地塞米松复合罗哌卡因髂筋膜阻滞麻醉对全髋关节置换术患者的围术期效果

目的 探讨不同剂量地塞米松复合罗哌卡因腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜间隙阻滞（FICB）对全髋关节置换术患者的围术期镇痛效果。方法 选择2020年3月至2021年12月在本院接受诊治的80例全髋关节置换术（THA）患者，随机将其分为对照组（n=20）、A组（n=20）、B组（n=20）及C组（n=20）。四组均采用FICB，对照组注射0.3%30 mL罗哌卡因；A组注射0.3%罗哌卡因30 m L+2.5 mg地塞米松；B组注射0.3%罗哌卡因30 m L+5 mg地塞米松；C组注射0.3%罗哌卡因30 mL+7.5 mg地塞米松。收集患者注药后3 h、6 h、8 h、12 h、24 h、36 h及48 h静息和运动时视觉模拟（VAS）评分；比较各组术后状况、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平及不良反应。结果 注药后12 h、24 h、36 h,A、B、C组静息VAS评分和运动VAS评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）,B、C组低于A组（P<0.05）,B、C组之间比较无统计学差异（P>0.05），各组3、6、8、48 h比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗后，A、B、C组...     

硫酸镁联合罗哌卡因鸡尾酒应用于全髋关节置换术后早期镇痛

目的 评价加入硫酸镁的鸡尾酒麻醉混合剂在全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)后早期的镇痛效果.方法 选择2019年9月至2020年11月在武汉科技大学附属孝感医院骨科行初次单侧THA病人共60例,随机分为观察组(硫酸镁250 mg+罗哌卡因50 mg+曲安奈德25 mg+0.9％生理盐...     

超声引导罗哌卡因复合地塞米松髂筋膜间隙阻滞应用于全膝关节置换术围术期的镇痛效果

目的 探讨超声引导罗哌卡因复合地塞米松髂筋膜间隙阻滞(FICB)在全膝关节置换术(TKA)围术期的镇痛效果.方法 将行TKA治疗的48例患者根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组24例.两组术前0.5 h均在超声引导下行FICB,观察组注入0.375％罗哌卡因30 ml+地塞米松10 mg,对照组注入0.375％罗哌...     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因用于腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞的临床观察

罗哌卡因是一种新型长效酰胺类局麻药 ,与布比卡因有相似的化学结构和药理学特性。本文观察了罗哌卡因与布比卡因在腰麻 硬膜外联合阻滞中的临床应用效果。资料与方法1 资料　选择 4 0例ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级拟在腰麻 硬膜外联合阻滞下行择期下肢手术病人 ,排除重要脏器功能不全 ,局麻药过敏史 ,酒精或药物滥用史 ,腰麻和硬膜外禁忌证等病人。将病人随机分为罗哌卡因组和布比卡因组。2 方法　术前 30ｍｉｎ常规肌注阿托品 0 5ｍｇ、苯巴比妥钠 0 1ｇ。入室后常规监测ＥＣＧ ,无创血压 (ＮＩＢＰ) ,ＨＲ ,脉搏氧饱和度 (ＳｐＯ2 )。开放静脉 ,…     

超声引导下不同浓度罗哌卡因腰丛神经阻滞在老年患者髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 探索超声引导下不同浓度罗哌卡因腰丛神经阻滞在老年髋关节置换术中的应用效果及安全性.方法 2018年1月至2020年7月,90例髋关节置换术的老年患者采用随机数字表法分为A组、B组及C组,每组各30例,分别采用0.25％、0.30％、0.35％罗哌卡因腰丛神经阻滞联合全身麻醉方案,且均在超声引导下实施麻醉.分别于插...     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因连续腰丛神经阻滞对髋关节置换术后早期康复的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因连续腰丛神经阻滞对髋关节置换术后早期康复的影响。方法选择择期行全髋关节置换术的老年患者60例,男35例,女25例,年龄65~84岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。随机分为两组,每组30例。术后均接受连续腰丛神经阻滞镇痛,背景剂量8ml/h,冲击剂量4ml/30min。D组配方为1μg/ml右美托咪定+0.1%罗哌卡因,C组配方为0.2%罗哌卡因。所有患者同时接吗啡静脉镇痛泵(1 mg/ml吗啡50 ml)作为爆发疼痛时的解救药,冲击剂量1ml/5min,无背景输注。观察吗啡用量、术后6、12、24和48h的静息及运动VAS疼痛评分、患肢肌力、髋关节最大屈曲和外展活动度。记录术后不良反应的发生情况。于术前1d、术后第1、7天采用匹兹堡睡眠指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)评价睡眠质量。结果 D组吗啡用量明显少于C组(P0.05)。两组静息和运动VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义。术后6、12、24和48h,D组患肢肌力评分明显高于C组,髋关节最大外展活动度和最大屈曲度明显大于C组(P0.05)。与术前1d比较,术后第1天和第7天两组的PSQI评分明显增高,且D组明显低于C组(P0.05)。D组术后恶心呕吐、瘙痒、谵妄等不良反应发生率明显低于C组(P0.05)。结论相对于0.2%罗哌卡因,1μg/ml右美托咪定复合0.1%罗哌卡因连续腰丛神经阻滞可以为髋关节置换术后早期提供更好的镇痛,提高术后睡眠质量,有利于患者关节功能锻炼和术后早期康复。     

