Experimental Study on the Effect of Perfiuorodecalin on Rabbit Corneas

Purpose: To study the effects of perfluorodecalin on the cornea of the rabbit eyes. Methods: Perfluorodecalin (0.05 ml/each) was injected into the anterior chambers of eighteen rabbit eyes. Corneal morphology and endothelial cells were monitored clinically by slit-lamp biomicroscope and specular microscope for 26 weeks. Animals were sacrificed in 1st, 2nd, 4th, 10th, 16th, 22nd, and 26th week after injection, respectively,and the corneas were examined under the light microscope. Results: Perfluorodecalin droplets looking like "fish eggs" were found at about 1/4 ～1/2 of the corneal height in the inferior anterior chamber. Corneal opacification on the area contacted with perfluorodecalin was observed in five eyes five weeks after injection,and all in the 22nd week. Mutton fat KPs in one eye were seen in the 6th week firstly, and in all eyes in the 7th week. Corneal pannus formation in one eye was present in the 4th week, two eyes in the 5th week and three eyes in the 6th week. Retrocomeal fibrous membrane in one eye was detected at the 6th week and 3 eyes at the 7th week respectively.After injection of perfluorodecalin, endothelial cell density was sighificantly decreased (2789 + 192 vs. 2 341 +658, P ＜ 0.01) and corneal thickness was increased. Conclusions: Perfluorodecalin injected into anterior chamber can lead to corneal damage and inflammatory reaction. Eye Sciemce 2001; 17:16 ～ 20.     

不同壳聚糖膜片兔眼前房生物相容性的实验研究

目的观察不同壳聚糖膜片在兔眼前房的相容性,评价其用作角膜内皮细胞移植载体的可行性。设计实验研究。研究对象新西兰大白兔33只。方法33只兔中30只随机分为三组,分别将脱乙酰度为63％（A组）、74％（B组）、95％（C组）的壳聚糖生物膜植入到兔的左眼前房内,右眼不做操作作为空白组;另3只兔左眼仅做前房穿刺作为对照组。使用裂隙灯显微镜观察并记录植入后3、5、7、10、14天各组兔眼前房反应。1、2,4、8周测量角膜厚度。2、4周行术眼角膜内皮镜观察。1、3个月时病理切片,苏木精一伊红染色,观察术眼的炎症反应情况。主要指标角膜厚度、内皮细胞密度、六角形细胞率、平均细胞大小。结果术后1周内,三组兔眼均出现不同程度的角膜水肿、前房渗出、虹膜充血;术后第2周,A、B组出现前房积脓、虹膜新生血管,且膜片透明度下降,至术后2个月前房积脓、虹膜新生血管基本消失。C组第2周后未出现前房积脓及虹膜新生血管,且膜透明性好。角膜测厚显示,仅术后2周时c组角膜厚度较A、B两组的角膜厚度薄（F=13．425,P=0．000）,其余时间点均未见角膜厚度的差异。术后2周各膜片组术眼内皮细胞密度、六角形细胞率和细胞大小与空白组正常兔眼问均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）;术后1个月,A、B组HE染色示膜片周围大量炎性细胞聚集,术后3个月形成炎性肉芽肿,膜片被包裹。C组术后1个月,膜片周围未发现炎症细胞的包绕,只在膜片与角膜或虹膜组织接触点上有少量的炎性细胞,3个月后膜片周围无炎症反映。结论脱乙酰度为95％的壳聚糖生物膜较脱乙酰度63％、74％者具有更好的前房生物相容性。     

An evaluation of methylated collagen as a substitute for vitreous and aqueous humor

