Th1型细胞因子在胶原蛋白诱导性关节炎小鼠血清中的动态变化

目的研究鸡Ⅱ型胶原蛋白诱导性关节炎(CIA)小鼠血清Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α的动态变化。方法 72只DBA1/J小鼠随机分为正常对照组(每组6只)和模型组(每组12只),分别在加强免疫后第7、14、21、35天,无菌摘眼球取血清,应用流式细胞术检测各组小鼠血清中细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α在关节炎不同时期的动态变化情况。结果模型组IFN-γ在加强免疫后第7天和第14天显著升高(P0.05),加强免疫后第21天、第35天开始下降,与正常组比较无区别(P0.05);模型组IL-2和TNF-α在加强免疫后第7天上升明显,与正常组比较有统计学意义(P0.05),加强免疫后第14、21、35天IL-2和TNF-α逐渐下降,与正常组比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CD4+Th1型细胞因子参与CIA发病全过程,而且在不同的发病阶段其相关细胞因子的变化与关节炎的炎症进展有一定关系。     

黄芩茎叶总黄酮对胶原性关节炎小鼠Th1/Th2细胞平衡的调节

目的观察黄芩茎叶总黄酮对Ⅱ型胶原诱导性关节炎小鼠脾淋巴细胞Th1、Th2及其相关细胞因子IL-10、IFN-γ的影响,初步探讨黄芩茎叶总黄酮对类风湿性关节炎的作用。方法选用C57BL/6小鼠,建立鸡Ⅱ型胶原诱导性关节炎小鼠模型,将造模成功的小鼠随机分为CIA模型组、黄芩茎叶总黄酮组、雷公藤多苷组,另设正常对照组,于初次免疫后第21天开始灌胃给药,35 d后流式细胞术检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞Th1、Th2水平及相关细胞因子IL-10、IFN-γ的表达。结果与模型组比较,药物组小鼠CD4+T淋巴细胞中Th1细胞数量明显降低(P0.05),Th2比例增加(P0.01),药物组IL-10分泌显著增多(P0.05),IFN-γ分泌明显减少(P0.05),2用药组无明显差异(P0.05)。结论黄芩茎叶总黄酮可以调节Th1/Th2的平衡及其相关细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-10的表达。     

旋毛虫感染经PD-1途径对BCG免疫小鼠细胞因子产生的影响?

探讨PD-1信号通路在旋毛虫感染影响卡介苗(Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Gu'erin,BCG)免疫小鼠细胞因子产生中的作用。首先,以旋毛虫肌幼虫(400条/只)分别感染C57BL/6遗传背景野生(WT)小鼠和PD-1基因缺失(PD-1~(-/-))小鼠,于感染后42 d处死小鼠,分离脾淋巴细胞以刀豆蛋白A(Concanavalin A,ConA)刺激培养48 h,ELISA检测培养上清中Th1型IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α,Th2型IL-4,和调节性TGF-β、IL-10细胞因子水平;进而,在上述相同感染条件下,于感染后28 d接种BCG,分别于免疫后7和28 d分离WT小鼠和PD-1~(-/-)小鼠的脾淋巴细胞,用卡介菌纯蛋白衍生物(purified protein derivative,PPD)体外刺激培养48 h,ELISA检测细胞培养上清中上述细胞因子分泌水平。结果显示,在单纯旋毛虫感染及感染后BCG免疫条件下,各细胞因子变化趋势趋于一致。WT小鼠感染组Th1型IFN-γ、IL-2水平明显低于未感染组,Th2型IL-4及调节性TGF-β、IL-10水平明显高于未感染组(P0.05),TNF-α水平无显著差异。而PD-1~(-/-)小鼠中,与未感染组相比,感染组Th1型IFN-γ、IL-2和TNF-α的下降水平,以及Th2型IL-4和调节性TGF-β、IL-10的上升水平较WT小鼠明显减小。上述结果表明,旋毛虫感染可经PD-1信号通路抑制BCG免疫诱导的Th1型细胞因子的产生,而促进Th2型细胞因子IL-4及调节性细胞因子的IL-10和TGF-β的生成。本研究为蠕虫感染抑制抗结核疫苗保护性效果的潜在机制提供了实验依据。     