胸段硬膜外阻滞对冠状动脉结扎大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察罗哌卡因胸段硬膜外阻滞对冠状动脉结扎大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠72只,随机均分为生理盐水胸段硬膜外注射+结扎冠状动脉(A)组,罗哌卡因胸段硬膜外注射+结扎冠状动脉(B)组、假手术(C)组,分别在结扎操作后3、6 h检测心肌细胞凋亡指数(AI)和Caspase-3活性.结果 A、R组结扎冠状动脉后3、6 h AI、Caspase-3活性较C组明显升高(P<0.01),且A组高于R组(P<0.05).结论 罗哌卡因胸段硬膜外阻滞可减轻急性缺血诱发的大鼠心肌细胞凋亡.     

右美托咪定复合不同浓度罗哌卡因用于连续股神经阻滞的镇痛效果

目的观察右美托咪定复合不同浓度罗哌卡因对全膝关节置换术(TKA)患者连续股神经阻滞(CFNB)镇痛效果和肌力的影响。方法选择2016年6月至12月期间本院全膝关节置换术患者90例,男16例,女74例,年龄40～80岁,BMI 25.7～31.2 kg/m~2,ASA I或II级,随机分为三组:0.2%罗哌卡因组(R_(0.2)组)、0.15%罗哌卡因组(R_(0.15)组)和0.1%罗哌卡因组(R_(0.1)组),每组30例。R_(0.2)组、R_(0.15)组和R_(0.1)组分别以0.2%罗哌卡因、0.15%罗哌卡因和0.1%罗哌卡因行术后CFNB自控镇痛(PCA),上述罗哌卡因均复合右美托咪定400μg。分别记录术后4、8、12、24、48 h静息和活动时VAS评分、术后48 h内罗哌卡因总量、PCA总按压次数和使用吗啡情况,记录术后12、24、48 h肌力分级情况,术后1、2、3 d符合"四合一标准"出院情况,记录血肿、渗液、跌倒、低血压、心动过缓、恶心呕吐、过度镇静等不良反应发生情况。结果术后4、8、12、24 h R_(0.2)组和R_(0.15)组活动时VAS评分明显低于R_(0.1)组(P0.05)。R_(0.2)组和R_(0.15)组罗哌卡因总量明显低于R_(0.1)组(P0.05),PCA总按压次数明显少于R_(0.1)组(P0.05)。术后12、24 h R_(0.2)组和R_(0.15)组肌力明显低于R_(0.1)组(P0.05),且R_(0.2)组明显低于R_(0.15)组(P0.05)。术后2 d R_(0.2)组和R_(0.15)组出院率明显低于R_(0.1)组(P0.05)。三组患者血肿、渗液、跌倒、低血压、心动过缓、恶心呕吐、过度镇静等不良反应发生情况差异无统计学意义。三组患者均未出现置管部位感染、神经损伤、局麻药中毒等不良反应。结论右美托咪定400μg复合0.15%罗哌卡因连续股神经阻滞,镇痛作用完善,对股四头肌肌力影响轻微,有利于全膝关节置换术患者术后的早期康复锻炼。     

罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼或地佐辛连续股神经阻滞在全膝关节置换术后镇痛中的应用

目的观察罗哌卡因与罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼或地佐辛连续股神经阻滞(FNB)在全膝关节置换术(TKA)术后镇痛中的效果。方法择期行单侧TKA患者60例,采用统一麻醉和手术方案,术后FNB自控镇痛48h,持续剂量2ml/h,总量100ml。随机将患者均分为三组:罗哌卡因组(R组):0.225%罗哌卡因;罗哌卡因复合地佐辛组(D组):0.15%罗哌卡因含地佐辛10 mg;罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼组(S组):0.15%罗哌卡因含舒芬太尼1μg/kg。记录三组患者术后1、3及7d静息状态下VAS(RVAS)评分、主动功能锻炼时VAS(AVAS)评分和被动功能锻炼时VAS(PVAS)评分;记录其他镇痛药物用量、不良事件发生情况。结果术后1、3、7d三组患者RVAS评分,术后1、7d的AVAS评分和术后1d的PVAS评分明显低于术前(P0.05);术后3d,S组与D组RVAS评分明显高于R组(P0.05)。三组术后恶心呕吐及谵妄发生率差异无统计学意义。结论罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼或地佐辛用于FNB,可提供良好的TKA术后镇痛效果,且不增加不良反应;但0.15%罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼或地佐辛不及0.225%罗哌卡因镇痛维持时间长,复合地佐辛这一现象更明显。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因连续收肌管阻滞用于全膝关节置换术后镇痛的效果