Purpose:To evaluate ocular tolerance of methylated collagen gel injected intravitreally and into the anterior chamber. Methods: Methylated collagen (type I/III) was tested in New Zealand white rabbits. Vitreous cavity: After pars plana vitrectomy, methylated collagen gel was injected intravitreally. The eyes were examined clinically; electroretinogram recordings were made before and after surgery. Vitreous samples were taken for immunological analysis for the presence of the injected collagen. The rabbits were sacrificed 6 months after surgery; the retina was evaluated by light microscopy. Anterior chamber: In another group of rabbits, methylated collagen gel (0.2 ml, 0.1 ml, or 0.05 ml) was injected into the anterior chamber after paracentesis. The eyes were examined with a slit lamp; intraocular pressure was measured postinjection. The rabbits were sacrificed after 4 months; the corneas were evaluated histologically. Results: Vitreous cavity: The fundus view was clear for 6 months after intravitreal injection. Scotopic and photopic electroretinograms were normal in 6/7 eyes; one eye experienced a mild decrease one month postoperatively. No abnormal changes were found in the retinal histology. Anterior chamber: Some corneas were hazy and edematous around the injection site for one week. The injected collagen appeared in bundles, patches, and little pieces in the anterior chamber with precipitates on the corneal endothelium, pupillary margin, and the anterior capsule of the lens. The collagen diminished gradually, without causing permanent opacity. Histologically, the corneal endothelium in the eye which received 0.2 ml collagen showed a mild distention of the mitochondriae and vesicle formation between endothelial cells under transmission electron microscope. Conclusion: Methylated collagen gel was tolerated by the eye after intravitreal injection. Localized temporary clinical and mild ultrastructural corneal changes were observed after anterior chamber injection.     

The effect of povidone iodine on the corneal endothelium

PURPOSE: Povidone iodine has been proven to be a valuable antiseptic solution in preparing the eye for surgery and is an alternative to postoperative topical antibiotics. No study has addressed the intraocular toxicity of povidone iodine after injection into the anterior chamber. We investigated the potential toxicity of povidone iodine on the corneal endothelium after injections into the anterior chamber in a rabbit model. METHODS: In this study we used 24 eyes of 12 albino rabbits. The eyes were divided into the following three groups according to the drugs tested: group A, 5% povidone iodine; group B, 10% povidone iodine; group C, balanced salt solution. The injected eyes were evaluated by biomicroscopy, specular microscopy, corneal pachymetry, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Corneal edema was observed in all eyes of groups A and B. In groups A and C, the endothelial cell morphology was not significantly changed and the mean endothelial cell count of the eyes did not change significantly (p = 0.5054). There was no significant difference in corneal thickness between groups A and C (p = 0.3823), but there was a significant difference between groups B and C ( = 0.0002). Transmission and scanning electron microscopy results were normal in group C but not in groups A and B. CONCLUSION: Povidone iodine in both 5% and 10% concentrations demonstrates severe toxicity when one drop of either concentration is placed directly in the anterior chamber. When povidone iodine is used in preparing the eye for intraocular surgery and as an alternative to postoperative antibiotics, the inadvertent leakage of povidone iodine into the anterior chamber must definitely be prevented.     

兔眼玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子单克隆抗体Bevacizumab的毒性观察

目的 观察不同剂量的抗血管内皮生长因子单克隆抗体Bevacizumab玻璃体腔注射后对兔眼角膜、房角、视网膜组织结构和功能的影响。 方法 24只健康新西兰大白兔分成3组，每组兔眼右眼分别注射Bevacizumab 1.25、2.50、5.00 mg；左眼为对照眼，注射相同体积的0.9％生理盐水。注射药物前后裂隙灯显微镜及直接检眼镜检查眼前段和眼底，监测眼压。注药前以及注药后1、4、8周行闪光视网膜电图（ERG）检查。8周时行角膜内皮计数后，摘除眼球行光学显微镜及透射电子显微镜检查。 结果 3组兔眼注射药物前后各时间点眼压、角膜内皮计数、ERG的a、b波振幅差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。光学显微镜检查，3组兔 眼角膜、房角、视网膜结构无明显变化。透射电子显微镜检查，视网膜超微结构亦无明显变化。 结论 玻璃体腔内注射1.25～5.00 mg Bevacizumab对正常兔眼组织没有明显毒性。 （中华眼底病杂志，2008，24：189-192）     

