漆黄素对巨噬细胞和T淋巴细胞的免疫调节作用

目的探讨漆黄素(Fisetin,FIS)对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能、NO的释放及对T淋巴细胞体外活化、增殖的影响。方法无菌制备小鼠巨噬细胞悬液及淋巴细胞悬液;荧光微球结合流式细胞术(FCM)分析FIS对巨噬细胞吞噬作用的影响;Griess试剂盒检测巨噬细胞NO的释放;双色荧光抗体染色结合FCM,检测CD3+T细胞CD69的表达水平;CFSE标记技术检测T细胞增殖的情况。结果 2.5μmol/L,5μmol/L,10μmol/LFIS均能明显抑制巨噬细胞的吞噬微球的能力;FIS能抑制LPS和IFN-γ刺激的巨噬细胞的NO的产生(P<0.05);FIS对ConA刺激的T细胞表达CD69有抑制作用,并能有效抑制ConA诱导的T细胞增殖(P<0.01),且均呈剂量依赖性。结论 FIS能显著抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力和分泌NO的能力,并能够抑制T细胞的活化和增殖,有望发展成为一种新的免疫抑制药物。     

连翘提取物对小鼠T淋巴细胞体外活化与增殖的影响

目的:分析连翘(FS)提取物对小鼠淋巴结T细胞的体外活化与增殖的影响,初步探讨其免疫抑制作用机制.方法:无菌分离小鼠淋巴结细胞,加入多克隆刺激剂刀豆蛋白A(ConA)进行刺激,利用荧光标记的单克隆抗体(mAb)染色结合流式细胞术(FCM),检测小鼠T淋巴细胞的表达的活化抗原CD69、CD25、CD71的表达情况;以羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFDA-SE)染色,以FCM分析FS对淋巴细胞体外增殖的影响.结果:终浓度为40、80、160 mg/L的FS均对ConA刺激诱导的T细胞CD69、CD25和CD71的表达有降低作用(P＜0.05).CFDA-SE染色分析显示,上述浓度的FS对ConA诱导的小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖具有抑制作用(P＜0.05).结论:FS对ConA诱导的T细胞早、中、后期活化和体外增殖有抑制作用.     

茴香霉素在小鼠淋巴细胞增殖和活化中的作用

目的研究茴香霉素在小鼠淋巴细胞增殖和活化中的作用。方法以活体染料羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯染色，建立了在多克隆刺激剂刀豆蛋白A（ConA）刺激下评价小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的模型，通过流式细胞术及MTT法分析茴香霉素在不同剂量下对淋巴细胞增殖的作用；采用碘化丙锭染色分析茴香霉素对ConA或佛波醇酯（PDB）加离子霉素（Ion）刺激的小鼠淋巴细胞周期变化的作用；利用荧光标记的单克隆抗体双染技术结合流式细胞仪检测茴香霉素对小鼠CD3^＋淋巴细胞早期及中期活化标志分子CD69和CIY25表达的影响。结果随着茴香霉素浓度从1．0ng／ml逐渐增至25．0ng，ml，ConA对淋巴细胞的促增殖作用逐渐减弱，以10．0ng，ml和25．0ng，ml茴香霉素的抑制作用最为明显，呈剂量依赖关系（r=-0．96，P〈0．01）。进一步发现，1．0—25．0ng/ml茴香霉素能够使ConA或PDB加Ion诱导的淋巴细胞停滞于G0/G1期，阻止其进入S期，且阻止作用随上述浓度的增加而增强，呈明显剂量依赖关系（r=-0．97，P〈0．01和r=-0．98，P〈0．01）。据此选用最佳剂量10．0ng/ml，茴香霉素能够明显抑制淋巴细胞表面分子CD69和CIY25的表达（P均〈0．01）。结论茴香霉素能明显抑制小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖和活化。     

下调Notch3对小鼠T淋巴细胞体外活化增殖及NF-κB的影响

研究siRNA下调Notch3对小鼠T淋巴细胞体外增殖的影响,并初步探讨其免疫调节机制。从小鼠脾脏分离制备T淋巴细胞悬液;将化学合成的靶向Notch3基因的siRNA在Lipofectamine 2000介导下转染小鼠淋巴细胞;通过Westernblot检测各组细胞中Notch3蛋白水平的变化;以不同浓度的Notch3 siRNA作用于该小鼠T淋巴细胞模型,流式细胞术检测CD3~+T细胞早期活化标志CD69分子的表达;MTT检测Notch3-siRNA对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的抑制作用;EMSA检测NF-κB活性。在淋巴细胞体外培养试验中,转染Notch3 siRNA可以明显降低小鼠淋巴细胞内Notch3的表达,下调Notch3可以显著抑制刀豆蛋白A(ConA)诱导的T细胞CD69的表达;同时下调Notch3对小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖有抑制作用;而且发现下调Notch3能明显抑制ConA诱导的NF-κB活化。实验结果提示,下调Notch3信号可通过抑制NF-κB活化对小鼠T淋巴细胞活化与增殖发挥抑制作用。     