目的观察右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行连续收肌管阻滞(adductor canal block, ACB)对单侧全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)患者术后镇痛及早期功能康复的影响。方法择期拟行单侧TKA患者40例,男21例,女19例,年龄60～75岁,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组:右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(DR组)和罗哌卡因组(R组),每组20例。术中采用全凭静脉麻醉,麻醉诱导前分别对两组患者行超声引导下ACB,并放置神经周围导管。术毕实施患者自控持续周围神经阻滞镇痛48 h, R组给予0.2%罗哌卡因,DR组给予0.2%罗哌卡因+右美托咪定1.0μg/ml。采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)法评估术后4、8、12、18、36、48 h静息和被动运动(膝关节被动屈曲45°)时疼痛程度;记录术后首次下床活动时间及术后膝关节主动屈曲90°时间;术后48 h内补救用药例数;不良反应发生情况。结果与R组比较,DR组术后不同时点被动运动VAS评分明显降低,术后首次下床活动时间明显缩短,补救镇痛药物应用人次明显减少(P0.05)。两组恶心呕吐、低血压发生率差异无统计学意义。结论右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因连续收肌管阻滞用于老年患者单侧全膝关节置换术术后镇痛效果好,并能促进关节早期功能修复,不增加不良反应程度。     

‘Small blocks’ in paediatric patients

Regional anaesthetic techniques are now extensively used in paediatric anaesthesia. A better understanding and conceptualization of them has led us to define a new category of blocks, termed compartment blocks, in which the structure that has to be identified is a fascial plane, not the nerve to be blocked itself. Some of these compartment blocks, most of which have been described decades ago but fell into disuse, have now been rediscovered as they offer many advantages in terms of safety, efficiency and simplicity. These ‘small blocks’ share the same high benefit/risk ratio and, basically, the same technique of fascial plane localization; this makes them look very similar even though they involve various structures and nerves with no real anatomical link. In this category are included the peri-umbilical, ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric, pudendal, penile, fascia iliaca, saphenous nerve, metacarpal and laryngeal nerve blocks. These small blocks provide adequate analgesia for a number of very common procedures in paediatric patients; they do not require special skills, training, complicated or expensive devices. Their success rate is extremely high and they have no true contraindications or significant adverse effects. They are effective with only small amounts of local anaesthetics and thus, due to their many advantages, should be used extensively in children.     

超声引导下三点阻滞与椎旁阻滞用于剖腹肝胆手术术后镇痛的比较

目的观察术前给予超声引导下三点法阻滞(低位前锯肌阻滞、肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞和腹直肌后鞘阻滞)或单侧胸椎旁阻滞对肝胆手术患者术后镇痛及相关围术期转归的影响。方法选择择期右上腹部切口行肝胆手术的患者95例,男69例,女26例,年龄18～65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为三点组(n=48)和椎旁组(n=47)。三点组患者入室后采用0.375%罗哌卡因行超声引导下低位前锯肌阻滞(10 ml)、肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞(15 ml)复合腹直肌后鞘阻滞(15 ml),椎旁组采用0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml行超声引导下T_(7-9)椎旁阻滞。记录术后24 h舒芬太尼用量;记录切皮前、切皮后1和5 min时HR和SBP的变化、麻醉后恢复室内和术后24 h VAS疼痛评分,以及患者过敏、局麻药中毒、穿刺损伤等不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者术后24 h内舒芬太尼用量差异无统计学意义[(0.98±0.33)μg/kg vs (0.95±0.28)μg/kg]。患者麻醉后恢复室内和术后24 h VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义。椎旁组术中低血压发生率31例(66.0%) vs 11例(22.9%)和去甲肾上腺素用量[(3.5±1.6)μg/kg vs (1.2±0.4)μg/kg]明显高于三点组(P0.01)。两组患者均未见过敏、局麻药中毒、穿刺损伤等不良反应。结论低位前锯肌阻滞、肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞、腹直肌后鞘阻滞三点阻滞复合可以产生与单侧椎旁阻滞相当的术中和术后镇痛作用,而且前者的低血压发生率明显低于椎旁阻滞,是一种可供临床选择的上腹部神经阻滞方式。     