F6H8对兔眼前节组织结构毒性影响的实验研究

目的探讨全氟己基正辛烷(perfluorohexyloctane,F6H8)兔眼前房内存留不同时间对兔眼角膜内皮细胞、前房角、虹膜等组织结构的解剖和功能影响,方法 10只比利时有色兔,均以右眼为实验眼,左眼为对照眼。前房穿刺缓放房水后实验眼前房内注入0．2mlF6H8,对照眼注入0．2ml生理盐水。术后定期行裂隙灯、眼压、角膜厚度测量和角膜内皮镜检查,于术后一定时间气栓法处死兔取眼球行组织学检查。结果实验眼的眼压明显高于对照眼;下方角膜内皮细胞计数减少,角膜水肿、增厚。术后4w时小梁网结构失常,虹膜根部新生血管萌芽,角膜内皮细胞肿大,后表面有巨噬细胞附着;8-12w时,下方角膜内皮细胞空泡变性,部分区域变性崩解坏死;前房角大量巨噬细胞浸润,小梁网结构破坏,虹膜表面灶状巨噬细胞浸润并侵犯虹膜基质,虹膜表面新生血管形成。结论 F6H8前房内填充会造成眼前节组织结构和功能的破坏,F6H8作为硅油的清洗剂使用时,术中应尽量将其清除干净,注意避免其进入前房,尤其在无晶状体眼的患者更应谨慎,以免造成角膜内皮损害和继发性青光眼。     

全氟萘烷对兔眼前房角及眼压影响的实验研究

目的观察全氟萘烷(perfluorodecalin,PFCLs)对兔眼前房角和眼压的影响.方法随机选择23只新西兰白兔(实验眼17只,对照组6只),前房穿刺实验眼注入0.05ml全氟萘烷,对照组注入等量平衡盐液.术前及术后不同时点行裂隙灯眼前段检查并测眼压,然后摘取眼球做病理检查.结果对照组术前术后眼压改变无统计学差异.实验组术后第1周眼压(10.82±3.17 mmHg)接近术前水平(11.62±6.35 mmHg,P＜0.05);从第2周开始到16周眼压升高(P＜0.01).裂隙灯下对照组仅见房水闪辉(+),但实验组还见到角膜背羊脂状Keratic precipitate(Kp),全氟萘烷沉于前房下方呈大泡状或鱼卵样.后者组织病理切片见前房角大量泡沫状空泡及吞噬细胞;小梁网阻塞间隙增大,小梁组织变性.结论前房内注入全氟萘烷可导致持续的眼压升高,前房角可见炎症反应及小梁组织变性,因此临床手术后应尽量清除PFCLs.眼科学报2001;17220～223.     