束缚应激对S180荷瘤小鼠Th1/Th2型细胞因子及肿瘤生长的影响

目的:观察束缚应激对荷S180瘤小鼠Th1/Th2型细胞因子及肿瘤生长的影响。方法:取腹腔传代第7天的肿瘤细胞S180,调细 胞密度至1×1010/L,注射于昆明小鼠右腋皮下,每只0.2 mL。接种后束缚限制活动,8 h/d,并设单纯束缚组、单纯肿瘤组和正常对照组。10 d后处死小鼠,剥取肿瘤称瘤重,计算胸腺指数,分别采用MTT比色法和丝裂原激活淋巴母细胞法检测脾T细胞增殖及产生Th1型细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ的能力,并取血清用ELISA法检测Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-10的含量。结果:束缚应激可明显增加荷瘤小鼠的瘤重(P<0.01),降低小鼠胸腺指数和脾T细胞的增殖能力(P值分别<0.01),降低荷瘤小鼠脾细胞产生IL-2和IFN-γ的能力(P值分别<0.01),并可使小鼠血清IL-4、IL-10的含量明显增加(P值分别<0.01和<0.05)。结论:束缚应激可显著抑制荷瘤小鼠的细胞免疫功能,使产生Th1型细胞因子的功能减弱,Th2型细胞因子的含量增加,导致Th1/Th2细胞的平衡进一步向Th2细胞漂移。这可能是其促进肿瘤生长的重要机制。     

过敏小鼠模型Th1/Th2漂移和纠正

目的：研究炒紫苏子醇提物对过敏小鼠模型Th1／Th2漂移和纠正作用。方法：设正常对照组、过敏模型组、炒紫苏子醇提取物0．32、0．64和1．28g／kg各剂量组小鼠共5组。利用流式细胞仪技术测定Th1型细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γTNF-α和Th2型细胞因子IL4、IL-5水平。结果：过敏模型小鼠IFN-γ／IL4为0．87，而正常小鼠IFN-γ／IL4为3．93，说明过敏小鼠Th1／Th2异常偏向Th2漂移。0．32、0．64和1．28g／kg各剂量组能明显提高IFN-γ水平（P〉0．05、P〈0．05和P〈0．01），降低IL-4水平（P〉0．05、P〉0．05和P〈0．05），其相应的IFN-γ／IL-4分别为1．92、2．85和3．14。结论：炒紫苏子醇提物能够纠正过敏小鼠Th1／Th2异常偏向Th2漂移，恢复正常，其作用呈剂量依赖关系。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者不同疾病阶段的血清细胞因子水平研究

目的探讨不同疾病阶段的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者血清细胞因子水平变化情况及其可能的临床意义。方法 CHB患者98例和正常对照组20例入组本研究,依据HBV感染后的自然史将CHB患者分为免疫清除期患者(活动组)和非活动期患者(非活动组),采用Luminex液相芯片技术检测血清IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、GM-CSF、IFN-γ和TNF-α水平,并分析各组细胞因子的变化情况和与临床指标的相关性。结果除IL-10以外,IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、GM-CSF、IFN-γ和TNF-α在3组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中,非活动组IL-2、IL-4、IL-8、GM-CSF、IFN-γ和TNF-α水平高于对照组,活动组IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、GM-CSF和TNF-α水平高于对照组,活动组IL-4、IL-8和IFN-γ水平低于非活动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);另外,IL-6、IL-8与ALT、AST、TBil之间显著相关(P<0.05);而其余细胞因子与生化指标、HBV-DNA载量和HBsAg之间无明显相关性。结论慢性HBV感染者血清中的多种细胞因子表达增加,其中免疫清除期以炎性细胞因子升高为主,非活动期以抗炎和Th1型细胞因子升高为主,因此,检测血清细胞因子对了解患者机体免疫状态和疾病严重程度有重要意义。     

