影像学在心血管疾病中的应用进展

近年来,大量影像学技术应用于心血管疾病的诊断和评价。2008年欧洲心脏协会(ESC)大会的主题展示了影像学在心血管疾病的应用前景。本文就影像学在心血管疾病中的应用进展作一综述。1多层螺旋CT(MSCT)目前,64层螺旋CT采用大功率高毫安输出X线球管,扫描速度快、时间分辨率高,探测     

普罗布考在心血管疾病中的应用进展

<正>普罗布考(probucol),化学名为丙丁酚,化学式为4,4'-[(1-甲基亚乙基)二双]2,6-二(1,1-二甲基乙基)苯酚,于20世纪7 0年代首先于美国上市并应用于临床,以往认为其主要作用是降低血清胆固醇。近年来研究发现,普罗布考除具有降脂作用外,还具有抗动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)、抗氧化应激、保护血管内皮、预防对比     

基因治疗在心血管疾病中的应用进展

心血管疾病是威胁人类健康的头号杀手 ,近年来基因治疗技术的不断进步为其防治开辟了一条全新有效的途径 ,尤其是在心肌缺血、心肌梗死、心力衰竭和心脏移植等领域已逐渐由实验研究过渡到临床应用 ,取得了一定的治疗效果。本文就近年来该领域的主要进展作一综述。     

美托洛尔在心血管疾病中的应用进展

20世纪β受体阻滞剂的发现在心血管疾病的治疗史上具有划时代的意义.随着对各种心血管疾病发病机制的深入认识,进一步肯定了β受体阻滞剂在各种心血管疾病治疗中的重要地位.无内在拟交感活性的第二代选择性β1受体阻滞剂美托洛尔由于其具有较高的受体选择性,减少了不良反应的发生,目前广泛用于各种心血管疾病的治疗中.本文就美托洛尔在各种常见心血管疾病中的应用进展作一综述.     

Lorenz散点图在心血管疾病中的应用进展

心脏是人体的重要器官,存在特殊的电生理机制,可呈现出多种形式的心电图。目前,临床对于心脏电生理现象的监测方法呈多样化,其中Lorenz散点图是近年研究热度较高的一种检查方法。Lorenz散点图是以大量连续心电波为数据,在二维坐标系中将连续的RR间期序列转化成的一张散点图形,能够直观、准确地从整体角度观察全部心搏信息,从而获取常规动态心电图分析方法无法观察的信息。本文就Lorenz散点图在心血管疾病中的应用进行综述,并指出其在心房颤动、心房扑动、并行心律、期前收缩等心律失常鉴别中具有明显优势。     

基因治疗进展及其在心血管疾病中的应用

随着分子生物学理论和技术的进展,特别是在载体的构建、靶基因的界定和活体内基因转移技术等方面所取得的重要进展,使许多因基因结构或表达异常引起的心血管疾病利用基因治疗可获得根治。自1992年人类首次成功地应用低密度脂蛋白受体基因治疗家族性高胆固醇血症,揭开了心血管疾病基因治疗的序幕,近十年时间内,心血管疾病基因治疗取得了一系列令人瞩目的成就。本文就基因治疗方法学及其在心血管领域的应用进展作一综述。1　基因治疗方法学及进展1.1　基因治疗的概念:基因治疗指将正常和野生型的基因插入靶细胞的染色质基因组中,以补充缺失基…     

机器学习在心血管疾病中的临床应用进展

人工智能已从各个方面改变了人类的生活.机器学习是人工智能的子集,其从大型数据库中通过提取模式来自动获取信息,作为一种结合数据科学和统计技术的方法,已越来越多地应用于医学界,特别是心血管疾病领域.现阐述机器学习在心血管疾病不同方面的临床应用,便于大家更好地理解其与现代医学的关联.     

假基因在心血管疾病中的进展

心血管疾病是影响人类寿命的主要疾病,近年来随着科学技术的发展,对这一疾病的分子水平认识更为深入,有研究表明假基因参与心血管疾病的发生发展。假基因是与亲本基因高度同源的非编码基因,因无蛋白质编码功能,曾被称为"垃圾基因",与亲本基因的高度同源性使两者难以鉴别。随着测序技术的不断发展,假基因的鉴定技术逐渐成熟,研究表明假基因与心血管疾病发生、发展密切相关。现通过综述假基因的定义、鉴定、功能及在心血管疾病的作用,加深心血管疾病研究者在这一领域的认识。     

心血管疾病分子影像学进展及其临床转化

 分子影像学是医学影像学技术与现代分子生物学结合而产生的一门综合交叉学科。1999年美国哈佛大学 Weissleder最早提出分子影像学的概念,即应用影像学的方法对活体状态下的生物过程进行细胞和分子水平的定性和定量研究。分子影像学在心血管疾病的动物实验与临床前期研究取得了较快的发展,这些对于临床实现个体化医疗将产生重要的影响。如何将这些进展转化为临床应用是目前亟待解决的问题。现就分子影像学在动脉粥样硬化、心衰以及干细胞移植方面的临床转化及其进展作一综述。     