角膜交联对真菌性角膜溃疡的治疗作用

背景 真菌性角膜溃疡是一种严重威胁视力的炎症性疾病,严重者需行角膜移植术或眼球摘除术.角膜交联术（CXL）是近年来治疗一些角膜疾病的有效方法,但其用于真菌性角膜溃疡的疗效方面少有研究.目的 观察CXL对真菌性角膜溃疡的治疗作用和效果.方法 选取8周龄健康新西兰白兔15只,其中5只作为正常对照组,另取10只兔刮除右侧角膜上皮行角膜划痕,涂抹镰刀菌液,然后行异种脱细胞角膜片覆盖,制备真菌性角膜溃疡动物模型.按照随机数字表法将模型兔随机分为非治疗组和CXL治疗组,每日行裂隙灯显微镜检查,测量角膜病灶的直径,并观察角膜水肿和炎性细胞浸润情况.于CXL治疗后第3、7、14、21、28天分别对非治疗组和CXL治疗组兔眼行眼前节照相和激光扫描共焦显微镜检查.治疗后4周,收集15只实验兔角膜组织,于扫描电子显微镜下检测正常对照组、非治疗组和CXL治疗组角膜胶原纤维的超微结构.结果 实验兔右眼造模后3d即可见角膜病灶区灰白色溃疡灶,激光扫描共焦显微镜下浅基质层局部见豆荚样菌丝.造模后l周角膜溃疡灶加深,范围扩大,激光扫描共焦显微镜下浅基质层见大量真菌孢子和短棒样菌丝,可见角膜内皮细胞层有炎性细胞及前房内渗出.CXL治疗后3、7、14、21 d,CXL治疗组兔角膜上皮缺失范围均小于非治疗组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.治疗后28 d,正常对照组、非治疗组和CXL治疗组兔角膜胶原纤维束平均直径分别为（24.6±1.8）、（24.9±1.9）和（43.0±7.4）nm,3个组间差异有统计学意义（F=27.05,P=0.00）,其中CXL治疗组胶原纤维直径较非治疗组和正常对照组增粗,差异均有统计学意义（t =-5.30、5.40,P＜0.05）,胶原纤维间见较多成纤维细胞;而非治疗组兔角膜胶原纤维直径与正常对照组间差异无统计学意义（t=0.25,P＞0.05）,正常对照组胶原纤维间少见成纤?     

Visualizing the vitreous body in the anterior chamber using 11-deoxycortisol after posterior capsule rupture in an animal model

OBJECTIVE: To develop a new technique to visualize vitreous body prolapsed in the anterior chamber using 11-deoxycortisol. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: An animal model of posterior capsule rupture was developed to investigate the usefulness of 11-deoxycortisol, a precursor of cortisol without steroid activity. After the intentional creation of posterior capsule rupture, the suspension of 11-deoxycortisol was injected into the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes. After gentle irrigation and aspiration, the vitreous body that had prolapsed into the anterior chamber was removed using an anterior vitrectomy cutter. To investigate the safety of 11-deoxycortisol, the biomicroscopic appearance, intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal endothelial count, and microstructure of the corneal endothelium were examined in the rabbits that received injections of 11-deoxycortisol in the anterior chamber. RESULTS: In our posterior capsule rupture model, the vitreous in the anterior chamber became clearly visible, with 11-deoxycortisol showing white particles entrapped on its surface. The injection of 11-deoxycortisol facilitated the complete removal of the vitreous body from the anterior chamber. In intact rabbit eyes, most of the injected 11-deoxycortisol had disappeared from the anterior chamber by 12 hours after injection. The injection of 11-deoxycortisol had no effect on IOP, corneal endothelial density, or the microstructure of the corneal endothelium. CONCLUSIONS: The injection of 11-deoxycortisol in the anterior chamber is useful in visualizing the vitreous body and has no significant side effects. This technique might reduce the intraoperative and postoperative complications of anterior vitrectomy after posterior capsule rupture.     

F6H8对兔角膜内皮细胞影响的研究

目的 研究F6H8对角膜内皮细胞的影响。方法 成年新西兰白兔15只,实验组12只,对照组3只,均行前房穿刺术,注入F6H8（实验组）或BSS（对照组）0．15ml,手术前后定期行裂隙灯、角膜内皮摄像及组织学检查。结果 术后4周,实验组与F6H8相接触的下方角膜内皮细胞形态不规则,角膜内皮细胞数目下降,与术前比较差异有显著意义（F＝16．602,P＝0．002）。光镜下见上皮细胞空泡变性,术后4周有角膜后膜形成。透透电镜下见线粒体,内质网肿胀及细胞核变性。结论 F6H8作为一种硅油清洗剂使用时应避免进入前房,目前尚不能作为眼内长期填充物。     

