后路椎弓根钉系统三维矫形治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

[目的] 回顾分析三维矫形内固定手术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的临床效果,探讨经后路椎弓根钉系统三维矫形的生物力学及避免脊柱失平衡的对策.[方法] 2005年1月～2007年6月在本院行三维矫形内固定手术的AIS患者31例,男18例,女13例;年龄11～18岁,平均15.2岁.其中Lenke I型8例,LenkeⅡ型4例,LenkeⅢ型8例,LenkeⅣ型2例,Lenke V型5例,Lenke VI型4例.术前冠状面Cobb's角平均54°,顶椎偏距平均5.8 cm,躯干偏移距离平均2.6 cm.根据患者畸形类型和柔韧性选择融合范围.术后及随访时在X线片上测量主弯冠状面的Cobb's角、顶椎偏距、躯干偏移距离.[结果] 术后随访1～3年,平均16个月,冠状面Cobb's角平均残留24°,矫正率为61%;终末随访平均丢失4.0°,丢失率为8%;顶椎偏距平均残留2.5 cm,矫正率为56%,终末随访时平均丢失0.5 cm,丢失率为8.5%;终末随访时躯干偏移距离平均1.0 cm.[结论] 后路椎弓根钉系统矫治青少年特发性脊柱侧凸具有优越的力学基础,因此能有效改善AIS畸形,但术中需始终关注躯体和脊柱的力学平衡.     

后路矫形手术对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱高度的影响

要】 目的：评估后路矫形手术对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）患者脊柱高度的矫正程度及其影响因素。方法：2010年1月~2011年6月接受后路矫形内固定术的AIS患者277例,单弯（single curve,SC）173例,双弯（double curve,DC）104例,站立位主弯Cobb角平均53.63°±15.38°（40°~140°）,仰卧位主弯Cobb角43.87°±15.01°（20°~124°）。脊柱高度（spinal height,SH）定义为仰卧位全脊柱正位X线片上T1椎体上终板中点至S1椎体上终板中点之间的垂直距离。测量术前、术后SH,ΔSH为手术矫正SH值。评估不同Cobb角侧凸患者的ΔSH,并采用偏相关分析评估脊柱侧凸术前Cobb角、Cobb角矫正值、Cobb角矫正率、术前SH及术后SH与ΔSH的相关性。结果：SC组仰卧位Cobb角术后矫正至15.69°±9.21°（4°~79°）,DC组仰卧位主弯Cobb角术后矫正至19.50°±13.07°（3°~95°）,矫正率分别为69.7%和65.5%。SC组和DC组术前SH分别为41.29±2.96cm和39.97±3.26cm,术后SH分别为43.77±2.71cm和42.86±3.04cm。SC组术前仰卧位Cobb角分别为≤30°、31°~40°、41°~50°、51°~60°、61°~70°、71°~80°、>80°时,ΔSH分别为1.97±0.79cm、2.14±0.63cm、2.52±0.65cm、2.77±0.51cm、3.92±0.61cm、4.33±0.22cm、4.85±0.22cm;而在DC组中,ΔSH分别为2.37±0.60cm、2.35±0.69cm、2.56±0.53cm、3.27±0.40cm、3.79±0.94cm、3.89±1.11cm、5.46±0.91cm。ΔSH与术前Cobb角[SC：r=0.702,P<0.001;DC（主弯+次发弯）：r=0.718,P<0.001]、Cobb角矫正值[SC：r=0.659,P<0.001;DC（主弯+次发弯）：r=0.698,P<0.001]和术后SH[SC：r=0.182,P=0.017;DC（主弯+次发弯）：r=0.213,P=0.033]呈显著相关性,但与Cobb角矫正率[SC：r=0.083,P>0.05;DC（主弯+次发弯）：r=0.039,P>0.05]和术前SH[SC：r=-0.082,P>0.05;DC（主弯+次发弯）：r=-0.047,P>0.05]无明显相关性。结论：后路矫形手术可显著改善AIS患者的SH,术前Cobb角和Cobb角矫正值是影响SH矫正程度的主要因素,术后SH是次要影响因素,而Cobb角矫正率则影响不大。     

