腹腔镜胆囊切除术中气腹压力不同对人体肝脏功能的影响

目的 观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术中不同气腹压力对人体肝脏功能的影响。方法 将97例病人分为低气腹压线和高气腹压组,比较两组间术后肝功能的变化。结果 与低气腹压组比较,高气腹压组谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、间接胆红素升高明显,且恢复较晚,而两组血清吲哚氰绿滞留试验和动脉血酮体比值变化则差异不大。结论 对于术前肝功能正常的病人,不同气腹压力对人体肝脏功能产生不同的影响,其中万以对血清转氨酶和血清胆红素的影响较为突出,而对肝脏的储备功能和能量代谢状态却无明显影响。     

Randomized comparison between different insufflation pressures for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Laparoscopy using carbon dioxide insufflation induces adverse effects in both the cardiovascular and the respiratory function. The use of low pressure pneumoperitoneum has been shown to reduce adverse hemodynamic effects. However, its effect on tissue trauma and postoperative pain and recovery remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare tissue trauma, postoperative pain, and recovery in two groups of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, one at insufflation pressure of 8 (LC8) and the other at 15 mm Hg (LC15). Forty patients were randomized, 20 in each group. The characteristics of the patients were similar in the two groups. The procedure was completed in all patients in the LC15 group, but in 2 patients in the LC8 group the pressure was increased to 15 mm Hg to complete the operation. There were no significant differences in postoperative pain scores, analgesic consumption, and the incidence of nausea, vomiting, and shoulder pain between the two groups. C-reactive protein concentrations and white blood cell count rose significantly after surgery, but the increase was similar in the two groups. The median duration of surgery was similar, 23 minutes (range 15-65) in the LC8 group and 25 minutes (range 15-80) in the LC15 group. Using our technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, there were no advantages to tissue damage, postoperative pain, and recovery when a low pressure pneumoperitoneum was used.     

不同气腹压力对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后短期并发症的影响

目的：探讨不同CO2 气腹压力对腹腔镜胆囊切除（LC）术后肝功能、动脉血气及对颈肩部疼痛的 影响。 方法：选择行择期LC 术患者120 例,随机分为A,B,C 3 组,每组40 例。A 组气腹压力设置为 10 mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）,B 组为12 mmHg,C 组为14 mmHg。对比分析3 组手术前后 肝功能、血气指标及术后1~3 d 恶心呕吐、颈肩部疼痛的发生率。 结果：术前3 组间各参数比较差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,但术后3 组间肝功能、血气指标 改变及恶心呕吐、颈肩部疼痛的发生率均有明显差异（均P<0.05）。结果显示,气腹压力越大, 术后肝功能（AST,ALT,TBIL 升高）和血气指标（PCO2 升高,pH,PO2 下降）变化越明显,且 术后颈、肩痛及恶心呕吐发生率越高。 结论：气腹压力对LC 术后肝功能,动脉血气,颈,肩痛及恶心呕吐有明显影响,故术中应尽量降 低气腹压力。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊分破对肺功能的影响

为探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊分破对术后肺功能的影响,作者选择２０例胆囊未破患者（Ａ组）、１０例胆囊分破患者（Ｂ组）和１０例开腹手术患者（Ｃ组）进行研究。结果显示：Ｂ组和Ｃ组术后第１天至第５天或第７天时肺功能指标仍较术前差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ａ组仅在术后第１天和术前比较差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）;Ｃ组和Ｂ组二组间比较时肺功能差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）;Ａ组与Ｂ、Ｃ组比较手术后第７天时差异仍有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ａ组术后肺功能明显优于Ｂ、Ｃ组。说明术后腹膜炎是术后肺功能下降的又一重要原因,小气道功能也明显下降。在行腹腔镜胆囊切除术过程中应尽量避免分破胆囊或造成出血,以利于患者术后肺功能的恢复,防止术后肺部并发症的发生。     

Postoperative pulmonary function after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy

In this prospective, randomized study, we compared 42 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 40 undergoing open cholecystectomy to determine if laparoscopic cholecystectomy results in less respiratory impairment and fewer respiratory complications. Pulmonary function tests, arterial blood-gas analysis and chest radiographs were obtained in both groups before operation and on the second day after operation. Postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirements were also recorded. After operation, a significant reduction in total lung capacity, functional residual capacity (FRC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) occurred after both laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. The reductions in FRC, FEV1, FVC and FEF25-75% were smaller after laparoscopic (7%, 22%, 19% and 23%, respectively) than after open (21%, 38%, 32% and 34%, respectively) cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was also associated with a significantly lower incidence (28.6% vs 62.5%) and less severe atelectasis, better oxygenation and reduced postoperative pain and analgesia use compared with open cholecystectomy. We conclude that postoperative pulmonary function was impaired less after laparoscopic than after open cholecystectomy.      