不同阶段应用抗L3T4单抗干预治疗对心肌病小鼠细胞因子的影响

目的： 研究不同阶段应用抗L3T4单抗对心肌病小鼠Th1/Th2亚群及血清和心肌组织中细胞因子的影响，探讨抗L3T4单抗治疗自身免疫性心肌病的机制。方法: 用含有人线粒体ADP/ATP载体肽的免疫液免疫近交系BALB/c小鼠建立类扩张型心肌病模型（心肌病组）；以不含肽免疫液免疫小鼠作为对照组；在用ADP/ATP载体肽免疫小鼠的前1 d连续3 d以400 μg抗L3T4单抗免疫小鼠获得早期治疗组；心肌病组小鼠于第4个月初始连续3 d给予抗L3T4单抗治疗获得中期治疗组，单抗使用方法同早期治疗组。运用3色荧光标记流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏中Th1/Th2的百分含量；以ELISA法检测其血清中IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6和TNF-α水平；实时荧光定量PCR法检测其心肌细胞因子基因表达。 结果: 早期治疗组Th1及Th2亚群明显低于心肌病组；中期治疗组Th1相关细胞因子水平高于心肌病组，Th2水平介于心肌病组和早期治疗组之间。早期治疗组IFN-γ和IL-6与对照组相近，IL-2和TNF-α均高于对照组和心肌病组，IL-4介于前两组之间且与它们均有显著差异；中期治疗组IFN-γ和IL-2水平介于对照组和心肌病组之间，IL-6和IL-4明显低于心肌病组。 结论: 不同阶段应用抗L3T4单抗能够阻断或减轻系统性和局部细胞因子的生成，早期治疗较中期治疗对细胞因子的抑制作用更显著。     

玉屏风散对S180荷瘤小鼠Th1／Th2型细胞因子的影响

目的探讨玉屏风散对荷瘤小鼠Th1／Th2型细胞因子产生的影响。方法采用体外培养S180肉瘤细胞，接种C57BL／6纯系小鼠，建立荷瘤小鼠模型，设正常对照、荷瘤对照及玉屏风散给药组，检测各组脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力及Th1（IL-2、IFN-γ）和Th2（IL-4、IL-10）细胞因子产生水平。结果荷瘤组T细胞增殖能力明显下降，Th2型细胞因子IL-10的产生明显增加，与正常对照组比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．01），而IL-4的含量略有增加，但无统计学意义。Th1型细胞因子IL-2及IFN-γ的产生明显减少，与正常对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。玉屏风散给药对T细胞增殖能力及细胞因子的产生有较为明显的调节作用，与荷瘤组比较T细胞增殖能力及IL-2、IFN-γ的产生明显增加（P〈0．01），Th2型细胞因子IL-10的血清含量下降（P〈0．01）．IL-4的含量略有下降，但与荷瘤对照组比较无统计学意义。结论玉屏风散可有效调节荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能，促进荷瘤鼠Th1型细胞因子的产生，有效纠正荷瘤导致Th1／Th2的失衡，增强机体的抗肿瘤免疫功能。     

多房棘球绦虫重组Bb-EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3疫苗诱导小鼠细胞因子变化的研究