椎弓根螺钉三维矫形治疗青少年脊柱侧凸

目的　探讨椎弓根螺钉三维矫形治疗青少年脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法自 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月 ,选择性地对 16例青少年脊柱侧凸行椎弓根螺钉三维矫形 ,均采用美国 AST公司的 Trifix- system椎弓根螺钉系统 ,作为三维矫形的节段性内植物。结果　本组 Cobb's角由术前平均 5 7°,改善为术后 14°,平均矫正率 75 .4 % ;无脊髓损伤、血气胸、断钉、松棒、感染等并发症的出现 ;随访半年以上 ,全部病例均达到骨性融合 ,平均身高增长 3.7cm;随访中无出现矫正丢失或“曲轴效应”现象。结论　椎弓根螺钉矫形具有更高的三维矫正率 ,是治疗青少年脊柱侧凸的可取性手术方式     

选择性椎弓根置钉矫形治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

[目的]回顾性观察分析后路选择性椎弓根置钉矫形治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的临床疗效。[方法]2005年1月～2009年6月采用后路选择性椎弓根置钉矫形手术治疗AIS,测量术前和术后胸侧凸冠状面Cobb角、矢状面Cobb角,腰侧凸冠状面Cobb角,顶椎椎体旋转和身高变化。分析临床疗效。[结果]手术时间平均186min;术中失血量平均800 ml。术中无脊髓、神经及血管损伤,术后无胸腔积液及切口感染。随访2.1～6.4年,平均3.6年。胸侧凸冠状面Cobb角、胸侧凸矢状面Cobb角和冠状腰弯Cobb角分别由术前57.38°±10.93°、29.3°±7.8°、33.03°±7.75°矫正为12.88°±8.79°、17.9°±10.3°和8.85°±3.65°,手术前后有显著性差异(P<0.01),末次随访分别为:13.89°±9.36°、19.3°±5.4°和9.06°±3.78°,与术后比较无显著性差异(P>0.01)。顶椎椎体旋转由术前2.83°±1.25°矫正为1.37°±1.13°(P<0.01),末次随访(1.32°±1.04°)与术后比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);身高平均增长4.45 c...     

顶椎凹侧置钉类型对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者矫形效果的影响

目的：探讨顶椎凹侧置钉类型对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）患者矫形效果的影响。方法：2002年1月-2007年10月采用全节段椎弓根螺钉固定技术治疗83例单结构弯的AIS患者，年龄13．5，17岁．平均15．5岁。根据顶椎凹侧置钉种类不同分为：顶椎单轴向螺钉固定组（A组，38例）和多轴向螺钉固定组（B组，45例）。两组术前Cobb角、柔韧性、顶椎旋转度无明显统计学差异。比较两组的Cobb角矫正率和顶椎去旋转率（RAsag角矫正率），并根据CT上螺钉长轴与钉帽轴线的夹角大小和方向来判断B组顶椎钉口成角程度和方向。结果：两组Cobb角矫正率无明显统计学差异（69％、68％，P〉0．05），A组顶椎去旋转率高于B组（42％、34％，P〈0．05）。术后CT证实B组的顶椎凹侧有37枚螺钉（82％）出现钉口成角（平均-13．5^o）。结论：单轴向螺钉的顶椎去旋转率明显高于多轴向螺钉。对于单结构弯。在提高置钉准确性、后方结构充分松解的同时，顶椎凹侧应尽量选择单轴向螺钉固定。     