Effects of peroxynitrite on rabbit cornea

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) reacts rapidly with the superoxide anion to generate peroxynitrite, which has been found in the aqueous humor in eyes with uveitis. We evaluated the functional and anatomic effects of peroxynitrite on rabbit cornea. Methods: One eye of each rabbit received an anterior chamber injection of 3-morpholino-sydonimine N-ethylcarbamide (SIN-1), which simultaneously generates both NO and the superoxide anion. The corneal thickness was measured using an ultrasonic pachymeter before and after the injection. The eyes were fixed and the corneal specimens were prepared for electron microscopy. Results: Anterior chamber injections of SIN-1 caused a significant increase in the corneal thickness (25.1±3.0 μm) 30 min after injection. Transmission electron microscopy showed swollen mitochondria and large vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and scanning electron microscopy revealed obscuring of the mosaic pattern by increased ruffling of endothelial cell surface and borders. Conclusion: The results suggest that peroxynitrite generated in the aqueous humor may cause corneal endothelial cell damage, which leads to transient corneal edema. Rceived: 12 October 1999 Revised: 14 December 1999 Accepted: 16 December 1999     

贝伐单抗兔眼前房注射后在眼组织的分布及其不良反应的研究

背景贝伐单抗已被广泛用于眼部新生血管性疾病的治疗,对眼前房注射后其药代动力学改变和安全性评价可为其治疗虹膜新生血管和新生血管性青光眼提供依据。目的观察前房注射贝伐单抗后药物在兔眼组织的分布并评价其安全性。方法20只健康新西兰白兔按随机数字表法分为2组,实验组左眼前房注射0．05ml贝伐单抗（1．25mg）,对照组左眼前房注射平衡盐溶液0．05ml。注射药物前后用裂隙灯及直接检眼镜检查眼前段和眼底表现并定期监测眼压、行角膜内皮镜检查并评估角膜内皮细胞计数的动态变化。前房注射后1、4、7、14、30d光学显微镜下行兔视网膜的组织病理学检查,注射后第4天和第30天透射电子显微镜下行兔视网膜的超微结构检查,应用免疫荧光染色法检测前房注射后不同时间贝伐单抗在眼组织中的分布情况。结果贝伐单抗前房注射后裂隙灯及直接检眼镜检查显示实验眼前后节组织和视网膜未见异常表现,实验组注药前后的眼压、角膜内皮细胞密度与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（P=0．760,P=0．956）。眼组织病理学检查提示,实验组与对照组注药后角膜、晶状体、前房角、虹膜、睫状体、视网膜结构均未见异常改变;透射电子显微镜下实验组和对照组注药后角膜、晶状体、虹膜、睫状体超微结构无明显改变。免疫荧光染色显示,贝伐单抗前房注射后,注射眼和对侧眼的前房角、虹膜、睫状体、脉络膜和视网膜上均有红色荧光,对侧眼较注射眼荧光染色弱,红色荧光主要集中于血管壁和血管腔。贝伐单抗前房注射后第1天到第4天虹膜荧光染色最强,随后逐渐衰减,第30天仍有较弱的染色,注射后第7天睫状体染色较虹膜强,随后逐渐衰减,第30天仍有较弱的染色;注射后眼前房角染色最强的现象见于第4天到第7天,随后逐渐衰减,第30天消失。结论前房注射贝伐单抗1．25mg对正常兔眼组织无明显的毒性作用和不良反应,注射后药物能快速分布于注射眼的前房角、虹膜、睫状体、脉络膜和视网膜,主要堆积在血管样组织中。     