The effect of different intraabdominal pressures on lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation status during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: This prospective, randomized, and controlled study was designed to investigate the effects of different intraabdominal pressures (IAPs) on lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation status during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: Twenty-four patients (12 men, 12 women) who underwent LC at either 10 or 15 mmHg of IAP were randomized into two groups. Repeated blood samples were collected to measure thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels to assess lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content and protein sulfhydryl groups to assess protein oxidation status. Results: Serum protein carbonyls and TBARS levels were found to be increased immediately after desufflation in both study groups when compared to the preoperative levels. On the other hand, protein sulfhydryl levels were found to be decreased in both study groups. Although increases in protein carbonyls and TBARS levels were more prominent in patients who underwent LC at 15 mmHg of IAP, this difference was not statistically significant between both groups. Conclusions: The results suggest that both 15 and 10 mmHg of LAP could lead to an increased oxidative stress response during LC, but no difference was found between the groups.     

不同气腹压力下腹腔镜胆囊切除术气腹并发症的比较研究

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)气腹并发症的防治. 方法回顾分析1993年10月至2003年1月1 100例LC的临床资料,2001年9月前入院的980例为A组,气腹压力设定14 mm Hg,2001年9月以后的120例为B组,气腹压力设定10 mm Hg. 结果 B组无明显高碳酸血症发生,而A组有2例发生;B组肩部疼痛发生率19.2%(23/120)明显低于A组43.9%(430/980)(χ2=26.951,P=0.000).B组恶心呕吐发生率25.8%(31/120)明显低于A组61.2%(600/980)(χ2=54.750,P=0.000). 结论高碳酸血症、肩部疼痛及恶心、呕吐等气腹并发症可通过术中注意调节通气量,降低气腹压力等措施防治.     

原发性腹腔广泛粘连对腹腔镜胆囊切除术的影响

目的:探讨为原发性腹腔广泛粘连患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的可行性及效果。方法:回顾分析2001年1月至2009年9月29例LC术中遇原发性腹腔广泛粘连患者(A组)的临床资料,并与随机选择的同期行LC无腹部手术史的120例患者(B组)对比分析。结果:两组均无中转开腹及手术并发症发生,平均住院时间、术中出血差异无统计学意义,A组手术时间较B组长。结论:原发性腹腔广泛粘连患者行LC安全、有效,可作为首选术式。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体免疫功能的影响

目的：比较腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术对机体免疫功能的影响。方法：随机将有胆囊切除手术指征的80例患者分为2组,腹腔镜胆囊切除组（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC组）和开腹胆囊切除组（open cholecystectomy,OC组）各40例,测定并比较手术前后IgG、IgM、IgA,补体C3、C4水平及CD3^＋（T细胞总数）、CD4^＋（T辅助/诱导细胞）和CD8^＋的数量。结果：两组IgM、IgA、C4手术前后均无明显变化,两组间差异无统计学意义。LC组术后1d IgG、C3较术前有所下降,术后3d恢复至术前水平;OC组术后1d IgG、C3明显低于术前水平,术后5d恢复至术前水平;组间比较,OC组术后IgG、C3下降明显。LC组T淋巴细胞亚群手术前后差异无统计学意义,OC组术后1d CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋与术前比较明显降低,术后5d恢复至术前水平;组间比较,术后1d、3d OC组CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋均明显低于LC组。结论：腹腔镜手术对机体的免疫功能影响小,术后恢复快。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中不同气腹压力对人体肝脏功能的影响

目的 观察腹腔镜肿囊切除术中不同气腹压力对人体肝脏功能的影响。方法 将97例病人分为低气腹压组和高气腹压组,比较两组间术后肝功能的变化。结果 与低气腹压组比较,高气腹压组天门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TBil）、间接胆红素（IBil）升高明显,且恢复较晚,而两组血清吲哚氰绿滞留试验（ICGR15）和动脉血酮体比值（AKBR）变化则差异不大。结论 对于术前肝功能正常的病人,不同气腹压力对人体肝脏功能产生不同的影响,其中尤以对血清转氨酶和血清胆红素的影响较为突出,而对肝脏的储备功能和能量代谢状态无明显影响。     

乌司他丁对腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人肝功能的保护作用

目的　探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (laparoscopiccholecystectomy ,LC)病人术后肝功能的变化情况 ,同时评价应用乌司他丁的治疗效果。方法　随机将 4 0例ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期在气管内全麻下行LC的病人均分为两组 :A组为乌司他丁治疗组 ,在术前 1d、术中及术后第 1～ 3天给予 2 0万U乌司他丁静脉滴注 ;B组为对照组 ,给予等量生理盐水静脉滴注。比较两组病人术后肝功能和应激水平的变化。结果　两组病人术后第 1、3天谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、谷草转氨酶 (AST)较术前均明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,A组升高程度明显低于B组 (P <0 0 1) ;术后第 7天两组病人ALT、AST均恢复至术前水平 (P >0 0 5 )。术毕、术后第 1天B组病人C反应蛋白 (CRP)、皮质醇 (Cor)较术前显著升高 (P <0 0 1) ,术后第 3天恢复至术前水平 ;A组病人术后CRP、Cor无明显变化。结论　乌司他丁对LC术后肝功能具有保护作用 ,同时还可缓解其应激反应。     