Lenke1BN型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸后路三维矫形有限元模拟研究

[目的]利用建立的Lenke1BN型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)三维有限元模型,模拟后路三维矫形手术,并探讨选择不同下固定椎对矫形效果的影响.[方法]应用建立的Lenke1BN型AIS有限元模型,模拟后路全椎弓根螺钉固定三维矫形手术.具体约束加载如下:约束骶骨整体水平固定,参照文献在T1～L5各椎节分别施加模拟自身重力和肌肉因素的向下载荷,在固定节段凹侧模拟植入"椎弓根螺钉",并放入"预弯"矫形钛棒,在棒末端施加向凹侧的旋转力矩,使棒向凹侧旋转90°,模拟旋棒矫形;旋棒同时在顶椎区(T7～10)固定螺钉施加10 Nm的扭矩,模拟椎体直接去旋转矫形.上固定椎选择T4(上端椎+2),下固定椎分别选择T12(中立椎)、L1(稳定椎)和L2(稳定椎+1),比较三种固定方案的矫形效果.[结果]顺利完成加载模拟矫形,选择T12(中立椎)、L1(稳定椎)和L2(稳定椎+1)作为下固定椎模拟矫形后,上胸弯、主胸弯和腰分别矫正为:7.1°、7.4°、9.2°,6.4°、6.8°、8.3°和6.5°、7.2°、8.6°;矢状面胸椎后凸(T5～12)分别为21.3°、20.7°和20.5°;三种矫形方案,矫形效果无显著差异.[结论]首次通过有限元模拟研究表明:对于中度Lenke1BN型AIS,选择性融合主胸弯可获得满意的腰弯自发矫正;应用全椎弓根螺钉固定结合顶椎区椎体去旋转技术,可将下固定椎从稳定椎上移至中立椎,减少远端融合节段.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的选择性融合

手术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescentidiopathicscoliosis,AIS）的目的是矫正脊柱畸形、稳定侧凸、重建或保持脊柱的平衡。临床上通常根据冠状面的Cobb角、骨骼发育情况、矢状面变化、椎体旋转程度以及侧凸的自然史来判断是否需手术治疗。一般认为,对处于生长期、Cobb角＞５０°、非手术治疗无效、疼痛、胸椎前凸及伴有明显外观畸形的患儿应选择手术治疗。自１９１４年首例采用脊椎融合术治疗侧凸以来,确定AIS手术合适的融合节段一直是众多学者争论的焦点;AIS手术是否成功有赖于对融合节段的正确选择,选择不当易引起脊柱侧…     

特发性脊柱侧凸矫形前后椎管长度的观察

目的:探讨特发性脊柱侧凸矫形前后椎管长度的改变与侧凸类型、矫形手段、严重程度等因素的相关性。研究对象与方法:回顾各型脊柱侧凸(共32例)术前及术后X线片,以T_1～S_1椎体的质心连线代表椎管长度,进行测量与比较。结果:术后椎管获得延长的侧凸及手术类型从多到少排列依次有:KingⅢ型(Cobb角>90°)前路松解联合后路矫形内固定;King Ⅱ型(Cobb角45～90°)后路矫形;KingⅢ型(Cobb角45～90°)后路矫形;KingⅣ型侧凸后路矫形内固定。术后椎管缩短的侧凸及手术类型有:King Ⅰ型侧凸、KingⅤ型侧凸及胸腰椎双侧凸经后路矫形,胸腰段侧凸前路矫形。结论:并非所有类型的侧凸在矫形术中均可出现椎管的延长。而采用何种矫形方式可能是矫形后椎管是否发生延长的关键。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形后远端交界区变化

目的:探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者后路矫形术后远端交界区(LIV+2)在冠状面、矢状面和轴位上的变化。方法:2005年6月～2007年6月手术治疗AIS患者32例,男6例,女26例,年龄10～19岁,平均14.4岁。按PUMC分型,Ⅰc1例,Ⅱa4例,Ⅱb19例,Ⅱb21例,Ⅱc11例,Ⅱc35例,Ⅱd15例,Ⅲa5例,Ⅲb1例。均采用后路全节段椎弓根螺钉系统矫形固定,其中远端融合椎(LIV)与稳定椎(SV)为同一椎体(A组)15例,LIV与SV非同一椎体(B组)17例。术前和末次随访时摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,测量冠状面上躯干偏移(TS),LIV的倾斜度(LIVT),LIV尾侧椎间盘开角(LIVA),冠状面和矢状面上远端交界区的Cobb角和椎体的旋转度(LIV+1VR和LIV+2VR)。结果:随访24～36个月,平均29个月。两组末次随访时的TS与术前比较均无显著性差异(P0.05)。A组LIVT由术前20.2°±5.9°下降到末次随访时的4.7°±3.8°(P0.001),B组由17.2°±5.5°下降到4.4°±2.7°(P0.001);A组术前和末次随访时LIVA分别为7.5°±4.7°和3.9°±3.1°(P=0.056);B组分别为4.5°±3.4°和5.4°±3.2°(P=0.492);Pearson′s相关分析显示两组远端融合椎倾斜度变化和其尾侧椎间盘开角变化之间相关性不显著(A组r=-0.067,P=0.813;B组r=0.362,P=0.154)。A组远端交界区(LIV+2)冠状面上Cobb角由术前20.5°±9.6°矫正至末次随访时9.4°±7.3°(P0.001);B组由13.8°±6.7°矫正至8.1°±4.7°(P=0.013);A、B组末次随访时远端交界区矢状面上Cobb角与术前比较均无显著性差异(分别为P=0.464,P=0.598);Pearson′s相关分析显示A组末次随访时矢状面Cobb角和术前矢状面Cobb角之间相关性不显著(r=0.076,P=0.788),B组的相关性显著(r=0.803,P0.001)。两组末次随访时LIV+1VR和LIV+2VR与术前比较均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:AIS患者应用后路全节段椎弓根螺钉系统矫正后远端交界区在冠状面上矫形明显,矢状面和轴位上矫形不明显,且远端融合椎倾斜度减小。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸前路矫形策略回顾分析

