医科与非医科大学生对AIDS知晓程度的调查分析

目的 为研究医学院校大学生及非医学院校大学生对艾滋病(AIDS)知识的掌握情况，探讨对这两者进行健康教育的工作重点。方法 采用自行设计的AIDS相关知识的问卷，用整群抽样法抽取浙江大学医学院学生385人、浙江工业大学学生463人进行调查，将两者应答的正确率进行X^2检验。结果 发现二者在AIDS相关知识、传播途径、对待AIDS态度上的某些方面存在显著性差异。结论 应在大学生中有针对性地开展AIDS知识的健康教育。     

上海市徐汇区流动人口AIDS/STD知识态度行为影响因素调查

目的了解上海市流动人口性传播疾病/艾滋病(STD/AIDS)知识、态度及行为的影响因素,为STD/AIDS防治提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,对在上海居住满3个月、户籍不在上海的15~49岁的流动人口进行问卷调查。结果共调查流动人口671人,其中有效问卷617份,有效问卷率92.0%。71.0%的对象知道STD/AIDS是传染性疾病,可以通过性传播,但对于其他传播途径答对率较低。知道STD/AIDS发病症状的对象低于32.8%。多因素Logistic回归模型提示,影响知识得分的主要因素为年龄、文化程度及目前工作。只有44.6%的对象对STD患者表示同情和关心,80.9%的对象认为应该将AIDS患者隔离。只有34.5%的对象使用过安全套,未婚者中23.1%有婚前性行为,已婚者中4%有婚外性行为;流动人口中有2个及以上性伴的比例亦占到4%。结论流动人口中STD/AIDS知识缺乏,应加强宣传教育,并针对不同对象开展有针对性的干预,改变其高危行为,流动人口中年龄偏小、文化程度低的保姆和集贸市场等人员,特别是女性流动人口应作为干预的重点人群。     

某中学学生AIDS知识态度行为调查

目的了解中学生对艾滋病(AIDS)知识的掌握程度，探讨针对中学生的有效的AIDS健康教育方式。方法采用不记名问卷方式，对甘肃省一所石油企业中学的所有在校学生进行调查。结果共发问卷897份，收回有效问卷892份，有效回收率为99．44％。中学生AIDS基本知识回答正确率平均为7．7％～69．5％，高中生回答正确率普遍高于初中生；对AIDS传播途径与非传播途径知识的了解随年级的升高而增高，各年级学生对传播途径认知的平均得分非常显著地高于非传播途径；对AIDS病人或艾滋病病毒感染者的态度得分总体偏低，表明学生们对AIDS存在歧视或恐惧认识。有一部分学生存在不良生活习惯，17．5％的被调查学生有吸烟史，0．9％的学生回答吸过毒，2.8％的学生回答有性生活史，且分别有48．7％、65．6％的学生对婚外、婚前性行为持赞成和可以理解的态度。90％以上被调查学生认为有必要进行AIDS健康教育及自己有必要了解AIDS相关知识；学生主要是通过电视广播、报刊杂志及宣传资料获取AIDS相关知识的。结论应加强对中学生的AIDS健康教育。     

云南省曲靖市MSM人群艾滋病知识知晓状况调查分析

目的了解曲靖市男男性行为人群(MSM)艾滋病知识知晓状况,以确定健康教育工作的重点。方法采用"滚雪球"的方式接触目标人群,进行一对一问卷调查。结果共收集合格问卷311份,艾滋病知识总体知晓率为83.0%,UNGASS指标问题全部答对者占64.0%;对艾滋病传播和预防知识认识错误者,不同人群间存在差异。结论 MSM人群对艾滋病知识的掌握存在许多不足的方面,应针对他们的特点和存在的问题,实施相应的健康教育措施。     

四川省专科和本科护生对艾滋病认知与态度及护理意愿调查

目的了解四川省护理专科和本科护生的艾滋病相关知识、态度及护理意愿情况,为在校护生进行有针对性的健康教育、提高职业防护意识等方面提供依据。方法采用随机抽样方法,对四川省设置护理专业的医学院校的在校护生进行问卷调查。结果共发放问卷500份,回收496份(99.2%),剔除不合格问卷后,合格问卷479份(95.8%)。479名护生中,专科护生255人,本科224人。对艾滋病相关知识问题的正确率本科护生(84.4%)高于专科护生(67.8%);121名(54.0%)本科护生对艾滋病病人持支持和同情等积极的态度,而专科护生持积极态度的为89人(34.9%)。对AIDS病人的护理意愿专科生为38.4%(98人),本科生为17.4%(39人),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=25.803,P0.01)。结论在校护生对艾滋病知识掌握不够全面,对艾滋病人护理意愿较低。今后应加强培训,使护生正确、客观地认识艾滋病,改善护生对艾滋病人的态度及护理意愿。     