目的:研究多房棘球绦虫重组Bb-EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3疫苗对原头蚴攻击小鼠细胞因子变化的影响.方法:将重组Bb-EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3疫苗分别通过皮下注射、肌肉注射、鼻腔黏膜接种和口服接种免疫BALB/c小鼠12周后, 用50个多房棘球绦虫原头蚴腹腔注射进行攻击, 攻击感染后18周剖杀小鼠, 取脾脏制备淋巴细胞悬液体外培养, 分别以多房棘球绦虫抗原(EmAg)、 刀豆素A(ConA)刺激诱生白细胞介素12(IL-12)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)和干扰素γ(IFN-γ);以脂多糖(LPS)刺激诱生肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α).常规ELISA测定脾细胞培养上清液中IL-12、 IL-10、 IFN-γ和TNF-α水平.结果:与对照组相比,疫苗免疫组IFN-γ、 IL-12、 TNF-α水平增加, IL-10水平降低, EmAg刺激组和ConA或LPS刺激组细胞因子水平明显高于相应的原液组.结论:多房棘球绦虫重组Bb-EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3疫苗可诱导攻击感染小鼠产生Th1型细胞免疫应答, 增强宿主抗多房棘球绦虫感染的保护性免疫反应.     

旋毛虫对三硝基苯磺酸和噁唑酮诱导肠炎小鼠结肠中Th1/Th2类细胞因子表达的影响

目的 研究旋毛虫(T. spiralis)对三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)和噁唑酮(OXZ)诱导的实验性肠炎小鼠结肠中Th1/Th2类细胞因子表达的影响.方法 雌性BALB/c小鼠,随机分为50%乙醇对照组、T. spiralis应用组、TNBS(OXZ)诱导肠炎模型组、预先感染T. spiralis后诱导TNBS(OXZ)模型组(每组小鼠取材时保证6只以上).对各组小鼠肠黏膜固有层单个核细胞(LPMC)进行分离培养,采用ELISA方法观察感染T.spiralis和未感染T.spiralis小鼠于TNBS或OXZ诱导肠炎后3 d和7 d结肠中Th1/Th2类细胞因子蛋白的表达变化,包括IFN-γ、IL-12、IL-4、IL-10的表达量分析.结果 预先感染T. spiralis后诱导TNBS模型组小鼠在造模后3 d及7 d肠黏膜LPMC产生IFN-γ的水平均低于模型组(P＜0.05),而IL-4、IL-10的表达高于模型组(P＜0.05).预先感染T. spiralis后诱导TNBS模型组小鼠在造模后3 d肠黏膜LPMC产生IL-12的水平低于模型组(P＜0.05),第7天与模型组相比未见明显差异(P＞0.05).预先感染T. spiralis后诱导OXZ模型组小鼠在造模后3 d及7 d肠黏膜LPMC产生IFN-γ、IL-4及IL-10的水平均高于单纯造模组(P＜0.05).结论 T. spiralis对TNBS诱导的肠炎模型小鼠肠道局部免疫作用机制可能是通过诱导Th2型免疫反应及Tr1型细胞因子而抑制结肠炎小鼠Th1型过度免疫应答而实现的.在T.spiralis对OXZ模型小鼠的干预性研究中,没有按理论所设想的感染T.spiralis所产生的Th2型免疫反应会对OXZ诱导的Th2型炎症反应起叠加作用而加重病情.这提示我们,需要进一步探讨T.spiralis对拥有Th2型免疫应答的OXZ模型的具体作用机制.     

Serum Th1 and Th2 cytokine balance in patients of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of bladder pre- and post-intravesical combination immunotherapy

Combination therapy with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) plus interferon-α2b (IFN-α2b) for superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) seems to be immune-dependent and activation of Th1 immune response is required for clinical efficacy. The present study evaluates circulating serum cytokine profiles (Th1/Th2 cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2 TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) in 41 bladder cancer patients prior to transurethral resection of tumor (TURBT) (pre-therapy), and following intravesical combination immunotherapy (post-therapy) and their association with recurrence. Mean levels of IL-2 and TNF-α were significantly reduced while IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly enhanced in pre-therapy samples as compared to controls. Mean levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α were significantly increased while IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly reduced in patients after instillation of combination immunotherapy. These findings suggest that bladder cancer patients develop Th2 dominant status with deficient type 1 immune response that shows tendency to reversal following therapy.     