双黄连粉针剂对小鼠T淋巴细胞体外活化与增殖的影响

目的:探讨双黄连粉针剂(以下简称SHL)对小鼠T淋巴细胞的体外活化和增殖的影响.方法:MTT法检测SHL对小鼠淋巴细胞的毒副作用;双色荧光抗体染色技术结合流式细胞术分析SHL对小鼠T淋巴细胞在多克隆刺激剂(ConA)刺激下体外活化抗原CD69表达的影响;MTT法以及羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸(CFDA-SE)标记技术结合流式细胞术分析SHL对小鼠T淋巴细胞在ConA诱导下体外增殖的影响.结果:SHL对小鼠淋巴结来源的淋巴细胞毒副作用非常小;终质量浓度为60、 80、 100、 120 mg/L的SHL对ConA刺激下的T淋巴细胞体外活化抗原CD69表达具有抑制作用(P<0.01);MTT法和CFDA-SE染色法都显示, 终质量浓度为60、 80、 100、 120 mg/L的SHL对ConA诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖作用具有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01).结论:SHL对小鼠T淋巴细胞的体外活化和增殖具有明显的抑制作用.     

橙皮素对小鼠T淋巴细胞体外活化与增殖的影响

目的:研究橙皮素(Hes)对小鼠T细胞体外活化和增殖的影响,并探讨其作用机制.方法:用ConA刺激小鼠淋巴结来源的淋巴细胞,以不同终浓度Hes与T细胞共培养,利用荧光标记抗体双染色结合流式细胞术(FCM),检测各药物浓度Hes对ConA诱导的小鼠T细胞表达早期活化抗原CD69的作用;以酶标仪结合MTT比色法检测Hes药物的细胞毒性和对ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴结来源的淋巴细胞增殖的影响;以羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸(CFDA-SE)染色结合FCM检测Hes对ConA诱导的小鼠T细胞增殖的作用,并应用ModFit软件分析其增殖指数(PI).结果:淋巴细胞的存活率说明0.2 mL/L DMSO和25～75 μmol/L范围内的Hes对小鼠T淋巴细胞无毒副作用;MTT法、CFDA-SE法、双抗体染色法检测Hes对ConA诱导的小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖和活化结果均显示,终浓度为25、50、75 μmol/L的Hes对ConA诱导的小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖和活化均有抑制作用且呈剂量依赖关系.结论:有望通过进一步的研究将Hes发展为免疫抑制药物.     

对早期凋亡细胞的吞噬抑制T淋巴细胞活化的实验研究

目的:研究早期凋亡细胞及吞噬早期凋亡细胞的巨噬细胞对T淋巴细胞活化的影响。方法:体外以紫外线照射,诱导出早期凋亡的Jurkat细胞;建立早期凋亡细胞的吞噬模型;ELISA法分析早期凋亡细胞对LPS刺激下巨噬细胞分泌细胞因子的影响及在早期凋亡细胞和吞噬了早期凋亡细胞的巨噬细胞干预下,ConA刺激T淋巴细胞活化后CD69、CD25、CD71表达的变化。结果:巨噬细胞吞噬了早期凋亡细胞后,抑制性细胞因子(TGF_β1)的分泌明显上调,并且在一定程度上抑制了ConA刺激下的T淋巴细胞活化;具体表现为CD69、CD25、CD71等T淋巴细胞活化标志的表达受到明显抑制。当加入TGF_β1中和抗体后,这种抑制作用消失。结论:巨噬细胞吞噬了早期凋亡细胞后抑制ConA刺激下的T淋巴细胞CD69、CD25、CD71的表达,这种抑制作用依赖于的TGF_β1分泌增强。     

金银花提取物对小鼠淋巴细胞体外活化与增殖的影响

目的 研究金银花(Flos lonicerae,FL)提取物对小鼠淋巴细胞体外活化和增殖的影响,并初探其免疫抑制作用机制.方法 分离小鼠淋巴结细胞,以荧光标记的单克隆抗体染色结合流式细胞术,检测FL对刀豆蛋白A(Concanavalin A,ConA)刺激的小鼠淋巴细胞活化的影响;利用羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFDA-SE)染色,分析FL对淋巴细胞增殖情况.结果 细胞活化分析表明,金银花提取物对ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞CD69、CD25和CD71表达均有明显的抑制作用,且这种抑制程度与其药物浓度呈正相关(P＜0.05).CFDA-SE染色分析显示,不同浓度的金银花提取物均能明显抑制淋巴细胞的增殖(P＜0.05).结论 金银花提取物对ConA诱导下的小鼠淋巴细胞体外活化和增殖均有明显抑制作用,是一种有潜在能力的免疫抑制剂.     