经脐入路腹壁无疤痕腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的:探讨经脐入路腹壁无疤痕腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性。方法:30例患者均在脐上或下缘做弧形切口,分别穿刺1个10mm、2个5mm Trocar,置入5mm 30°腹腔镜和操作器械,常规行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,最后从10mm Trocar中取出胆囊。结果:30例均用单孔法完成手术。手术时间20~60min,平均30min。术后3~5d出院,无并发症发生,患者痛苦小,康复快。结论:经脐入路单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全可行,可达到腹部无疤痕的效果,但操作难度较大,对于手术开展的初级阶段应慎重选择病例。     

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目的　探讨肺功能障碍对腹腔镜胆囊切除术的影响。方法　 1995～ 2 0 0 3年 ,通过监测 114例肺功能障碍和 12 0例肺功能正常的病人围手术期肺功能指标 ,比较两者在行腹腔镜胆囊切除术前后肺功能的变化和肺部并发症的发生率。结果　肺功能障碍和肺功能正常病人手术期肺功能指标中呼气末二氧化碳分压 (PCO2 )、气道分压 (Ppeak)、动脉血二氧化碳分压 (PaCO2 )在腹腔镜手术CO2 气腹后较气腹前同指标均明显增高 ;肺和胸廓顺应性 (C)、动脉血酸碱值 (PH )均明显下降 ,差异存在显著性 (P <0 0 1)。手术后各项指标与气腹前比较差异无显著性。肺功能障碍病人术后并发症明显高于肺功能正常组。结论　轻度至中度肺功能障碍病人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术是可行的 ,但需加强围手术期监护。重度肺功能障碍病人手术需慎行     

The impact of previous abdominal surgery on outcome following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

The first 1000 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) at our institution were reviewed to investigate the impact of previous abdominal surgery on LC. The 454 patients having no previous abdominal surgery (NS) were compared to the 541 patients who had previous surgery (PS). PS patients were older, more likely to be female, and had a higher ASA risk category. PS patients had a higher incidence of wound infection, but in all other parameters of outcome, including operative duration and completion, length of hospitalization, and morbidity, there were no significant differences between PS and NS. When PS patients with previous upper abdominal surgery (PUAS, n=59) were separately compared to the remainder of the entire patient group (NUAS, n=936), the PUAS group was found to be older, to be more likely to be male, and to have a higher ASA risk category. PUAS patients had a longer postoperative hospitalization, and an increased incidence of intraoperative, postoperative, and total complications, readmissions to the hospital, and unrelated deaths. We conclude previous lower abdominal surgery has little impact on the outcome of patients undergoing LC while previous upper abdominal surgery is associated with increased morbidity.Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Orlando, FL, USA, 11–14 March 1995     

Gallstone in abdominal wall--a complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A 39-year-old woman presented with abdominal wall mass 9 years after she underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones. After surgical resection, a pathologic examination identified an abscess cavity within the abdominal wall that was surrounded by a wide, diffuse, poorly defined wall of dense fibrous tissue. An examination did not show neoplastic tissue. The cavity was bile-stained and contained a 2.5-cm gallstone. This case shows a complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gallstones spilled during the extraction of the gallbladder through the abdominal wall incision may lead to a reactive process that clinically and microscopically may resemble a fibro-proliferative disorder, including a neoplastic process. This complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is rare. Pathologists must be aware of its occurrence because examination of the solid fibrous wall may lead to diagnoses of reactive or neoplastic fibro-proliferative processes.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中不同剂量维库溴铵对呼吸动力学与通气功能的影响

目的 观测不同剂量的维库溴铵对腹腔镜胆囊切除术中呼吸动力学的影响,以评价其是否对CO2气腹所致的呼吸动力学紊乱具有防治作用。方法 择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者63例,随机分为维库溴铵1×ED95(Ⅰ组)、2×ED95(Ⅱ组)、3×EB95(Ⅲ组)三组,每组21例。分别于气腹前、静注维库溴铵前、静注此药后5、10、15、20、25、30及35min,监测通气功能、呼吸动力学参数。结果CO2气腹前、气腹后(静注维库溴铵前)及静注3种不同剂量维库溴铵后各时点及三组间吸、呼气潮气量、分钟通气量、呼吸频率、吸、呼气峰流速、PEEP、内源性PEEP、压力-时间乘积、吸气时间比值及频率/潮气量比值的变化无显著性(P>0.05)。CO2气腹后,气道平均压,食道压(胸腔内压),吸气峰压,呼吸驱动力,气道阻力,呼吸机做功较气腹前显著增高或增加;动态顺应性显著下降(P<0.05);与CO2气腹后静注维库溴铵前相比较,静注不同剂量维库溴铵后各时点及三组间各时点此类呼吸动力参数的变化均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中及机械通气的条件下,CO2气腹主要影响呼吸动力学参数,而不同剂量的维库溴铵对此类呼吸动力学的紊乱无防治作用。