多导睡眠图在儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征及鼾症中的应用

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)儿童及鼾症儿童多导睡眠图的特点及多导睡眠图对儿童睡眠障碍的临床应用价值。 方法对2002年12月至2004年9月新疆医科大学第一附属医院儿科74例OSAHS儿童及62例同年龄组原发性鼾症儿童进行整夜多导睡眠(PSG)监测，并进行比较，观察呼吸紊乱指数、觉醒次数、周期性腿动指数、睡眠最低血氧饱和度等16项指标。 结果与鼾症组相比，OSAHS儿童周期性腿动指数、呼吸紊乱指数、平均血氧饱和度、最低血氧饱和度、发生在非快速眼动期的呼吸紊乱指数有显著性差异(P<0.05)。 结论PSG是鉴别诊断儿童OSAHS与鼾症的重要方法，通过对PSG各项指标进行比较，强调PSG是诊断儿童睡眠有关疾患，特别是OSAHS的分型、病情评价的有用和重要方法。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并与不合并注意缺陷/多动障碍的多导睡眠图的比较

目的通过对比合并与不合并注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)儿童的多导睡眠监测指标，试图从睡眠结构和 睡眠主要参数的层次上来探讨ADHD的发病机制。 方法选择2004-01—2006-10于广州市儿童医院就诊的OSAHS患儿36例作为OSAHS组，合并有OSAHS的ADHD患儿20例作为观察组，选取无OSAHS及 ADHD的儿童30例作为对照组，三组之间在年龄、性别、体重指数等方面相比，差异无显著性。通过多导睡眠监测(PSG)，并由神经康复科专科医 生对其是否患有ADHD作出诊断。采用相应的统计学方法，对OSAHS组、观察组及对照组的睡眠结构进行比较，并对OSAHS组和观察组进行呼吸事 件及血氧状况的比较。 结果(1)与对照组相比，OSAHS组及观察组睡眠Ⅰ期增加，睡眠Ⅱ期、SWS及REM睡眠减少，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，OSAHS组的REM%为8.66± 3.94，观察组的REM%为5.65±5.41，REM%的改变有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)观察组儿童呼吸事件的次数与持续时间及血氧饱和度下降较OSAHS 儿童严重，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论观察组儿童REM%及血氧饱和度的下降可能在ADHD的发病中起一定的作用。     

妇科手术合并睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征三例分析

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征是发病率较高、具有一定潜在危险的疾患，表现为睡眠时反复发作性呼吸暂停和(或)低通气，产生低氧血症，并可导致多系统器官功能损害，在围手术期如不给予足够的重视，有可能发生猝死等严重后果。现对我院妇科近期手术病例中出现的3例此类病例资料总结分析如下。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征血清食欲素-A变化及意义研究

摘要：目的　探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症患儿血清食欲素-A水平的变化及意义 。方法　选择30名OSAHS患儿（ OSAHS组）、健康儿童20名（正常对照组）和单纯肥胖者30例（单纯肥胖组）,所有受试者均接受多导睡眠仪监测,采用竞争酶联免疫分析法（EIA）测定血清食欲素-A水平。结果　OSAHS组血清食欲素-A水平（0.48±0.10） μg/mL 高于单纯肥胖组［（0.29±0.07） μg/mL,P < 0.01］及正常对照组［（0.30±0.12） μg/mL,P < 0.01］。OSAHS患儿血清Orexin-A水平与呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、微觉醒指数呈正相关（r = 0.427、0.468,均 P < 0.05）,与最低血样饱和度（LSaO2）、平均血氧饱和度（MSaO2）呈负相关（r = -0.527、-0.541 ,均P < 0.01）,OSAHS组及单纯肥胖组血清Orexin-A水平与BMI无相关性（P > 0.05）。结论　儿童OSAHS食欲素-A水平升高,其原因可能与睡眠时频繁唤醒、睡眠片段化、低氧血症有关。食欲素-A可能作为一个血清标志物来初步筛查可疑OSAHS患儿。     