CCK-8对内毒素血症小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞B7.1和B7.2表达及协同刺激功能的影响

目的： 探讨八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK-8）对内毒素血症小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞B7.1和B7.2表达及其协同刺激活性的影响。方法: 将BALB/c小鼠随机分组（n=4）,分别腹腔注射生理盐水（0.2-0.3 mL/mouse），LPS（100 μg/mouse）和/或CCK-8 (5 nmol/mouse)及CR1409（100 μg/mouse）、CR2945（100 μg/mouse）。12 h后收集并纯化腹腔巨噬细胞。采用流式细胞术分析细胞表面B7.1和B7.2含量的变化。用免疫磁珠从小鼠脾细胞分离CD4+T细胞，按4∶1数量比与上述处理的腹腔巨噬细胞共同体外培养，同时加入ConA 5 mg/L，采用［³H］掺入法测定CD4+T细胞增殖，反映巨噬细胞的协同刺激活性。结果: 整体应用CCK-8作用小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，与对照组相比，CCK-8可上调静息小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞B7.2的表达，而对B7.1的表达则无影响；并且CCK-8使CD4+T细胞［³H］-TdR的掺入率升高，即促进其增殖，增强巨噬细胞的协同刺激活性。CCK-8降低LPS活化的内毒素血症小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞B7.1和B7.2的表达并且降低CD4+T细胞的［³H］-TdR掺入率，即抑制其增殖，抑制其协同刺激活性。CR1409及CR2945均能逆转CCK-8的上述作用，且CR1409的作用较CR2945更明显。结论: CCK-8通过上调巨噬细胞B7.2表达而增强其协同刺激活性；并且降低LPS活化的内毒素血症小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞B7.1和B7.2的表达，抑制其协同刺激活性。该作用由CCK1R及CCK2R共同介导，其中CCK1R起主要介导作用。     

芹菜素对小鼠T淋巴细胞体外活化和增殖的抑制作用

研究芹菜素(apigenin,AP)对小鼠T细胞体外活化和增殖的影响,探讨其作用机制,以及将其开发为免疫抑制药物的可能。无菌分离小鼠淋巴结细胞,加入不同浓度(25μmol/L、50μmol/L、100μmol/L、150μmol/L和200μmol/L)的芹菜素预孵育4 h,用多克隆刺激剂刀豆蛋白A(concanavalin A,ConA)诱导T细胞活化和增殖,并用MTT法检测该药物浓度对T细胞的毒性作用。荧光标记抗体双染色结合流式细胞术,检测各浓度AP对ConA诱导的小鼠T细胞表达早期、中期和晚期活化抗原CD69、CD25和CD71的影响;以二乙酰羧基荧光素-琥珀酰亚胺酯(carboxyfluoresceindiacetate-succinim-idyl ester,CFDA-SE)染色结合流式细胞术,检测各浓度AP对ConA诱导的小鼠T细胞增殖的影响,并应用ModFit软件分析其增殖指数(proliferation index,PI)。结果显示,25~200μmol/L AP对ConA诱导的T细胞CD69、CD25的表达有显著抑制作用(P<0.01),且呈剂量依赖关系;25μmol/L和50μmol/L的AP抑制CD71的表达,但高浓度(大于100μmol/L)才有显著抑制作用(P<0.01)。各浓度AP对ConA诱导的T细胞增殖均有显著抑制作用(P<0.01),且呈剂量依赖关系。表明在一定浓度范围内,AP可显著抑制ConA诱导的小鼠T细胞体外活化及增殖,有望通过进一步研究将其开发成免疫抑制药物。     

Photoperiodicity and the function of the hypophysis and the adrenal cortex

Summary The ACTH content of the hypophysis of rats rises from a minimum in the morning to a maximum in the evening hours. These fluctuations are associated with the diurnal rhythm of light and darkness, and are abolished under conditions of continual light or darkness for 30 days. Rhythmic fluctuations of the ascorbic acid content of the adrenals are also found, with maximum values in the evening, and these are likewise abolished by maintenance under conditions of constant illumination.Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