腰方肌阻滞临床应用的研究进展

腰方肌阻滞是一种将局麻药物注射至腰方肌周围的躯干神经阻滞技术。近年来,腰方肌阻滞的临床应用已成为研究热点,是广受欢迎的镇痛方式。腰方肌阻滞逐渐被应用于剖宫产手术、胃肠道手术、泌尿手术、下肢手术等围术期多模式镇痛,并且在慢性疼痛治疗中也有报道。全文就腰方肌阻滞的应用解剖、穿刺入路、临床应用及可能的作用机制进行综述,为其临床应用提供参考。     

59. Die Regionalanaesthesie in der Abdominal-Chirurgie

Summary Spinal and peridural anesthesia are most useful in lower abdominal operations. For upper laparotomies needing analgesia, good relaxation and quiet ventilation, intercostal block and peridural anesthesia with light general anesthesia are suitable techniques to avoid hypertension and metabolic responses (hyperglycemia, cortisol). During the postoperative period, regional blocks improve lung function and bowel motility, and afford early ambulation.     

腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞用于老年患者下肢手术的临床研究

目的探讨腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞在老年患者下肢手术应用的可行性。方法40例60岁以上拟行单侧下肢手术的患者随机均分为两组。A组采用神经刺激器定位技术,正确定位腰丛和坐骨神经后分别给予0.375%罗哌卡因20～25ml和0.5%罗哌卡因15～20ml;B组选择L2～3或L3～4间隙行硬膜外麻醉,给予0.75%罗哌卡因10～15ml。观察两组血流动力学变化、阻滞效果及其不良反应。结果B组麻醉15min后各时点的SBP、DBP均明显低于麻醉前及A组(P<0.05或P<0.01);A组镇痛持续时间长于B组(P<0.05),但运动阻滞持续时间短于B组(P<0.05);B组术中使用麻黄碱的例数及输液量高于A组(P<0.05);B组患者围术期恶心、呕吐、尿潴留等不良反应的发生率明显高于A组(P<0.01)。结论腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞对血流动力学影响小,术后镇痛时间长,并发症少,适用于老年患者下肢手术。     

The Efficacy and Safety of Regional Nerve Blocks in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Systematic Review and Direct Meta-Analysis

BackgroundRegional nerve blocks may be used as a component of a multimodal analgesic protocol to manage postoperative pain after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regional nerve blocks after THA in support of the combined clinical practice guidelines of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Hip Society, Knee Society, and American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published prior to March 24, 2020 on fascia iliaca, lumbar plexus, and quadratus lumborum blocks in primary THA. All included studies underwent qualitative and quantitative homogeneity testing followed by a systematic review and direct comparison meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of the regional nerve blocks.ResultsAn initial critical appraisal of 3,382 publications yielded 11 publications representing the best available evidence for an analysis. Fascia iliaca, lumbar plexus, and quadratus lumborum blocks demonstrate the ability to reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Among the available comparisons, no difference was noted between a regional nerve block or local periarticular anesthetic infiltration regarding postoperative pain and opioid consumption.ConclusionLocal periarticular anesthetic infiltration should be considered prior to a regional nerve block due to concerns over the safety and cost of regional nerve blocks. If a regional nerve block is used in primary THA, a fascia iliaca block is preferred over other blocks due to the differences in technical demands and risks associated with the alternative regional nerve blocks.     

Complicaciones asociadas a tres técnicas de bloqueo del plexo braquial: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

BackgroundBrachial plexus block has become one of the most widely-used anaesthetic techniques in the world for upper limb anaesthesia. There are three different brachial blocks techniques: supraclavicular, infraclavicular and axillary block. However, its execution is not exempt from possible clinical complications, and it is not clear which of these is associated with a lower complication rate and greater anaesthetic success.Materials and methodsSystematic review and meta-analysis following the Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to identify controlled clinical trials reporting the three techniques. The main outcome was the incidence of anaesthetic complications, and the secondary ones were an anaesthetic success, time of performance and anaesthetic latency.Results25 controlled clinical trials, with 2012 patient, were included. The methodological quality of the included studies is moderate to high. For the main outcome, the main complication reported was a vascular puncture, followed by transient neurological injury, symptomatic diaphragmatic paralysis and pneumothorax. No differences were found in complications associated with the three anaesthetic techniques. Additionally, no differences were found regarding anaesthetic success.ConclusionsAnesthetic complications associated with the three brachial block techniques are low, with no medium and long-term sequelae; however, none of the three techniques seems to be superior among them to reduce these complications. All three techniques are highly successful when performed using ultrasound imaging.