[目的]分析青少年特发性脊柱侧凸前路矫形中末端融合椎(LIV)的选择策略,并探讨末端融合椎与躯干平衡的关系。[方法]对获得完整随访资料的28例青少年特发性胸腰椎/腰椎侧凸患者(Lenke 5型)进行回顾性研究,这些患者均接受前路硬棒系统矫形手术,平均随访1.5年(1~3年),统计分析LIV与融合椎体节段数、椎间盘楔形变、LIV倾斜度、躯干平衡指标等影像学资料之间的关系,分析椎间盘楔形变与躯干平衡之间的关系。[结果]术前末端椎椎间盘角度(2.96°±1.43°),术后(-3.60°±1.75°),术后椎间盘楔形变程度与LIV倾斜度关系最为密切(P<0.01),躯干总体平衡与LIV-CSVL(骶中线)、融合节段数及LIV倾斜显著相关。[结论]LIV的选择与多个影像学指标相关,对于下端椎与上一椎体椎间盘角度较大,该椎体与顶椎之间椎体少,距离CSVL较远,倾斜角度较大的患者,不适于选择短节段融合。若手术未融合平行的椎间盘,则术后椎间盘楔形变发生的几率较高。     

Height of girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

In a Finnish population, the standing height of 1500 consecutive female patients aged 9-24 years (mean 13.9 years) with untreated idiopathic scoliosis of at least 10 degrees in their lateral curves was compared with the standing height of average girls. The mean magnitude of the major curves was 29.4 degrees (range 10 degrees-80 degrees), and that of the minor curves 20.3 degrees (range 0 degrees-66 degrees). A formula for the height loss caused by the lateral curves, and that caused by thoracic kyphosis, was derived. The corrected height of the girls with idiopathic scoliosis was highly significantly (P<0.001) greater than the height of average girls at the age of 11-15, and this high level of significance was present at the age of 11-13, even without correcting for the height loss caused by scoliosis. After maturation, the girls with idiopathic scoliosis were not significantly taller than average girls. On average, the magnitude of thoracic kyphosis did not affect the height of patients with scoliosis as compared with the height of normal girls of the same age.     

Anterior surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Anterior open scoliosis surgery using the dual rod system is a safe and rather effective procedure for the correction of scoliosis (50–60 %). Thoracic hypokyphosis and rib hump correction with open anterior rather than posterior instrumentation appear to be the better approaches, although the latter is somewhat controversial with current posterior vertebral column derotation devices. In patients with Risser grade 0, hyperkyphosis and adding-on may occur with anterior thoracic spine instrumentation. Anterior thoracoscopic instrumentation provides a similar correction (65 %) with good cosmetic outcomes, but it is associated with a rather high risk of instrumentation (pull-out, pseudoarthrosis) and pulmonary complications. Approximately 80 % of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) curves of >70° have restrictive lung disease or smaller than normal lung volumes. AIS patients undergoing anterior thoracotomy or anteroposterior surgery will demonstrate a significant decrease in percentage of predicted lung volumes during follow-up. The thoracoabdominal approach and thoracoscopic approach without thoracoplasty do not produce similar changes in detrimental lung volume. In patients with severe AIS (>90°), posterior-only surgery with TPS provides similar radiographic correction of the deformity (44 %) with better pulmonary function outcomes than anteroposterior surgery. Vascular spinal cord malfunction after segmental vessel ligation during anterior scoliosis surgery has been reported. Based on the current literature, the main indication for open anterior scoliosis instrumentation is Lenke 5C thoracolumbar or lumbar AIS curve with anterior instrumentation typically between T11 and L3.     