妊娠期阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊治的初步研究

目的探讨妊娠期阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）的诊断、治疗及预后,为临床提供依据。方法选择2008年5月至2011年10月北京大学人民医院妇产科有打鼾或OSAHS高危因素的妊娠妇女,经夜间动态血氧饱和度（SaO2）和/或多导睡眠图（poly-somnography,PSG）检查确诊为OSAHS的患者12例,记录其母儿结局。结果 12例妊娠合并OSAHS患者均有打鼾症状,8例妊娠前体质指数（body mass index,BMI）≥25kg/m2,其中1例有OSAHS家族史,1例合并甲状腺功能减退,10例合并妊娠期高血压疾病。在知情同意的情况下,10例患者接受了持续气道正压通气（continuous positive airway pressure,CPAP）治疗,依从性良好。治疗前后进行SaO2监测,治疗前后平均SaO2（MSaO2）分别是（96.29±0.63）%和（94.32±1.14）%（P〈0.001）,最低SaO2（LSaO2）分别是（89.5±5.28）%和（80.85±9.42）%,两者治疗后均较治疗前有显著升高（P〈0.05）;同时每小时SaO2下降≥4%的次数[（0.96±1.00）次/h]较治疗前[（11.16±12.06）次/h]有显著下降（P〈0.05）。早产5例,足月产5例,因妊娠期高血压疾病加重未进入围生期2例;并发妊娠期糖尿病6例,产后出血2例。10例活产儿平均出生体质量为（3231.7±702.5）g（1500～4070）g,其中9例在诊断OSAHS后采取了CPAP治疗,均无胎儿生长受限和新生儿窒息的发生,5例早产儿和1例37周足月儿出生后低血糖转儿科治疗。结论妊娠期妇女尤其是有OSAHS高危因素者,详细询问病史并注意是否有OSAHS的症状,一旦怀疑OSAHS,需要行整夜SaO2监测或PSG检查。OSAHS患者中妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病和早产的发生率较高。CPAP是一种安全有效的治疗妊娠期OSAHS的方法。     

手术治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患儿睡眠结构的影响

目的观察扁桃体和(或)腺样体切除术后阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)儿童睡眠结构的改变，探讨OSAS儿童术后症状改善的病理生理学基础。 方法对1998年12月至2003年10月广州市儿童医院收治的115例OSAS儿童进行扁桃体和(或)腺样体切除，并分别于术前及术后3个月于夜间睡眠时进行多导睡眠监测。比较手术前后宏观睡眠结构和微观睡眠结构的变化。 结果手术治疗对OSAS儿童宏观睡眠结构无明显改善。微观睡眠结构：术后觉醒指数(27±02)较术前(62±04)明显减小(t=725,P<001)。 结论扁桃体和(或)腺样体切除对OSAS儿童睡眠结构的改善主要体现在微观睡眠结构上，即觉醒指数明显减小。因此微观睡眠结构的改善应该是OSAS儿童术后症状改善的病理生理学基础。     

COPD合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸低通气综合征的临床分析

目的：研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸低通气综合征（OSAHS）对肺功能、血氧饱和度（SaO2）的影响。方法：对30例COPD和25例重叠综合征患者的肺功能、血氧饱和度、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、体重指数（BMI）进行比较。结果：重叠综合征组与COPD组的夜间最低SaO2有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,AHI有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：重叠综合征夜间缺氧往往比单纯的COPD更为明显。应该早诊断,早治疗,减少并发症。     

子痫前期合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的临床分析

目的 探讨子痫前期合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)的临床特征及其母婴近期结局.方法 选择2018年6月至2019年6月在东莞市人民医院收治住院的子痫前期孕妇,共有68例孕妇纳入研究,经多导睡眠监测确诊为OSAHS设为OS...     

PCOS与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的相关性研究

目的 探讨多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的相关性。方法 选取100例PCOS患者作为观察组,同期100例健康女性作为对照组。并以体质量指数（BMI）≥28 kg/m2作为肥胖的诊断标准,再将两组分为肥胖组与非肥胖组。比较两组阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征阳性率,分析合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的PCOS患者胰岛素抵抗状态,探究PCOS与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的相关性。结果 观察组爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表（ESS）和STOP-Bang的阳性率相比对照组较高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组肥胖组比对照组肥胖组阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征阳性率高,且观察组非肥胖组比对照组非肥胖组阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征阳性率高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）与对照组相比较高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性显示：PCOS患者肥胖、HOMA-IR与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征成正相关（r=0.436、0.367,P<0.05）。结论 PCOS患者肥胖、胰岛素抵抗程度与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合...     