北京市护理人员关于HIV/AIDS的认识和接受程度调查分析

目的 为了解北京市护理人员对HIV/AIDS的认识和接受态度,以便对护理人员有针对性地实施继续教育.方法于2000年1月上旬分层随机抽取北京市6所医院内当日上岗的护士中发放调查问卷1300份,进行流行病学现况研究.结果 有84.2%以上的护士对HIV/AIDS的基本知识掌握较好.对HIV/AIDS接受态度调查结果表明,只有31.8%的护士能对病人做全护理,知识掌握与接受态度不呈正比(P<0.05),特别是对自己患病态度,有50.8%的人答能正常生活,11%的人采取自杀行为,值得关注,说明护士对HIV/AIDS的恐惧心理严重.结论 尽管绝大多数护士对HIV/AIDS知识掌握得较好,但调查显示还有死角,还需加强对护理人员关于HIV/AIDS知识的继续教育;同时本文分析了护士恐惧心理的原因,并提出相应对策及建议,为研究护理人员的心理状况、职业保护措施和心理支持提供了客观依据.     

河南省城市老年人健康管理现状及需求

目的了解河南省老年人对健康管理的认知水平、健康管理服务项目和服务形式的需求情况。方法采用自编问卷对河南省60岁及以上的1 200名老年人进行面对面调查。结果共回收有效问卷1 200份,从单因素分析结果可见,不同文化程度、职业、月收入水平和是否患有慢病等老年人对健康管理的认知水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年人对健康管理的认知不够深入,但对健康管理需求度较高,需进一步挖掘服务项目,多途径加强健康管理知识的宣传和教育。     

沈阳市老年居民对社区中医药健康养老服务使用现状调查研究

目的 了解沈阳市老年居民对社区中医药健康养老服务使用情况及诉求。方法 在沈阳市随机向60岁及其以上的老年居民发放201份调查问卷。结果 共回收到201份有效问卷,问卷中的年龄、文化程度、职业、医保、宣传教育情况、有无慢病、家属从事行业等项目均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有78.1%的老年居民充分了解后愿意使用社区中医药健康养老服务。老年居民社区中医药健康养老服务需求依次为中药饮片、中药拔罐、中医膳食指导等。结论 沈阳市老年居民的中医药健康养老服务使用程度有待提高,大多数老年居民了解后有意愿参加,需求倾向性明显,未来可通过加大中医药健康养老服务宣传教育,完善相关配套政策与基础设施建设,有针对性地提高老年居民对中医药健康养老服务的使用程度。     

遵义县公共场所从业人员艾滋病知识 态度 行为调查分析北大核心

目的了解遵义县公共场所从业人员的艾滋病(AIDS)相关知识、态度和行为及其影响因素,为开展有针对性的防治策略提供科学依据。方法对638名公共场所从业人员进行现场问卷调查,对认知和行为等因素进行分析。结果 638名调查对象对15个艾滋病知识有一定的了解,总体知晓率为72.25%(6914/9569),但知识掌握不够全面;安全套使用率不高,仅有5.02%的人(32名)在每次性行为时使用安全套;78.21%的人(499名)认为自己不可能感染艾滋病病毒(HIV),42.79%的人(273名)对婚外性行为持宽容态度;已婚者、文化程度越高者更倾向于自愿咨询检测。结论遵义县公共场所从业人员存在较高的感染HIV的风险,应进一步加大健康教育力度,开展有针对性的行为干预措施,降低HIV的传播。     

嘉峪关市娱乐场所性服务人员AIDS健康教育和行为干预效果研究

目的 探索有效遏制艾滋病病毒（HIV）通过性服务人群向一般人群传播的方法，为预防控制艾滋病（AIDS）提供科学依据。方法 对嘉峪关市娱乐场所性服务人员进行AIDS健康教育和行为干预，采用随机抽样、调查问卷方法收集相关信息，进行干预前后效果比较。结果 AIDS预防基本知识知晓率干预后（96．96%）明显高于干预前（26．91%，但“非传播途径”干预后的全部答对比例仍然很低（60．61%）；干预后最近一次商业性行为安全套使用率（82．6896）较干预前（30．0996）有明显提高。结论 对娱乐场所性服务人员开展面对面的健康教育和干预，能有效提高她们艾滋病防治知识知晓率和安全套使用率，但如何建立长期可持续发展的干预机制有待进一步探索。     

