酶与尿肌酐比值正常参考区间建立

目的:了解尿淀粉酶与肌酐比值有不同年龄组生物学变异并建立正常参考区间?方法:检测健康人(分幼儿组,青少年组,成年组及老年组)和确诊胰腺炎患者,分别测定尿淀粉酶和尿肌酐,比较各组间结果差异及观察临床诊断效能?结果:尿淀粉酶/肌酐比值幼儿组:(35.80 ± 10.26)U/mmol(男18例)?(34.72 ± 11.23)U/mmol(女21例)?(35.22 ± 10.67)U/mmol(总39例);青少年组:(21.53 ± 6.94)U/mmol(男39例)?(24.05 ± 8.72)U/mmol(女37例)?(22.75 ± 7.90)U/mmol(总76例);成年组:(23.09 ± 8.09)U/mmol(男78例)?(23.33 ± 6.41)U/mmol(女52例)?(23.76 ± 7.48)U/mmol(总130例);老年组(21.47 ± 12.61) U/mmol(男61例)?(21.77 ± 8.40)U/mmol(女60例)?(21.62 ± 10.69)U/mmol(总121例)?确诊胰腺炎患者:(69.60 ± 41.93)U/mmol(共36例),幼儿组明显高于其他组,青少年后没有明显变化,同年龄组性别间没有差异?结论:除低龄幼儿组外,尿淀粉酶/肌酐比值4.91~40.55 U/mmol可作为胰腺炎诊断的良好指标?     

三种尿微量蛋白检测对糖尿病早期肾损害意义的探讨

目的 :探讨尿蛋白定性阴性的糖尿病肾病 (DN)患者随机尿中三种微量蛋白检测对发现糖尿病早期肾损害的意义。方法 :尿MA .TRF和α1-MG用速率散射比浊法 ,尿Cr 采用Jaffe比色法进行测定。结果 :尿蛋白定性阴性的DN组尿MA/Cr为 ( 3 5 0 0± 2 780 )mg/mmol,TRF/Cr为 ( 0 3 3 7± 0 2 89)mg/mmol,α1-MG/Cr为 ( 3 185± 2 980 )mg/mmol。对照组尿MA/Cr为 ( 0 60 8± 0 178)mg/mmol,TRF/Cr为 ( 0 15 2± 0 0 91)mg/mmol,α1-MG/Cr为 ( 0 872±0 443 )mg/mmol。两组比较具有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :尿MA、TRF及α1-MG可作为发现糖尿病早期肾损害敏感而又可靠的常规指标。     

尿微量蛋白在糖尿病早期肾损害中的临床应用

目的 :探讨尿蛋白定性阴性的糖尿病肾病 (DN)患者随机尿中三种微量蛋白检测对发现糖尿病早期肾损害的意义。方法 :尿微量白蛋白 (MA)、α1-微球蛋白 (α1-MG)和转铁蛋白 (TRF)用速率散射比浊法 ,尿肌酐 (Cr)采用Jaffe比色法进行测定。结果 :尿蛋白定性阴性的DN组尿MA/Cr为(3.4 10± 2 .36 6 )mg/mmol ,TRF/Cr为 (0 .342± 0 .2 72 )mg/mmol,α1-MG/Cr为 (3.2 0 6± 2 .75 1)mg/mmol,对照组MA/C为 (0 .713± 0 .12 6 )mg/mmol,TRF/Cr为 (0 .137± 0 .0 84 )mg/mmol,α1-MG/Cr为 (0 .915± 0 .36 6 )mg/mmol。两组比较具有极显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :尿MA、TRF及α1-MG可作为发现糖尿病早期肾损害敏感而又可靠的常规指标。     