选择性置钉钉棒内固定矫治青少年特发性脊柱侧弯

目的 探讨选择性置钉钉棒内固定手术矫正青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的疗效.方法 本组共32例,男13例,女19例,年龄14-23岁.采用选择性经椎弓根置钉、钉棒系统内固定矫治其脊柱侧弯畸形,并术后随访6-24个月.结果 32例脊柱侧弯和后凸畸形基本矫正,胸腰背部疼痛症状消失,躯干外观明显改善,恢复正常学习与工作.结论 选择性置...     

Lenke 3型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形术后身高增长的相关影响因素分析

目的:探讨Lenke 3型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患儿脊柱后路矫形术后身高增长(ΔSH)的相关影响因素。方法:选取2014年1月~2016年6月于我院行脊柱后路矫形手术的女性Lenke 3型AIS患儿90例,年龄15.0±2.6岁。于站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量术前、术后的主弯侧凸Cobb角1(最大侧凸Cobb角)、侧凸Cobb角2(次之侧凸Cobb角)、脊柱高度(spinal height,SH)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)及腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)。应用Pearson相关分析ΔSH与其他参数之间的相关性,应用线性回归探讨ΔSH的相关影响因素。结果:ΔSH为2.9±1.0cm。Pearson相关性分析示ΔSH与术前的侧凸Cobb角1(P=0.000)、侧凸Cobb角2(P=0.000)及TK(P=0.023)均呈显著相关性,与术后的侧凸Cobb角1(P=0.000)、侧凸Cobb角2(P=0.000)、LL(P=0.025)、侧凸Cobb角1变化(P=0.000)、侧凸Cobb角2变化(P=0.000)及TK变化(P=0.032)均呈显著相关性。线性回归分析示ΔSH与侧凸Cobb角1变化(P=0.017)、侧凸Cobb角2变化(P=0.001)均呈显著线性相关(R~2=0.333);另外,ΔSH与术前侧凸Cobb角1(P=0.006)、侧凸Cobb角2(P=0.007)、术前TK(P=0.038)亦呈显著线性相关(R~2=0.595)。结论:Lenke 3型AIS患儿脊柱后路矫形术后身高增长的相关影响因素包括术前、术后的主弯侧凸Cobb角、术前TK及其术后变化值。主弯Cobb角矫正是Lenke 3型AIS术后身高增加的最主要影响因素。Lenke 3型AIS患儿的术前侧凸Cobb角及术前TK可以较好地预测患儿术后身高恢复情况。     

Minimal invasive surgery techniques for patients with adolescent idiopathic and early onset scoliosis

ObjectiveProvide an update on minimal invasive surgery (MIS) techniques for surgical management of pediatric spine.MethodsMinimal Invasive surgery for pediatric spine deformity has evolved significantly over the past decade. We include updated information about the surgical management of patients with adolescent idiopathic and Early Onset Scoliosis through MIS techniques. We take into consideration the implementation of this technique in Low-to-Middle Income Countries (LMICs).ResultsAlthough MIS began as a technique in adult and degenerative spine, recent publications on MIS in pediatric spine cases report benefits of decreased blood loss and infection incidence, and cosmetic advantages from fewer incision numbers. Adoption of MIS techniques in pediatric spine can be facilitated with pre- and intraoperative use of pertinent medical systems.ConclusionWith appropriate considerations and training, MIS is a safe procedure for pediatric spine correction surgery and can be applicable in LMICs.     

