Cerebellar infarct caused by spontaneous thrombosis of a developmental venous anomaly of the posterior fossa

Spontaneous thrombosis of a posterior fossa developmental venous anomaly (DVA) caused a nonhemorrhagic cerebellar infarct in a 31-year-old man who also harbored a midbrain cavernous angioma. DVA thrombosis was well depicted on CT and MR studies and was proved at angiography by the demonstration of an endoluminal clot.     

Developmental venous anomaly (DVA) with arterial component: a rare cause of intracranial haemorrhage

Introduction  To examine the clinical and radiologic findings of patients with developmental venous anomaly (DVA) associated with intracranial haemorrhage but unrelated to cavernoma. Methods  Computed tomography (CT) was used to obtain intracranial images from seven patients ranging in age from 6 to 51 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was then performed on six patients, and two patients were further examined via CT angiography. Finally, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed to confirm the initial diagnosis. Results  CT showed intraparenchymal supratentorial haemorrhage in all patients. The combined imaging modalities eventually confirmed a diagnosis of arterialised DVA in four patients and arterialised DVA associated with arteriovenus malformation (AVM) in three. Two patients were managed symptomatically, two underwent radiosurgery, one underwent surgery, one underwent combined embolisation plus radiosurgery and the remaining patient underwent combined embolisation plus surgery. Two patients died, one as a result of re-bleeding, and the other due to radiation necrosis. The mean follow-up period was 33 months (6 months to 6 years) for the remaining five patients with favourable outcome. Conclusion  DVA associated with intraparenchymal haemorrhage, but not related to cavernoma, was confirmed. Though very rare, DVA may present with non-cavernoma-related haemorrhage in the form of arterialised DVA or DVA with AVM.     

CT and MR imaging of acute cerebellar ataxia

Summary An adult female showed mild cerebellar ataxia and CSF pleocytosis following an acute infection of the upper respiratory tract, and was diagnosed as having acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA). CT and MR appearances in the acute stage revealed moderate swelling of the cerebellum and bilaterally increased signal intensity in the cerebellar cortex.     

An unusual cause of hydrocephalus: aqueductal developmental venous anomaly

Vascular malformations are infrequent causes of aqueductal stenoses, developmental venous anomaly (DVA) being the rarest among them. DVAs, also known as venous angiomas, are congenital in origin and characterized by dilatation of vessels in the superficial and deep venous system. Although they are usually clinically silent, they can be complicated by hemorrhage, seizures and neurologic deficits. Herein, we report MR imaging findings of a 7-year-old girl whose hydrocephalus was due to an abnormal vein coursing through the aqueduct.     

Venous congestion associated with developmental venous anomaly: Findings on susceptibility weighted imaging

A case of venous congestion associated with developmental venous anomaly (DVA) in a 5‐year‐old girl who presented with acute deterioration of consciousness is reported. Susceptibility‐weighted imaging revealed abnormal structures connected to the central collector of a DVA, which were not shown on other sequences. These structures were considered to be presumably thrombosed medullary veins. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:1506–1509. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

急性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的CT诊断

目的分析急性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的临床特点及CT表现，提高认识水平。方法回顾性分析6例经手术证实为肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的CT表现。平扫6例，增强扫描2例。结果6例CT平扫均出现腹腔积液、肠壁增厚、肠腔变窄、肠系膜密度增高模糊、肠系膜上静脉内高密度阴影等征象。4例可见肠系膜上静脉增宽，3例可见肠系膜间游离积液，2例增强扫描可见肠系膜上静脉内低密度血栓影，静脉壁环形强化呈“靶征”。结论CT检查对于早期诊断肠系膜上静脉血栓形成是一种有价值的方法。对于不明原冈所致腹痛应及时行CT检查。     

Scintiangiographic diagnosis of acute mesenteric venous thrombosis.

Scintiangiographic findings of prolonged mesenteric activity in a case of acute mesenteric thrombosis is described and 105 cases with abdominal scintiangiography are reviewed. Usual peak mesenteric blush occurred 5--15 sec after initial visualization of the aorta. Normal clearance of this activity was 15--30 sec. Future cases should confirm the importance of this observation in early diagnosis of mesenteric venous thrombosis.     

脑静脉窦及深静脉血栓的CT、MRI诊断

目的:探讨脑静脉窦及深静脉血栓的CT和MRI表现及诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析17例脑静脉窦及深静脉血栓患者的CT和MRI表现特点。结果:CT表现为静脉窦密度略高信号增高、窦腔增宽(n=5/12),增强扫描可见“空三角”征(n=3/3);随着病程的改变,MRI可表现为静脉窦T1WI(n=15/17),T2WI(n=13/17)流空效应消失,磁共振静脉成像(MRV)及增强MRV可显示静脉窦闭塞及静脉窦内充盈缺损(n=17/17;n=4/4);CT及MRI还可见皮层及皮层下多发、散在的出血性脑梗塞(n=7/12;n=13/17),基底节区脑梗塞(n=3/12;n=4/17)等间接征象。结论:CT增强可以显示静脉窦血栓,MRI、MRV及增强MRV相结合能准确地诊断脑静脉窦及深静脉血栓,MRI优于CT平扫。     

A rare (arteriolo-)capillomedullary venous anomaly of the cerebellum

A rare (arteriolo-)capillomedullary venous anomaly of the cerebellum was examined with CT, MRI, and angiography. Unlike the usual venous angioma, this case had such extraordinary features as: infratentorial location, involvement of the whole left cerebellum, an arteriolocapillary component and a history of progressive vomiting and chronic constipation in a 7-year-old boy. CT and MRI were consistent with an extensive vascular malformation, but the actual diagnosis was reached by angiography.     