The effect of atorvastatin and its role on systemic cytokine network in treatment of acute experimental colitis

Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by disabilities in gastrointestinal system and defects in mucosal immune system. Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor and are used to treat hypercholesterolemia in patients with coronary artery and atherosclerotic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that statins have immunomodulatory role by effecting different pathways in immune system. In this study, we investigated the effect of atorvastatin and its mechanism on systemic immune response in treatment of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mice. We observed that atorvastatin significantly suppressed the severity of TNBS-induced colitis in BALB/c mice. This was manifested in reduced rectal bleeding, decrease in colon length, reduction of histological damage, and improved survival. Concurrently, we investigated the immunomodulatory role of atorvastatin on systemic immune system. We investigated the proinflammatory (IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α), Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10), and Th17 (IL-17, IL-23) cytokine levels in serum samples of colitis and atorvastatin-administered mice. We discovered that administration of atorvastatin significantly down-regulates systemic TNF-α level and Th17 cytokine levels. Furthermore, atorvastatin treatment switches Th1 type T-cell response toward/to Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) type response.     

The role of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in immune phenotype and Th1/Th2 balance of dendritic cells

The aim of this study was to characterize the immune response of dendritic cells derived from monocytes (Mo-DCs) in the porcine peripheral blood following infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Viral load assays indicated that PRRSV efficiently infected Mo-DCs but failed to replicate, whereas PRRSV infection of Mo-DCs decreased the expression of SLA-I, SLA-II, CD80 and CD40 compared with those of mock Mo-DCs. Furthermore, we analyzed the cytokine profiles using quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA. Results indicated apparent changes in IL-10 and IL-12 p40 expression but not in IFN-γ and TNF-α among Mo-DCs infected with PRRSV and uninfected Mo-DCs. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis of the altered Mo-DCs together with IL-4 and GM-CSF induction for 7days revealed the typical morphology and phenotype with 91.73% purity before infection with PRRSV. Overall, our data demonstrate that PRRSV impaired the normal antigen presentation of Mo-DCs and led to inadequate adaptive immune response by down-regulating the expression of SLA-I,SLA-II, CD80 and CD40. Enhanced Th2 -type cytokine IL-10 secretion and reduced Th1-type cytokines IL-12p40,IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion results in Th1/Th2 imbalance.     

Co-stimulation with TLR3 and TLR21 ligands synergistically up-regulates Th1-cytokine IFN-γ and regulatory cytokine IL-10 expression in chicken monocytes

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system for various conserved pathogen-associated molecular motifs. Chicken TLR3 and TLR21 (avian equivalent to mammalian TLR9) recognize poly I:C (double-stranded RNA) and CpG-ODN (a CpG-motif containing oligodeoxydinucleotide), respectively. Interaction between TLR3 and TLR21 agonists poly I:C and CpG-ODN has been reported to synergize in expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the production of nitric oxide in chicken monocytes. However, the interaction between poly I:C and CpG-ODN on the expression of interferons (IFNs) and Th1/Th2 cytokines remains unknown. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the interaction between poly I:C and CpG-ODN on the mRNA expression levels of IFN-α and IFN-β, Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12, Th2 cytokine IL-4, and regulatory IL-10 in chicken monocytes. When stimulated with either agonist alone, CpG-ODN significantly up-regulated the expression of INF-γ, IL-10, and IL-12p40, but not IFN-α and IFN-β; whereas poly I:C induced the expression of INF-γ, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-10; but not IL-12p40. However, stimulation with a combinatory CpG-ODN and poly I:C further synergistically increased the expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 mRNA. Our results provide strong evidence supporting the critical role of TLR3 and TLR21 in avian innate immunity against both viral and bacterial infections; and the synergistic interaction between the TLR3 and TLR21 pathways produces a stronger Th1-biased immune response in chicken monocytes. Our result also suggest a potential use of poly I:C and CpG-ODN together as a more efficient adjuvant for poultry vaccine development.     