Effects of perfluorophenanthrene on the human corneal endothelium

Purpose: To evaluate long term effects of perfluorophenanthrene (C12F24), a perfluorocarbon fluid, in the anterior chamber of the human eye, where residual perfluorophenanthrene was retained in the eye postoperatively. Methods: Slit-lamp microscopic and specular microscopic examinations of 4 eyes of 4 patients were performed. All the eyes were operated for complicated retinal detachment and they were aphakic at the end of the operations. Mean follow-up period was 10 months (6–16 months). Results: Perfluorophenanthrene was seen in the anterior chamber in the first or second day postoperatively as a single drop. In the third week, postoperatively, the first signs of splitting the perfluorophenanthrene (fish egging phenomena) was observed. There was no sign of corneal or anterior segment toxicity with the slit lamp microscopic examinations and the intraocular pressure was within normal limits during the follow-up period in all eyes. However, some structural changes of the corneal endothelium were shown by specular microscopy. Decreased endothelial cell density, are versed illumination pattern in which the normally dark cellular boundaries appear bright and intracytoplasmic light reflecting bodies were signs of cellular damage at the contact sites whereas no significant changes were seen at non contact sites. Conclusion: Residual perfluorophenanthrene in the anterior chamber does not induce gross corneal damageor ocular inflammation, although structural changes indicating the damage of the corneal endothelium, can be shown by specular microscopy at the contact sites. Corneal endothelial changes seem to arise from acontact-dependent effect of the perfluorophenanthrene. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Experiment Study of Effect of Perfluorohexyloctane on Corneal Endothelial Cells

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8) on corneal endothelial cells(CEC) of rabbit eyes. Methods: Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were derided into two groups: experimental group(F6H8) and control group(BSS) . All rabbits underwent anterior chamber injection of 0. 15ml F6H8 or BSS. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy and corneal endothelium photography were performed pre-operatively and postoperatively. Histopa-thological examination and Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) were done afterthe rabbits were sacrificed. Results : All the corneas were clear. Since 4 weeks after operation , the endothelial cells were markedly irregular in size and shape and the number of endothelial cells was markedly decreased. Multilayered retrocorneal membranes(RCM)grew gradually 2 weeks after surgely. Vacuolar degeneration was seen in some endothelial cells. Nuclear degeneration and edema of plasma were seen in TEM. Conclusion: Corneal endothelial cell degenerated after contacting with F6H8 for 2 -4 weeks. As a silicone solvent, it should be removed completely after injection. We don‘t recommend it to be used as a new intraocular temponade. Eye Science 2001: 17:21 - 26.     

Corneal endothelial cell loss after multiple vitreoretinal procedures and the use of silicone oil

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Corneal decompensation and complications are a frequent cause of visual loss after vitreoretinal surgery. This paper presents data regarding endothelial cell loss in aphakic and pseudophakic silicone oil filled eyes when oil was retained for many months. This study updates our previous investigation on the subject. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The corneal endothelial cell count of 10 eyes of 10 consecutive patients who had undergone vitreoretinal surgery, including fluid-gas exchange and ultimately silicone oil placement, were obtained. The patients underwent an average of 2.7+/-0.9 vitreoretinal procedures before the final procedure which induced the placement of silicone oil in the vitreous cavity. All had inferior iridectomies. The endothelial cell density measurements were obtained an average of 1 year after silicone oil placement. In all eyes, the oil was felt necessary for long term tamponade and therefore was not removed. The cell density of the operated eye was compared to the fellow eye, none of which had undergone silicone oil placement. RESULTS: Both gas and retained silicone oil contribute to the loss of corneal endothelial cell density. The average endothelial cell loss in the 10 eyes with oil retained for an average of 10+/-12 months was 68.8 +/-31.4%, as compared to the fellow eye. The average cell loss was higher in the three eyes with silicone oil in the anterior chamber (range 44 to >95%). Pseudophakic eyes fared better, on average, than aphakic eyes (51.66+/-28% vs. 66.63+/-26.3%) with respect to cell loss. Five aphakic eyes and 1 pseudophakic eye developed corneal edema. CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial cell loss occurs after vitreoretinal surgery and is exacerbated by long term silicone oil retention. The corneal endothelial cell damage is probably cumulative from procedure to procedure. Endothelial cell loss may be pronounced in eyes without a physical barrier between the anterior segment and the vitreous cavity, and in eyes where oil migrates into anterior chamber.     

Corneal toxicity of intraocular hyaluronidase.