北京市石景山区某市场流动人员AIDS知识现状调查

目的 了解北京市石景山区某市场流动人员的来源、构成、文化水平、艾滋病病毒伎滋病（HIV／AIDS）相关知识、对HIV／AIDS患者的态度及其知识来源。方法 对北京市石景山区某市场内外来经商人员进行问卷调查，内容包括流动人员人口学现状、HIV／AIDS相关知识知晓情况、对待艾滋病感染者的态度和主要知识来源等。结果 受访者对HIV／AIDS的性、血液和母婴三种传播途径的知晓率分别达到68．9％、77．1％和72．2％，对AIDS普遍存在恐惧。受访者获得AIDS知识主要是通过电视，只有〈20％的人接受过各种形式的HIV／AIDS相关健康教育。结论 北京市石景山区某市场流动人员大多数为处于性活跃期的年轻人群，收入和文化水平低，对HIV／AIDS相关知识还存在模糊，应当加强AIDS健康教育和大众媒体宣传。     

湖南省部分医学院校毕业生结核病知识、实践能力及相关因素调查

目的评价医学院校毕业生对结核病知识的掌握情况及其实践能力。方法运用自制调查问卷，在湖南省3所医学院校采取随机整群抽样方法抽查临床、预防专业应届毕业生，进行结核病知识、实践能力及相关因素的调查。结果450名调查对象中，439人(97．6％)对所有调查内容作了有效回答。其中男性257人(58．5％)，女性182人(41．5％)；平均年龄23岁(20～26岁)。在结核病知识方面，大多数学生对结核病的临床症状较为熟悉，但仅25．5％的受试知道卡介苗接种的作用；只有6．2％的学生知道我国传染性肺结核的现患率；33．5％了解结核病需归口管理，58．8％知道直接面视下短程治疗(DOTS)的定义。经分析，12个结核病知识条目中有6条在不同学校或专业或性别中差异有显性。在临床实践方面，334名曾管治过结核患的受试写出了80余种化疗方案，其中正确仅占16．8％；33．4％在治疗结核患时作了痰检复查；4．5％执行了结核病归口管理。结论应届医学院校毕业生对结核病知识掌握不够，临床实际能力欠缺。需加强结核病流行病学、预防和国家结核病控制规划等知识的培训。医学教育应将结核病规划纳入教育课程。     

Study of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among junior high-school students in Shanghai, China

The aim of this study was to assess the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among junior high-school students in Shanghai, China, and the factors influencing this knowledge. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 middle schools of two districts by a cluster-stratified selection procedure in Shanghai, China. The 2432 sampled students, aged from 11.1 to 16.7 years, completed a self-administered questionnaire of HIV/AIDS prevention. The results showed that the overall correct rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge was 62%. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, we found that the main factors influencing HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among junior high school students were the type of school (odds ratio [OR] = 1.641), age (OR = 1.727), whether the student was a single child in the family (OR = 1.389), whether the student had previous HIV/AIDS-related education experience (OR = 2.003) and whether the student had ever discussed HIV/AIDS with their parents (OR = 1.282). The results indicate that HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among Shanghai junior high school students is not high enough, and more attention needs to be paid to enhance HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, especially among younger students from common type schools without HIV/AIDS-related education experience. We encourage Chinese parents to get involved in their children's HIV/AIDS prevention education.     

Children's conceptions of AIDS,HIV and condoms: A study from Botswana

This study aimed at exploring how young children in Botswana conceptualise AIDS, HIV and condoms. Data were collected from a sample of 75 children aged four to seven years who were asked to draw a picture about AIDS and tell a story about the drawing; this was followed by three questions in which participants were asked to explain what AIDS, HIV and a condom is. Narratives and responses were categorised and coded to enable statistical analysis. Most children had conceptions of AIDS (80.0%) and condoms (78.7%), but only 45.3% of HIV; the rationality attached to them varied widely at all ages. The results suggest that four- to seven-year-old children construct their own individual and unique meaning about AIDS, HIV and condoms and they also illustrate how children utilise their own experiences to arrive at their conclusions. Even when children narrated some correct HIV and AIDS information, their understanding of it contradicted its correct meaning. Children's interpretations of AIDS-related knowledge carried a potential for emotional distress. Many children had a negative conception of condoms associated with fear and the belief that a condom would cause illness and AIDS. The findings are of significance for parent education, HIV prevention education and for health care professionals providing antiretroviral treatment to children.     

太原市不同人群艾滋病防治知识知晓率调查

目的了解太原市不同人群艾滋病防治知识知晓率状况,为调整和制定下一步健康教育工作提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,对太原市一般人群和高危人群进行匿名问卷调查,同时运用SPSS 13．0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果共调查3539人,回收有效问卷3400份,调查城市居民547人,农村居民574人,校内青少年704人,校外青少年152人,流动人口904人,暗娼182人,同性恋106人,吸毒者231人。艾滋病防治知识总知晓率：一般人群中,城市居民、农村居民、校内青少年、校外青少年、流动人口分别为77．3％、58．6％、92．5％、9．2％、48．5％;高危人群中,暗娼、同性恋、吸毒者分别为61．9％、90．4％、77．2％;各类人群知晓率的差异有显著的统计学意义。艾滋病防治知识主要来源于电视、广播、报刊、宣传栏、广告栏。结论太原市各类人群艾滋病防治知识知晓率普遍较低,应继续加强健康教育和行为干预。     