色努支具治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效及影响因素分析

目的 ：观察色努支具治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效,探究影响疗效的相关因素。方法 ：2016年1月～2018年6月采用色努支具治疗的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者49例,其中女性46例,男性3例,治疗初始年龄12.6±1.3岁（10～15岁）,初始主弯Cobb角32.5°±6.9°（20°～45°）,初始Risser征2.2±1.6。收集患者的临床资料：年龄、每日佩戴时间等信息;影像学资料：初始、佩戴支具即刻和随访的系列脊柱全长X线片。通过佩戴支具即刻X线片计算初始支具矫正率。评估治疗后结果：Cobb角减少≥6°定义为“改善”,Cobb角变化5°以内定义为“稳定”,Cobb角增大≥6°定义为“进展”,前两者为治疗成功。观察初始支具矫正率在各组结果中的差异;分析畸形进展的患者相关因素：畸形严重程度（20°～29°,30°～39°及40°～45°三组）、Risser征（0～4）和侧凸类型（胸弯、胸腰弯/腰弯、双主弯三种类型）;并分析影响初始支具矫正率的可能因素。结果：49例患者平均治疗2.0±1.0年,所有患儿每天支具佩戴时间在18～20h以上,依从性良好。随访2.0±1.0年（1～5年）,末次...     

Evolution of the curve patterns during brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Summary of background data

The curve pattern of idiopathic scoliosis is important for making decisions concerning bracing. However, whether the curve pattern changes during brace treatment have not been fully documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of curve pattern during brace treatment in skeletally immature patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Methods

From January 2002 to January 2011, AIS patients treated with a Boston or Milwaukee brace were recruited after meeting the following inclusion criteria: older than 10 years of age at initiation of bracing; having a Cobb angle of 25°–40°; with a Risser sign 0–2; being regularly followed until the weaning of brace or the necessity of surgical treatment; and without history of previous treatment. A total of 130 female and 11 male AIS patients were included. The mean age was 12.9 years at initiation of bracing, and the female patients were, on average, 2.7 months past menarche. The mean follow-up period was 2.6 years (range 1.0–5.5 years). The definitions of changes in curve patterns were divided into four categories as follows: (1) shift of the apex of the main curve; (2) change in the curve span of more than two vertebrae; (3) change in the main curve type with regard to the apex location; and (4) change of curve direction. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A was comprised of patients who had experienced one or more categories of curve pattern changes, and Group B was comprised of those who had not.

Results

Of these 39 patients, 14 had apex shifting, 2 underwent curve span changes, 22 experienced changes in the main curve type, and one female had both changes in the apex and curve span. At the initiation of bracing, patients in Group A demonstrated significantly lower menarchal status (P = 0.018) and lower Risser grade (P = 0.025) than those in Group B. The difference in the percentage of patients who underwent Boston bracing between the two groups was statistically significant (41.5 % for Group A vs. 24.0 % for Group B, P = 0.023).

Conclusion

Changes in curve pattern can occur during brace treatment. Patients with less skeletal maturity and those treated with a Boston brace are more susceptible to this phenomenon.     

Generalized epileptic seizure in an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patient with syringomyelia after deformity correction surgery

INTRODUCTIONAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis and epilepsy are pathologies rarely seen together. In this study we report an AIS case we operated in which epilepsy was seen post operatively. We want to emphasize the items one should pay attention in such cases.PRESENTATION OF CASEIn a 14-year-old girl with AIS and concomitant syringomyelia and spondylolisthesis, posterior deformity correction and fusion were performed. After stabilization the patient was discharged on the 10th day of discharge epileptic seizure appeared.DISCUSSIONIn scoliosis surgery, the mechanic stress and bleeding caused by the operation itself can cause neurological problems due to primary nervous system injury. The operation and bleeding during and after the operation, pulmonary and cardiac functional instability, metabolic imbalance can be the causes of epileptic seizures.CONCLUSIONEpilepsy seen after a major surgery like scoliosis surgery, can be either as a result of central nervous system origined vascular and hypoxic problems or metabolic. In our case we concluded that massive hemorrhage must have induced epilepsy. In neurologic consultations the case was considered as an incidental epileptic picture.     