The purpose of this study was to examine the corneal toxicity of different preparations of intraocular hyaluronidase. SDS-PAGE analysis of bovine testicular hyaluronidase (Wydase) and chromatographically purified hyaluronidase (Sigma) was performed. These two preparations were injected into the anterior chamber of rabbits in amounts ranging from 1.5-150 IU (Wydase) and 1.5-300 IU (Sigma). A third set of rabbit eyes received Wydase vehicle alone or in combination with Sigma hyaluronidase. Treated control eyes were injected with saline. Slit lamp examination and indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 7. Light microscopy of the corneas was performed. SDS-PAGE of Wydase revealed numerous protein impurities, while Sigma demonstrated one protein band consistent with mammalian hyaluronidase. Persistent corneal edema, severe anterior chamber fibrin, and endothelial necrosis, were seen in the majority of eyes injected with Wydase in amounts of 50 IU and greater (n = 11). Thirty percent (30%) of the eyes injected with the Sigma preparation (n = 11) had localized corneal opacity similar to 50% of eyes injected with saline (n = 2). Of the rabbit eyes injected with the Wydase vehicle (n = 19), 68% had toxic changes. Intracameral injection of Wydase is toxic to the rabbit cornea in amounts of 50 IU and greater. A chromatographically purified preparation showed only transient local toxicity. Toxicity of Wydase may be due to protein impurities and the thimerosal-containing vehicle.     

地塞米松注射液联合葡萄糖高渗液对兔眼角膜内皮的保护作用

目的：探讨地塞米松联合葡萄糖高渗液对兔眼角膜内皮的保护作用。

方法：健康日本大耳白兔20只40眼按随机数字表法分为A、B、C、D四组,各组均予以平衡盐溶液与灭菌注射用水按3：7配成的低渗液维持前房灌注10min建立角膜水肿动物模型,A组造模后立即予以地塞米松注射液0.2mL结膜下注射、高渗葡萄糖液点眼,B组造模后立即予以0.9%生理盐水0.2mL结膜下注射、平衡盐溶液点眼,C组造模后第2d予以地塞米松注射液0.2mL结膜下注射、高渗葡萄糖液点眼,D组造模后第2d予以0.9%生理盐水0.2mL结膜下注射、平衡盐溶液点眼。造模后第1、3、5、7d在裂隙灯下观察兔眼角膜水肿情况,角膜内皮仪测量角膜内皮细胞计数,前节OCT检查角膜,并用A超测量角膜中央厚度。

结果：A组兔眼在整个实验观察期间角膜无水肿或仅轻度水肿,角膜中央厚度几乎未增加,角膜内皮细胞数无明显变化,与造模前相比均无明显差异(P>0.05); B、C、D组兔眼造模后角膜均出现不同程度水肿,角膜厚度增加,与A组比较有明显差异(P<0.05),且B、D组兔眼由于角膜水肿在观察期间无法测出角膜内皮细胞数,C组至造模后第7d可测出角膜内皮细胞数,但较造模前及A组造模后第7d角膜内皮细胞数均明显减少(P<0.05)。

结论：地塞米松注射液联合葡萄糖高渗液对兔眼角膜内皮细胞有良好的保护作用,早期联合应用能有效预防及治疗角膜水肿,避免进展至角膜内皮失代偿。     

硅油填充术后的角膜内皮改变

目的评价硅油对有晶状体及无晶状体眼角膜内皮的影响。方法对45例(45眼)视网膜脱离患者行玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术,其中有晶状体组(22眼)及无晶状体组(23眼),比较其术前,术后1、3、6、9个月的改变。了解前房硅油对角膜内皮的影响。结果两组患者手术前后角膜内皮细胞的密度及角膜厚度的改变均无统计学差异,但两组同期角膜内皮细胞密度比较在术后1个月、6个月呈现显著差异(P=0.002,P=0.034)。硅油接触角膜内皮时,呈现“亮度颠倒”现象。末次随访时(术后9个月)的内皮细胞密度与无前房硅油组相比有极显著差异(P=0.000)。结论无论晶状体是否存在,玻璃体腔内的硅油对角膜内皮无明显的损害。而当硅油进入前房则将对角膜内皮造成严重的损害。     