Advances in medical imaging

The field of medical imaging, stimulated by advances in digital and communication technologies, has grown tremendously. New imaging techniques that reveal greater anatomical detail are available in most diagnostic radiology departments. We discuss vascular imaging with ultrasound, high-resolution computed tomography of the thorax, magnetic resonance imaging applications, and picture archiving and communication systems. Vascular imaging with ultrasound requires duplex and color flow Doppler, which combine gray-scale ultrasound and the Doppler phenomenon. High-resolution computed tomography modifies conventional computed tomography technology and results in images with higher spatial resolution. Magnetic resonance imaging applications for all areas of the body are being investigated and are replacing older roentgenographic techniques such as computed tomography, arthrography, myelography, and even angiography in a growing number of indications. With these new digital imaging modalities, image management has become an important consideration that can be addressed by picture archiving and communication systems.     

Advances in clinical applications of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is an evolving technology with growing indications within the clinical cardiology setting. This review article summarises the current clinical applications of CMR. The focus is on the use of CMR in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease with summaries of validation literature in CMR viability, myocardial perfusion, and dobutamine CMR. Practical uses of CMR in non-coronary diseases are also discussed.     

Noninvasive imaging of apoptosis in cardiovascular disease

Recent advances in molecular imaging have permitted the noninvasive imaging of apoptosis, a critical process underlying the pathogenesis of many diseases of the cardiovascular system including atherosclerotic vascular disease, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, chronic heart failure, myocarditis, and cardiac allograft rejection. Multiple molecular targets including phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and caspases have been targeted by a variety of imaging agents and modalities such as nuclear scintigraphy, PET, MRI, and fluorescent and bioluminescent imaging. Translationally, methods utilizing radiolabeled annexin V have proven promising in several clinical trials of ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiac allograft rejection. New approaches using novel molecular imaging agents show great potential for the ability to image apoptosis in the research and clinical setting. Ultimately the ability to detect apoptosis noninvasively would help to identify patients for emerging anti-apoptotic therapies and guide clinical management with the aim of maximal myocardial preservation.     

Advances in imaging for pancreatic disease

Pancreatic imaging is an essential tool in the early diagnosis and staging of pancreatic disease. This review analyzes the most recent advances in pancreatic imaging. The specific modalities discussed include helical computed tomography (HCT) and multislice CT (MSCT), CT angiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and positron emission tomography (PET). At present, MSCT is generally viewed as the most efficient modality for initial detection and staging of pancreatic carcinoma, with an accuracy rate of about 95% to 97% for initial detection and virtually 100% for staging. CT is also the initial imaging modality used in evaluation of acute pancreatitis. However, recently, MRI has been viewed increasingly as a more precise diagnostic tool in this subgroup of patients. MRCP has been accepted as the primary imaging technique in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. PET imaging, on the other hand, has an increasing role in the staging of pancreatic carcinoma, for which it may be the modality of choice in detection of extrapancreatic metastasis.     

克罗恩病内科治疗的新进展

对于活动期克罗恩病(CD)的治疗,日本是以营养疗法为首选;欧美则根据随机对照试验(RCF)的结果以类固醇激素为主,其差异可能与治疗期间,胃肠道营养剂的组成,QOL(生活质量)以及医疗保险制度等不同有关.近年来开发出较以往常用药物(柳氮磺胺吡啶及强的松)副作用少的新制剂.此外,根据疾病的具体情况,可以选择抗CD4抗体;抗TNF-α抗体;外源性给予IL-10;抗粘附分子疗法;白细胞去除疗法;免疫调节疗法;肝素抗凝,EPA等疗法.     

Ultrasound molecular imaging of cardiovascular disease

Myocardial contrast echocardiography utilizes intravenously injected gas-filled microspheres as acoustically active red blood cell tracers. During ultrasound imaging, unimpeded microsphere transit through the intramyocardial microcirculation causes transient myocardial opacification, which can be mapped and quantified as myocardial perfusion. Ultrasound molecular imaging utilizes similar acoustically active microspheres, which are modified to bear a receptor-specific ligand on the surface, conferring microsphere binding to a disease-specific endothelial epitope. Because the microspheres adhere to the endothelium, ultrasound imaging reveals a persistent, rather than transient, contrast effect, indicating the presence and location of the molecule of interest in real time. Molecular contrast echocardiography has been developed to detect upregulated leukocyte adhesion molecules during microvascular inflammation, such as occurs in cardiac transplant rejection and ischemia-reperfusion. Principles of microsphere targeting and ultrasound imaging of microvascular epitopes have been extended to larger vessels to image molecular markers of atherosclerosis. This Article summarizes the current status of cardiovascular ultrasound molecular imaging. Experimental proofs of concept will be outlined and the clinical extension of these concepts to the molecular imaging of cardiovascular disease using clinical ultrasound technology will be discussed.     

他汀类药物治疗心血管疾病研究进展

血脂异常是致动脉粥样硬化的主要因素,动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病的重要基本病变,在此基础上的动脉内血栓形成是急性心血管事件的首要原因。他汀类药物调节血脂和减少血栓形成可以减少心血管疾病的发生。