Galectin-9 administration ameliorates CVB3 induced myocarditis by promoting the proliferation of regulatory T cells and alternatively activated Th2 cells

In this study we explored the effects of galectin-9 on CVB3 induced myocarditis and its possible mechanisms involved. We demonstrated that galectin-9 expression was significantly up-regulated in the myocardium following CVB3 infection and was correlated with the severity of viral myocarditis. To explore whether galectin-9 may have therapeutic effect on the CVB3 induced myocarditis, galectin-9 was administered daily to mice following CVB3 infection. Significantly reduced CD4(+) T cells and remarkably increased regulatory T cells frequency in the heart tissue were found as compared to the non-treated mice. It was accompanied by a significant decreased level of Th1 cytokines as TNF-α and IFN-γ both in the myocardium and serum, and an increased level of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10. Galectin-9 was further found to promote the proliferation of regulatory T cells and elevated IL-4-secreting Th2 cells. It may represent as a novel therapeutic strategy in treating Th1-mediated inflammatory cardiac disease.     

Recombinant BCG coexpressing Ag85B,ESAT-6 and Rv3620c elicits specific Th1 immune responses in C57BL/6 mice

Tuberculosis (TB) remains to be an enormous global health problem. The inconsistent protection efficacy of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) calls for new vaccines for TB. One choice to improve the efficacy of BCG vaccine is recombinant BCG (rBCG). Experimental evidences have revealed that Ag85B, ESAT-6 and Rv3620c are important immunodominant antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we have constructed a novel rBCG expressing fusion protein Ag85B-ESAT6-Rv3620c and evaluated the immunogenicity of this rBCG in C57BL/6 mice. Results show that there is a strong TB-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes proliferation in mice immunized with this rBCG vaccine. A single dose immunization of rBCG could induce a significantly strong Th1 immune response characterized by an increasing ratio of antigen-specific IgG2b/IgG1 as well as a high expression level of Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2. This conclusion was confirmed by a decreased secretion of Th2 cytokine IL-10. Moreover, this rBCG induced a strong humoral response in mice with an increasing antigen-specific IgG titer. Therefore, we concluded that this rBCG could significantly increase both Th1 type cellular immune response and antigen-specific humoral response compared with BCG. The above observations demonstrated that rBCG::Ag85B-ESAT6-Rv3620c is a potential candidate vaccine against M. tuberculosis for further study.     

ST2 deletion enhances innate and acquired immunity to murine mammary carcinoma

ST2 is a member of the IL-1 receptor family and IL-33 was recently identified as its natural ligand. The IL-33/ST2 pathway regulates Th1/Th2 immune responses in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, but the role of ST2 signaling in tumor growth and metastasis has not been investigated. We aimed to investigate whether ST2 gene deletion affects tumor appearance, growth, and metastasis, and antitumor immunity in an experimental metastatic breast cancer model. Deletion of ST2 in BALB/c mice bearing mammary carcinoma attenuated tumor growth and metastasis, which was accompanied by increased serum levels of IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α and decreased IL-4. Tumor-bearing ST2-/- mice had significantly higher percentages of activated CD27high CD11bhigh NK cells, CD69+ and KLRG- NK cells and higher cytotoxic activity of splenocytes, NK cells, and CD8+ T cells in vitro. A significantly higher number of NK cells expressing IFN-γ were found in ST2-/- mice compared with WT recipients. In vivo depletion of CD8+ or NK cells revealed a key role for NK cells in enhanced antitumor immunity in ST2-/- mice. We report for the first time that suppressed breast cancer progression and metastasis in mice lacking ST2 corresponds mainly with enhanced cytotoxic activity of NK cells, and increased systemic Th1/Th17 cytokines.     