环孢素A不同给药方式抑制兔眼穿透角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的研究

背景环孢素A（CsA）是治疗角膜移植免疫排斥反应的主要药物,但合适的药物剂型和给药途径对提高药物利用度有重要意义。目的探讨CsA缓释微球结膜下给药、前房给药及CsA滴眼液局部点眼途径抑制兔眼穿透角膜移植术（PKP）后的排斥反应。方法健康清洁级成年新西兰白兔60只60只眼作为受体,健康清洁级青紫蓝兔30只60只眼作为供体。将受体兔按随机数字表法随机分为空白对照组、结膜下给药组、结膜下对照组、前房给药组、前房对照组和CsA滴眼液组,每组10只实验兔。所有实验兔行PKP。术毕结膜下给药组和前房给药组兔眼以相应的给药途径注射12g／LCsA缓释微球悬液0．1ml,结膜下对照组和前房对照组采取相应的给药途径注射空白微球悬液0．1ml,CsA滴眼液组每日应用质量分数1％（10g／L）CsA滴眼液点眼,空白对照组PKP术后不给予CsA药物。术后裂隙灯显微镜下定期观察各组术眼角膜植片的透明度、水肿情况、新生血管生长情况等,并计算术眼的排斥反应指数（RI）。分别于术前,术后3d,术后1、2、3周和术后1、2、3个月用Tono—pen眼压计测量眼压;分别于术后1个月、3个月获取各组植片行常规组织病理学检查。结果术后各组兔眼眼压较术前均明显下降,手术前后兔眼眼压的总体比较差异有统计学意义（F目目：29．210,P=0．000）;同一时间点各组兔眼眼压比较差异无统计学意义（F捆=0．254,P=0．938）。空白对照组、结膜下对照组及前房对照组于术后2～3周出现不同程度的角膜植片混浊和新生血管,术后4周时植片混浊加重,R1分别为8．60±1．52、8．60±0．55和8．80±0．84;结膜下给药组、前房给药组及CsA滴眼液组于术后3周时出现角膜新生血管,但未发现植片混浊,R1分别为4．40＋0．89、3．20±0．84和3．00±0．71,均明显低于空白对照组、结膜下对照组和前房对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。其中前房给药组兔眼术后前房有轻度炎症反应,随时间延长逐渐减轻,至术后3个月时}肖失。组织病理学检查可见,空白对照组、结膜下对照组、前房对照组术眼角膜植片均明显增厚,有大量炎性细胞浸润和新生血管长人;而结膜下给药组、前房给药组和CsA滴眼液组植片的炎性细胞浸润明显减轻,新生血管减少。结论CsA缓释微球经不同途径给药均可抑制兔眼角膜移植术后的排斥反应,其中经前房给药途径的整体疗效较经结膜下给药途径更佳。     

Experiment Study of Effect of Perfiuorohexyloctane on Corneal Endothelial Cells

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8)on corneal endothelial celIs(CEC) of rabbit eyes. Methods: Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were devided into two groups:experimental group(F6H8) and control group(BSS) . All rabbits underwent anterior chamber injection of 0. 15ml F6H8 or BSS. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy and corneal endothelium photography were performed pre-operatively and postoperatively. Histopathological examination and Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) were done after the rabbits were sacrificed. Results: All the corneas were clear. Since 4 weeks after operation, the endothelial cells were markedly irregular in size and shape and the number of endothelial cells was markedly decreased. Multilayered retrocorneal membranes (RCM)grew gradually 2 weeks after surgery. Vacuolar degeneration was seen in some endothelial cells. Nuclear degeneration and edema of plasma were seen in TEM. Conclusion: Corneal endothelial cell degenerated after contacting with F6H8 for 2 ～4weeks. As a silicone solvent, it should be removed completely after injection. We don't recommend it to be used as a new intraocular temponade. Eye Science 2001: 17:21 ～ 26.