流动人口在流入地接受艾滋病健康教育的影响因素：以流出地为基础的调查

目的了解影响流动人口接受艾滋病健康教育的相关因素。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,在流出地选择返乡流动人员454人,利用自制问卷进行面对面调查,了解其接受艾滋病健康教育及相关情况。结果调查对象在流入地有更多的机会接受艾滋病健康教育,打工时间越长接受教育越多。按是否接受过艾滋病健康教育,将454人分为干预组（261人）和未干预组（193人）。与干预组相比,未干预组年龄较大[（40．52±8．56）岁],女性所占比例较高（49．74％）,文化程度较低（文盲或识字很少达16．58％）,社区登记率较低（58．03％）。未接受干预的原因主要是对艾滋病问题没有兴趣（61．14％）,认为其与自己无关（73．58％）。结论未干预组流动人员是更为弱势的群体,更易受艾滋病病毒感染。针对流动人口的艾滋病健康教育模式将部分更易感人群排除在外,改进干预策略十分必要。     

HIV-Positive Persons’ Awareness and Understanding of Their State’s Criminal HIV Disclosure Law

Commentary on the potential impact of HIV-specific disclosure laws on persons living with HIV has been critical, plentiful, and enduring. Yet empirical information with which to answer even the most basic questions about these laws, such as whether HIV-positive persons living in a state with a disclosure law are aware of the law, is absent. This study reports on data gathered from a statewide sample of 384 HIV-positive persons living in a state with an HIV disclosure law. Participant awareness and understanding of the law were assessed. Data on the sources from which participants received information on the law and the perceived helpfulness of these sources were also collected. Analyses were conducted to identify associations between participant awareness or understanding of the law and demographic characteristics of participants or information sources encountered. The majority of participants were aware that their state had enacted an HIV-specific disclosure law. Understanding of the law was good, although there was substantial confusion over several provisions. The most prevalent and most helpful sources of information on the law were AIDS-related resources as opposed to mass media. Forty-two percent of the participants learned about the law when first diagnosed with HIV. Sixty-two percent of the participants reported that their case manager had told them about the law.     

Awareness and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among residents of Kandy,Sri Lanka

Currently, interventions for HIV/AIDS control in Sri Lanka are only carried out among the most-at-risk populations. This study was conducted to identify the level of awareness and stigma-related attitudes among the general population of Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 869 residents of 18–64 years of age in Kandy, Sri Lanka. A self-administered questionnaire was utilised to obtain information about stigma, discrimination and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge. Chi-square test and multivariate analysis were applied to find possible associations between HIV-related variables and socio-demographic indicators. Response rate was 82.0%. Overall, 93.5% of the participants have heard of HIV/AIDS but the knowledge on HIV/AIDS was low with an average score of 51.7%, no statistically significant difference between genders (p = 0.352). Only 58.1% were aware that a condom was an effective tool for its prevention. There were many misconceptions related to epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. The participants showed more positive attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) for all questionnaire items except for those listed under shame and blame. Positive attitudes towards PLHIV were observed to be greater among those with a better HIV/AIDS-related knowledge score. There was no significant association between the attitudes towards PLHIV and socio-demographic characteristics such as ethnicity and religion. There is a greater need of making attempts towards educating the public regarding HIV/AIDS to eliminate misconceptions prevalent in the society. Stigma-related attitudes are mainly due to shame and blame associated with the disease. As the attitudes towards PLHIV were more positive among those with a better HIV/AIDS-related knowledge score, targeted HIV/AIDS-related health education interventions maybe recommended in this regard.     

Community Knowledge,Attitudes and Practices on Schistosomiasis in Western Kenya-The SCORE Project

In an effort to improve intervention strategies, community knowledge, attitudes, and practices on schistosomiasis were evaluated using focus group discussions involving 237 participants, in eight Schistosoma mansoni high prevalence districts in rural Nyanza Province, Kenya. The majority of participants reported having heard about schistosomiasis through schools, posters, radio announcements, and community gatherings. Participants had a variety of beliefs about contracting schistosomiasis, including associating it with dirty drinking water and uncooked or contaminated food. Avenues for seeking treatment included health centers, spiritual intervention, herbal treatments, and medicine shops, with health centers receiving the most mention. Barriers to schistosomiasis control included attitudes of community members toward the infection, especially misconceptions that lead to stigma and the perception that diagnosis and treatment are expensive. Schools were the most common avenue for receiving information, suggesting that the existing education infrastructure can be used for health education and improved sensitization about schistosomiasis control programs.