指背腱膜滑动与近侧指间关节屈曲关系及临床意义

目的:探讨指背腱膜滑动距离与近侧指间关节(PIP)屈曲关系,为临床修复提供解剖学基础。方法:男性成人新鲜尸体标本10侧30指(示、中、环指各10指),切除手指皮肤,不破坏腱鞘、屈肌支持带、伸肌支持带、内在肌及外在肌,使肌腱保持正常的生理状态,分别测量各指中央束(CS)、侧束(LB)在PIP屈曲45°和90°时的滑动距离。结果:当PIP屈曲45°时,CS滑动距离为(2.7±0.4)mm,LB滑动距离为(2.8±0.6)mm;当PIP屈曲90°时,CS滑动距离为(4.3±0.7)mm,LB滑动距离为(4.8±0.6)mm。结论:指背腱膜滑动距离减少,严重影响手指的屈曲功能。对于指背腱膜的新鲜性损伤应予以精确修复;对于陈旧性损伤的修复应确保指背腱膜的正常滑动范围。     

产后妇女全血钙和骨源性碱性磷酸酶（ABAP）活性的检测与分析

目的结合我院特点,测定来我院进行产后检查妇女的骨源性碱性磷酸酶（ABAP）活性以及全血钙。方法采用金标法测定产妇3031人骨源性碱性磷酸酶（ABAP）的活性,并从中随机选择855人采用BH-5100型多通道原子吸收光谱仪检测全血钙。结果经测定,3031名产妇中679人骨源性碱性磷酸酶（ABAP）的活性异常,异常者检出率为22.4%,其中83.5%的产妇轻度缺钙,而16.5%的产妇严重缺钙;而全血钙异常检出率为17.0%。结论ABAP活性检测方法比全血钙检测方法测定体内钙营养水平更具敏感性,可作为检测评价产妇钙营养状况的一种简易可靠的方法,为产后骨质疏松提供了一种可靠、便捷、科学合理的指标。     

Cycloversion and cyclovergence: the effects of the area and position of the visual display

Rotation of a display in the frontal plane evokes a conjugate nystagmic rotation of the eyes (cycloversion) about the visual axes, with slow phases in the direction of stimulus motion — a response known as torsional optokinetic nystagmus (TOKN). Antiphase rotation of large dichoptic displays evokes a disconjugate rotation of the eyes about the visual axes, a response known as cyclovergence. Using the scleral-coil technique for monitoring eye movements we recorded TOKN evoked by black-and-white sectored displays rotating about the visual axis at an angular velocity of 30°/s. The display was confined to central areas with diameters ranging from 5° to full field or with the central 5° to 75° occluded. A 5° central display evoked TOKN with 40% of the gain for the full-field display and gain increased as a function of the size of the display. The gain of TOKN decreased with increasing size of a central occluder. These characteristics of TOKN are similar to those of horizontal OKN. Cyclovergence was virtually absent with a 5° display but was immune to occlusion of the central 40°. Cyclovergence therefore differs from cycloversion in showing no preference for centrally placed stimuli. These effects are free from the influence of stationary edges, since these were concentric with the stimulus motion. The effects are also free from the influence of voluntary pursuit, since humans do not normally have voluntary control over torsional eye movements.     

Organization and distribution of the upper and lower esophageal motoneurons in the medulla and the spinal cord of the rat

The upper cervical esophagus is exerted on swallowing and peristalsis by somatic and visceral motoneurons, whereas the lower esophagus is exerted on only peristalsis by visceral motoneurons. We examined the origin of the esophageal motoneurons and whether there were any differences between the distributions of the upper and the lower esophageal motoneurons in the medulla and the spinal cord using cholera toxin subunit b (CTb) as the retrograde tracer. Following injection of CTb into the cervical esophagus resulted in heavy labeling of the neurons in the nucleus ambiguus including the compact (AmC), semicompact (AmS) and loose (AmL) formations, and the medial column of lamina IX at the C1-C5 levels of the cervical spinal cord corresponding to the spinal accessory nucleus. A few labeled neurons were found in the inferior salivatory nucleus, the rostral division of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX), the accessory facial nucleus and the lateral column of lamina IX at the C2 and C3 levels. All these labeled neurons showed ChAT immunoreactivity. When CTb was injected into the cut end of the unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve, many labeled neurons were found in the ipsilateral AmC, the AmL, and the bilateral medial column at the C1 and C2 levels. Following injection of CTb into the subdiaphragmatic esophagus resulted in heavy labeling of the neurons only in the AmC and the DMX. When CTb was injected into the sternomastoid muscle, many labeled neurons were found in the medullary reticular formation, the facial nucleus, the medial column at the C1-C3, C5 and C6 levels, and the lateral column at the C2, C3, C5 and C6 levels. Injections of a Fluoro-Gold into the cervical esophagus and a CTb into the sternomastoid muscle or the subdiaphragmatic esophagus in the same animal showed many double labeled neurons in the medial column of the accessory nucleus at the C1 and C2 levels, but no double labeled neurons in the AmC. These results indicated that the upper cervical esophagus is innervated by the visceral medullary vagal motoneurons as well as the somatic spinal accessory motoneurons. The lower esophagus is innervated only by the visceral medullary vagal motoneurons.