Lenke 5型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者后路矫形术后颈椎矢状位曲度的改变

目的 :分析Lenke 5型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者颈椎矢状位曲度(CSA)在后路矫形术后改变的特点。方法:回顾性分析2011年7月～2017年7月解放军总医院脊柱外科收治的43例Lenke 5型AIS患者的临床资料。在术前、术后及末次随访时的X线片上测量颈椎前凸角(CL)、胸椎后凸角(TK)、胸腰段后凸角(TLK)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、融合节段内腰椎前凸角(LIF)、C7矢状位垂直距离(SVA)。同时统计患者的基本资料,包括性别、年龄、Risser征、随访时间、融合节段椎体数目(NVF)及术前胸腰段/腰弯(TL/L Curve,TL/L C)。依据患者术前CSA分为颈椎前凸组(L组,术前CL0°)、颈椎后凸组(K组,术前CL≥0°);依据患者末次随访时CSA较术前的改变分为颈椎前凸增加组(I组)与颈椎前凸减少组(D组)。使用t检验分析L组与K组、I组与D组对应参数的差异性,使用LSD-t检验分析各组内术前、术后、末次随访时参数的差异。使用Pearson相关性检验分析CL与I组和D组各参数的相关性。检验水准为双侧α=0.05。结果:43例患者中男10例,女33例;年龄15.90±4.98岁,随访时间22.84±14.10个月。L组15例,K组17例;I组26例,D组17例。L组与K组、I组与D组的基本资料无显著性差异。所有患者末次随访时TK较术前增加(P=0.000);术后TLK与术前比较有显著性差异(P=0.000);CL在术前、术后及末次随访时无统计学差异。L组与K组术前CL(P=0.000)、LIF(P=0.029)、SVA(P=0.003)差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。K组末次随访时CL较术前改善(P=0.025),TK较术前增加(P=0.000);术后TLK较术前减小(P=0.002)并维持至末次随访(P=0.002)。I组与D组术前LL(P=0.043)、CL(P=0.009)有显著性差异(P0.05)。I组末次随访时CL较术前改善(P=0.008),TK较术前(P=0.000)及术后(P=0.001)增加;术后TLK较术前减小(P=0.005)并维持到末次随访时(P=0.006)。D组术后LL较术前增加(P=0.011)并维持到末次随访(P=0.001)。I组术前CL与TK、SVA有相关性;D组CL术前与LL、SVA,术后与TLK、SVA,末次随访时与TLK有相关性。结论:术前颈椎后凸的患者较颈椎前凸的患者在术后CSA的改善更为明显;随访中TK增加、术后TLK改善可能有助于CSA的改善;术后只有LL增加而无TK、TLK的改变则可能不会引起CSA改善。     

Posterior scoliosis correction for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using side-opening pedicle screw-rod system utilizing the axial translation technique

Background:

Though adequate literature is present depicting the results of pedicle screw-rod instrumentation using top loading systems for correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), using the rod rotation technique, few published data is available regarding side loading systems used for a similar purpose. We report a retrospective study of a cohort of patients with strict inclusion criteria who underwent surgical correction of AIS with side-opening pedicle screw-rod posterior instrumentation using the axial translation technique of curve correction to assess the efficacy of side opening system for scoliosis correction with regards to patient satisfaction, Cobb''s angle correction and spinal balance.

Materials and Methods:

Clinical and radiological outcomes were measured in 14 consecutive patients (3 males, 11 females) with an average age of 14.0 years (range 9 to 23 years). They were followed up for an average period of 13.0 months (range – 2.2 to 28.5). All patients underwent posterior instrumentation only with pedicle screws used as anchor points. Hybrid constructs using hooks/wires or curves requiring anterior release were excluded from the study. All levels were not instrumented – more screws were put on the concavity and in the peri-apical region. Radiological evaluation was done by whole spine standing AP, lateral radiograms preoperatively and 1, 3, 6 and12 months after surgery. Cobb''s angles were measured and the spinal balance was noted. Clinical evaluation was done by SRS questionnaire. The complications were documented.

Results:

The mean preoperative Cobb''s angle was 58.35° (range – 44 to 72°), which came down postoperatively to 23.45° (range – 10 to 38°) signifying a mean correction of 59.57% (range – 26.92 to 76.17%). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the SRS – 30 questionnaires. The values of mean pre- and postoperative scores are 3.68 and 4.18, showing an improvement of 0.5 points. Other than one patient of superficial wound infection, which healed with antibiotics, there was no major complication. No patient had neurological deterioration.

Conclusion:

Side-opening spinal instrumentation systems, using the axial translation technique, achieved good clinical and radiological outcome for patients of AIS.