点时间尿蛋白与尿肌酐比值在糖尿病脑卒中复发的价值分析

目的 探究点时间尿蛋白与尿肌酐比值(Pro/Cr)在糖尿病(DM)脑卒中复发的价值.方法 选取2015年12月~2016年12月收治的124例DM首发缺血性脑卒中患者临床资料进行分析,均行Pro/Cr检查,并按照其水平分成微量尿蛋白组(MAU)与正常尿蛋白组(NUP),各62例,比较两组检验结果、复发情况及复发与非复发患者Pro/Cr值.结果 MAU组与NUP组Hcy水平分别为(13.22±3.28)μmol/L、(13.53±6..77)μmol/L,二者比较差异无统计学意义,MAU组HbAlc(6.92±1.28)%、Pro/Cr(45.69±5.47)mg/g及24 h尿蛋白定量(4.88±1.24)g/24 h均高于NUP组(P<0.05);MAU组与NUP组6个月时复发率未显示高度差,1年时与2年时复发率分别为38.70%、50.00%,均较NUP组高(P<0.05);复发脑卒中者Pro/Cr值为(72.71±81.69)mg/g,与非复发患者(33.94±47.06)mg/g相比显著高(P<0.05).结论 DM脑卒中复发情况可通过检测点时间Pro/Cr值进行判定,具临床应用价值.     

尿微量蛋白联合尿酶诊断肾早期损伤

目的 :探讨早期诊断肾脏损伤的方法。方法 :采用酶联免疫吸附法定量检测尿微量白蛋白、尿微量蛋白(Alb)、尿蛋白 1(UP1)、尿视黄醇结合蛋白 (RBP) ,比色法测量N -乙酰 -B -D -葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG) ,Jaffe速度法测定尿肌酐 (Cr)。结果 :正常对照组尿Alb/Cr(1.93± 0 .42 )mg·mmol 1、UPl/Cr(47.6 1± 5 .86 )ug·mmol 1、RBP/Cr(2 4.41± 3.5 5 )ug·mmol 1,NRG/Cr(0 .96± 0 .5 8)u·mmol 1,尿蛋白定性阴性的糖尿病、高血压、系统性红斑狼疮及尿路感染患者尿Alb/Cr、UP1/Cr、RBP/Cr及NAG/Cr较正常对照组增高 (P <0 .0 1)。尿蛋白定性阳性的患者Alb/Cr、UP/Cr、RBP/Cr及NAG/Cr较正常对照组显著增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,单项或双项检测Alb、Upl、RBP或NAG这四项指标阳性率偏低 ,将这四项指标联合检测在糖尿病、高血压、系统性红斑狼疮及尿路感染中阳性率分别达 92 %、80 %、85 %、76 % ,大大提高了阳性检出率。结论 :联合检测尿Alb、UP1、RBP及NAG是诊断肾脏早期损伤的灵敏、可靠的实验室指标。     

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病糖化血红蛋白及尿微量蛋白测定的意义

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病 (NIDDM)早期肾损伤的诊断方法及预防措施。方法　用免疫比浊法检测血清载脂蛋白A1(apoA1)、B (apoB) ,尿转铁蛋白 (TRF)和尿微量白蛋白 (mALB) ;终点法检测血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-Cho) ;两点法检测尿肌酐 (Cr) ;色谱分光光度计法检测糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1C)。结果　糖尿病组TRF/Cr、mALB/Cr、HBA1c分别为 (5 0 6± 3 81)mg/mmol、 (7 72± 5 91)mg/mmol、(7 5 9± 2 30 ) % ,与对照组比较 [其值分别为 (1 2 0± 0 81)mg/mmol、 (1 71± 0 70 )mg/mmol、 (4 4 0±0 88) % ]差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。血脂分析结果表明TG、apoB增高 ,HDL -Cho、apoA1降低 ,4 4例糖尿病患者中有 2 9例HbA1C 明显增高 ,其中TRF/Cr,mALB/Cr与 15例HbA1C 正常者相比差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　测定TRF、mALB是诊断糖尿病早期肾损伤的灵敏、可靠的指标     

甲状腺机能亢进症患者24小时尿VMA含量变化

对30名甲亢未治患者及30名正常对照者测定24小时尿VMA,结果甲亢未治组与正常对照组24小时尿VMA均值分别为51.51±25.72μmol/L,46.72±16.95μmol/L;两组比较,P>0.05,差异无显著性。将血清T3、T4值分别与24小时尿VMA值计算其相关系数,r=0.171和r=0.308,相关均无显著性(P>0.05)。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.