小儿睡眠呼吸暂停综合症与监测体会

目的：对50例腺样体肥大、打鼾患儿进行睡眠监测,分析睡眠指数。方法：采用美国伟康公司Alice4多导睡眠监测仪,每例患儿监测的参数包括脑电图、眼电图、下颌肌电图、口鼻气流、胸腹呼吸运动、SpO_2、体位、心电图等。结果：睡眠指数与腺样体肥大程度呈正比。轻度13例,中度15例,重度19例,其余3例在正常范围内。结论：在临床工作中发现,睡眠指数偏高多数发生于肥胖、腺样体肥大患儿,通过睡眠监测,正确评估和诊断小儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症（OSAHS）。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征对耳蜗功能影响的研究

目的探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)对耳蜗功能的影响。 方法将2002年6月至2003年8月广州市儿童医院收治的26例(52耳)OSAS患儿的畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)的结果与２８例(56耳)正常儿童DPOAE结果进行比较。 结果26例OSAS患儿多导睡眠图(PSG)示最低血氧饱和度(5791±1861),呼吸紊乱指数(2910±2331)，与正常儿童相比差异均有显著性意义。OSAS患儿F1~F4频率段DPOAE反应幅值与正常组比较，差异无显著性意义(P>005)；F4~F11频率段的DPOAE反应幅值及F1~F11频率段DPOAE检出率均较正常儿童低,差异有显著性意义(P<005)。 结论OSAS能导致患儿耳蜗功能受损，对OSAS患儿应常规做耳声发射检查，做到早诊断、早治疗。     

Sexual function status in women with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

IntroductionSeveral co-morbid diseases have been shown to affect sexual functions in both genders. In the literature, sexual function status in men with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been studied; however, sexual functions in women with OSAS have not yet been studied.AimsIn this prospective study, we aimed to determine sexual function status in women with OSAS and its relationship with the disease parameters of OSAS.MethodsWomen, who were diagnosed with OSAS with polysomnography performed in the sleep center of our university hospital, formed the study population. Women with any genital deformity, postmenopausal women, and women without a regular partner were excluded from the study. General demographic properties, medical histories, polysomnography parameters, and frequency of intercourse per month were noted for each patient. Patients completed the Sexual Function Questionnaire Version 2 (SFQ-V2) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The patients were grouped as mild, moderate, and severe OSAS according to the level of respiratory disturbance index (RDI).Main Outcome MeasuresScores of sexual function domains were determined from SFQ, and their relationships with parameters of polysomnography and demographics were studied.ResultsTwenty-five patients were included in the study. Mean age was 48.1 ± 2.7 years. All were married with a mean marriage duration of 25.6 ± 3.3 years. Mean frequency of intercourse per month was 3.3 ± 1.8. All domains of sexual functions except pain and enjoyment significantly decreased with increasing severity of OSAS. When we controlled for factors of age and co-morbid diseases, correlation analyses showed significant negative correlation between levels of RDI and all domains of sexual functions except pain and enjoyment (P < 0.05).ConclusionsObstructive sleep apnea syndrome negatively impacts sexual function in women independent of age and associated co-morbid diseases. Köseoğlu N, Köseoğlu H, Itil O, Öztura İ, Baklan B, Ikiz AO, and Esen AA. Sexual function status in women with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.     

小儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征并肺动脉高压２例围术期处理回顾分析

摘要：目的　探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAHS）并肺动脉高压患儿的围术期处理方案。方法　回顾性分析2006年4月至2009年5月广州儿童医院收治的2例OSAHS并肺动脉高压患儿的临床资料并复习相关文献。1例患儿在肺动脉高压未纠正前接受传统方法扁桃体剥离联合腺样体刮除手术,1例患儿术前进行持续正压通气治疗,纠正肺动脉高压后接受等离子双扁桃体切除联合腺样体消融手术。结果　术前纠正肺动脉高压患儿手术顺利,术中及术后未出现任何并发症,术前未纠正肺动脉高压患儿术后反复出现严重低血氧症,导致不能正常拔除气管插管,在重症监护室2d后才转入普通病房。对2例患儿进行3个月以上随访,睡眠打鼾、张口呼吸、憋气均明显改善,呼吸暂停指数术前分别为90.0、29.2,术后为3.5、4.6;夜间最低血氧饱和度0.43、0.63,手术后为0.95、0.92,取得了满意的效果。结论　伴扁桃体腺样体肥大的OSAHS患儿,手术是一线治疗方案,但OSAHS并肺动脉高压患儿手术风险大,并发症出现率高,围术期处理非常重要,持续正压通气治疗可纠正患儿肺动脉高压,从而提高手术安全性。     

The effect of yoga on pulmonary function in patients with asthma: A meta-analysis

BackgroundAsthma is one of the most common non-communicable diseases. Yoga with physical postures, breathing exercises, meditation, and relaxation may play an essential role in the complementary management of lower respiratory diseases. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of yoga (posture, breathing exercises, and meditation) on pulmonary function tests, asthma control tests, and health-related quality of adult asthmatic patients.MethodsMEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Clinical Key, and Academia electronic search engines were explored to search the relevant literature. The present study included adult asthmatic patients (age −18 and 60 years) with mild to moderate asthma, per GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guidelines. The effect of yoga was assessed on the following outcomes; pulmonary function tests, including FeV1 (Forced expiratory volume 1 s), FVC (Forced vital capacity), FeV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), health-related quality of life, and asthma control test. A fixed-effect model was applied to compute significance for statistical heterogeneity. P-value <0.05 was considered for statistical significance.ResultsFinally, fifteen articles were included for meta-analysis. The forest plot for overall effect of yoga intervention and usual care favors the yoga intervention for improvement in pulmonary function as FeV1 (SMD = 0.96, CI = 0.77–1.14, I² = 54%), FVC (SMD = 0.35, CI = 0.14–0.55, p = 0.11, I² = 50%), Fev1/FVC (SMD = 0.18, CI = −0.38-0.02, p = 0.02, I² = 50%), PEFR (SMD = 0.38, CI = 0.18–0.58, p = 0.0003, I² = 0%), asthma control test (SMD = 0.16, CI = 0.15–0.48, p = 0.31, I² = 86%) and health-related quality of life (SMD = 0.26, CI = 0.18–0.34, p = 0.02, I² = 51%) of asthmatic patients.ConclusionThis meta-analysis provides a moderate level of evidence regarding yoga as a complementary therapy in managing mild to moderate asthmatic patients. It also adds to the current knowledge of the same.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患儿血浆内皮素 1与血管紧张素Ⅱ水平的检测及分析

目的探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患儿血浆内皮素 1(ET 1)和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)水平的变化及临床意义。 方法选择广州市2004年2月至2004年11月在儿童医院住院治疗的80例OSAS患儿及30例正常儿童，测定血浆ET 1及AngⅡ水平。 结果与正常儿童相比，OSAS患儿血浆ET 1及AngⅡ水平明显增高，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ET 1水平对多导睡眠图(PSG)结果无明显影响；AngⅡ浓度与最低SaO2相关。 结论血浆ET 1和AngⅡ水平增加与OSAS发病有一定的关系。     

Fetal response to periodic sleep apnea: a new syndrome in obstetrics.

Periodic sleep apnea, a chronic sleep deprivation state, in which marked changes in the arterial PO2 and PCO2 tensions have been recorded, is a relatively new syndrome not previously reported in pregnancy. It is characterized by episodes of apnea, prevalently obstructive, during sleep. The majority of patients with this syndrome have snored heavily for years, suggesting a causal relationship between snoring and periodic sleep apnea. The effects of prolonged snoring on alveolar ventilation and systemic pressure(s) suggest that this snoring has physiopathological implications on maternal cardio-respiratory reserve and indirectly upon the fetus, especially as there are recordable changes in fetal heart rate and also a change in the acid-base status of the fetus. The possibility that this syndrome may have an adverse effect upon the fetus is stressed.