日本血吸虫重组Bb(pGEX-Sj14-3-3)疫苗免疫小鼠脾细胞因子的动态观察

目的探讨日本血吸虫重组双歧杆菌属两歧双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium bifidum,Bb)(pGEX-Sj14-3-3)疫苗免疫Balb/c小鼠后脾细胞因子的动态变化。方法重组疫苗分别经口服灌胃及鼻腔粘膜接种小鼠;在免疫后0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20和22周各剖杀4只小鼠,取脾及分离脾细胞;脾细胞分别经未刺激、SjAWA和ConA刺激培养;收集培养的上清液,双抗体夹心ELISA法测定培养上清液的细胞因子水平。结果口服组小鼠脾细胞IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α和IL-10水平分别在免疫后2~12、6~8、2~12和2~8周显著升高,分别在免疫后8、8、6和4周达最高水平;鼻腔黏膜接种组小鼠脾细胞IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α和IL-10水平分别在免疫后2~20、2~10、2~16和2~16周显著升高,分别在免疫后2、2、4和4周达最高水平。结论重组Bb(pGEX-Sj14-3-3)疫苗能够诱导免疫小鼠产生有效的免疫应答。     

带状疱疹后遗神经痛与Th1/Th2细胞因子及血清炎性因子相关性探讨

目的 探讨研究带状疱疹后遗神经痛(postherpetic neuralgia, PHN)与Th1/Th2细胞因子及血清炎性因子相关性.方法 选取2014年8月至2015年8月在我院接受治疗的120例带状疱疹后遗神经痛患者,进行低频脉冲电治疗结合神经营养药物(弥可保)注射治疗,比较治疗前后患者的疼痛视觉模拟(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分,Th1/Th2细胞因子水平及血清炎性因子水平,并研究VAS评分与二者的相关性.结果 PHN患者治疗后7d、1个月的VAS评分显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗后IFN-γ、IL-4水平与治疗前差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05),而IL-10水平与治疗前相比显著降低(P<0.05),PHN患者治疗后的IL-1β及TNF-α水平均比治疗前显著降低(P<0.05);Spearman秩相关分析结果表明,治疗前后,PHN患者疼痛程度与炎性因子IL-1β和TNF-α及Th1/Th2细胞因子IL-10显著正相关(P<0.05).结论 在PHN治疗中,低频脉冲电治疗结合神经营养药物(弥可保)注射治疗有显著的近期效果,患者的疼痛程度与Th1/Th2细胞因子及血清炎性因子有一定的相关性.     

Expression of Tim-1 and Tim-3 in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a serious and often fatal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infections; however, the precise mechanisms leading to CM is poorly understood. Mouse malaria models have provided insight into the key events in pathogenesis of CM. T-cell immune response is known to play an important role in malaria infection, and members of the T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule (Tim) family have roles in T-cell-mediated immune responses. Tim-1 and Tim-3 are expressed on terminally differentiated Th2 and Th1 cells, respectively, and participate in the regulation of Th immune response. Until now, the role of Tim family proteins in Plasmodium infection remains unclear. In the present study, the mRNA levels of Tim-1, Tim-3, and some key Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the spleen of Kunming outbred mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA) were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Compared with uninfected controls, Tim-1 expression was significantly decreased in infected mice with CM at day 10 postinfection (p.i.) but significantly increased in infected mice with non-CM at day 22 p.i.; in contrast, Tim-3 expression was significantly increased in infected mice both with CM at day 10 p.i. and with non-CM at day 22 p.i. The expressions of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-12 were significantly increased but IL-4 was significantly decreased in infected mice with CM at days 10 p.i., whereas the expressions of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β were significantly increased but IL-12 was significantly decreased in infected mice with non-CM at days 22 p.i. Furthermore, the expression of Tim-1 and Tim-3 could reflect Th2 and Th1 immune response in the spleen of PbANKA-infected mice, respectively. Our data suggest that PbANKA infection could inhibit the differentiation of T lymphocytes toward Th2 cells, promote the Th1 cell differentiation, and induce Th1-biased immune response in the early infective stage, whereas the infection could promote Th2 cell differentiation and induce Th2-biased immune response in the late infective stage. Our data indicate that both Tim-1 and Tim-3 may play a role in the process of PbANKA infection, which may represent a potential therapeutic target.