急性肠系膜上静脉血栓96例临床特点分析

目的 探讨急性肠系膜上静脉血栓(ASMVT)的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院2000年1月-2013年12月确诊的96例ASMVT患者的临床资料,死亡相关危险因素,以及不同治疗方式和不同部位血栓对患者结局的影响.结果 96例ASMVT患者中男72例,女24例,年龄46.9±15.5岁;生存83例,死亡13例,死亡发生率13.5％;孤立性肠系膜上静脉血栓(SMVT)39例,联合SMVT 57例.死亡组合并重症胰腺炎及孤立SMVT的比例高于生存组(P＜0.01).依不同治疗方式分为开腹手术组(n=23)、介入溶栓组(n=62)和保守治疗组(n=11).开腹手术组患者自发病至接受治疗的时间最短,孤立SMVT发生率最高,死亡发生率也高于介入溶栓组及保守治疗组.保守治疗组中无死亡病例.孤立SMVT组出现腹膜刺激征、行开腹手术及发生肠坏死的例数均高于联合SMVT组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),发生于脾切除术后的患者比例低于联合SMVT组(P=0.002).结论 孤立SMVT因更易出现腹膜刺激征、更易发生肠坏死而需行开腹手术;联合SMVT易发生在脾切除术后;在重症胰腺炎的基础上发病是ASMVT患者死亡的相关危险因素.     

Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombectomy and thrombolysis of acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical outcomes after percutaneous treatment of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients with SMV thrombosis treated with percutaneous catheter-directed thrombectomy/thrombolysis. The demographics of the study population, potential causative factors contributing to SMV thrombosis, and morbidity and mortality associated with therapy were assessed. RESULTS: Eleven patients (mean age, 44.3 years +/- 12.8) with SMV thrombosis were treated with percutaneous transhepatic catheter-directed thrombectomy/thrombolysis. Potential causative factors included recent major abdominal surgery, thrombophilic conditions, pancreatitis, and repetitive abdominal trauma. The mean duration between the onset of symptoms and percutaneous treatment was 8.6 days +/- 6.5. Computed tomography confirmed the clinical diagnosis in nine patients (81.8%). One patient (9.1%) had a bleeding complication, which was treated by chest tube drainage without long-term sequelae. One patient (9.1%) with refractory SMV thrombosis died of sepsis and multiple organ failure. No recurrent episode of SMV thrombosis or mortality was documented during a mean follow-up of 42 months +/- 22.5. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous transhepatic catheter-directed thrombectomy/thrombolysis for SMV thrombosis is associated with a rapid improvement in symptoms and low incidences of long-term morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous thrombectomy and thrombolysis should be considered in all patients with acute SMV thrombosis without evidence of bowel necrosis.     

Ischemic complication of a cerebral developmental venous anomaly: case report and review of the literature

We report a case of a nonhemorrhagic infarct associated with a thrombosed developmental venous anomaly (DVA), with secondary gliosis and Wallerian degeneration. The initial MRI scan showed an acute ischemic infarct in the region of the DVA, seen as a region of restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), with later development of encephalomalacia and Wallerian degeneration on follow-up MRI. No blood products were seen. We believe that thrombosis of the collector vein of a DVA with associated infarction is a rare but possible complication that should be considered within the proper clinical setting and can be easily and confidently diagnosed by means of DWI.     

经腘静脉置管接触性溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成应用价值研究

目的探讨经患侧腘静脉置管接触性溶栓(CDT)治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012年3月至2017年3月收治的39例应用经患侧腘静脉CDT治疗急性DVT患者的临床资料。所有患者均在腔静脉滤器保护下经患侧腘静脉置管CDT。记录置管成功率,健、患肢周径差值,静脉血栓评分,静脉再通率,深静脉瓣膜保存率,介入治疗并发症与下肢深静脉血栓形成后综合征(PTS)的发生率等指标并评价疗效。结果所有患者均穿刺置管成功,置管成功率为100.0%(39/39)。患者治疗前后的健、患肢周径差值分别为(6.12±1.03)cm与(2.55±0.76)cm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肢体肿胀消退明显。患者治疗前后静脉血栓评分为(5.73±0.94)分与(2.13±1.60)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),血栓消融明显,静脉再通率为(64.23%±16.21%)。39例患者中,1例患者出现置管处炎症,1例患者出现穿刺处血肿,1例患者溶栓后出现髂静脉狭窄并行髂静脉支架植入术治疗,即介入治疗并发症的发生率为7.7%(3/39)。随访6~12个月,34例患者完成随访,随访率为87.2%(34/39),无DVT复发与肺栓塞发生。深静脉瓣膜保存率为(76.14%±9.15%),PTS的发生率为15.4%(6/39)。结论应用经患侧腘静脉CDT治疗急性DVT安全有效。