凌海市小学生超重与肥胖状况调查

目的：了解凌海市小学生超重与肥胖状况及影响,为该市小学生原发性肥胖的防治工作提供理论依据。方法：采用整群抽样法随机抽取凌海市2006和2007年6所小学全部4-6年级学生健康体检资料,综合分析,计算体重指数（BMI）和肺活量指数,应用BMI法筛查超重和肥胖小学生。结果：2006年超重检出率为9.1%,男女检出率分别为11.3%、6.8%;肥胖检出率为8.7%,男女检出率分别为12.3%、4.8%。2007年超重检出率为8.7%,男女检出率分别为11.1%、6.0%;肥胖检出率为9.6%,男女检出率分别为12.8%、6.0%。男生超重和肥胖检出率高于女生。城市超重和肥胖检出率高于农村。超重、肥胖小学生的肺活量高于正常体重小学生,而肺活量指数明显低于正常体重小学生。结论：凌海市男生超重和肥胖检出率的增长趋势较为突出;早期预防和控制小学生肥胖有助于心肺功能的发育。     

阳春市中学生单纯性肥胖症流行病学调查

目的 研究阳春市中学生超重、肥胖的流行现状及其影响因素.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对该市中学生进行现场调查.结果 阳春市中学生超重发生率为6.98%,肥胖率为2.81%;男生超重、肥胖检出率显著高于女生.父母肥胖、进食快、喜吃蔬菜是肥胖的影响因素.结论 中学生肥胖的发生主要与不良饮食习惯、生活方式密切相关,还与父母因素有关.     

Overweight and obesity status among adolescents from Mexico and Egypt

BACKGROUND: Obesity is on the rise among adults, adolescents and children worldwide, including populations living in developing countries. This study aimed to describe body mass index of adolescents from Mexico and Egypt and to evaluate non-nutritional correlates from two cohort studies. METHODS: Questionnaire data and weight and height measurements were collected in two large baseline studies in adolescents between 11 and 19 years old attending public school during the 1998-1999 school year in Mexico (n = 10,537) and the 1997 school year in Egypt (n = 1,502). The authors compared body mass index and correlates stratified by sex and country through multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 19.8 and 7.9%, respectively, among the Mexican adolescents and 12.1 and 6.2%, respectively, among the Egyptian adolescents. Based on U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition growth charts, for Mexico 18% of boys and 21% of girls were overweight and 11% of boys and 9% of girls were obese. In the Egyptian sample, 7% of boys and 18% of girls were overweight and 6% of boys and 8% of girls were obese. The most consistent correlates of body mass index in the Mexican population were age, years of education, smoking, vitamin intake and participating in sports, whereas the factors correlated among Egyptian adolescents were age and rural residence. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and overweight are becoming a problem among Mexican and Egyptian youth. Information about the risk factors associated with excessive weight gain during the adolescent period is a first step towards proposing prevention strategies.     

The Association of Overweight and Obesity with Blood Pressure among Chinese Children and Adolescents

ObjectiveTo examine the association between obesity and high blood pressure (BP) in Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsBody mass index (BMI) and blood pressure measurements of 197 191 children aged 7–17 years were obtained from a Chinese national survey in 2010. Obesity and high BP were defined according to the reference values for Chinese children. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of different BMI categories for high BP, as well as the population attributable risk percent (PAR%), were also calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of high BP was 16.1% for boys and 12.9% for girls in 2010. Overweight and obese children had a significantly higher prevalence of high BP than non-overweight children in both boys and girls in each age group. ORs (95% CI) for high BP were 4.1 (3.9, 4.4) in obese boys and 4.0 (3.7, 4.3) in obese girls. The overall PAR% for high BP due to overweight and obesity was 14.4%.ConclusionOverweight and obese children have a significantly higher risk of high BP than non-overweight children. Eliminating overweight and obesity could reduce 14.4% of high BP cases.     

重庆市城区3～18岁儿童青少年肥胖症及相关疾病的流行病学调查

目的为掌握重庆市儿童青少年超重肥胖的发病情况,并对心血管疾病相关的高危指标进行观察。方法对重庆市城区23293名3~18岁儿童青少年进行了流行病学调查。测量指标包括身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压。结果(1)总体检出超重12.44%,肥胖为3.72%,其中男孩分别为14.38%、4.99%,女孩为10.37%、2.35%。(2)肥胖组及超重组男女儿童的收缩压及舒张压高于90百分位及95百分位者均多于正常体重组,χ2值分别为404.535、618.486,115.912、131.641,P值均<0.005。(3)腰-臀围比值肥胖男孩中有10.89%腰-臀围比值>1.0,肥胖女孩中有75.00%腰-臀围比值>0.85。结论重庆市城区儿童青少年超重检出率为12.44%,肥胖检出率为3.72%。肥胖儿童中的血压升高者明显的多于同年龄同性别正常体重儿童。女孩中心性肥胖高于男孩。     

上海市闵行区6~11岁在校学生血红蛋白连续监测结果分析

 目的  了解上海市闵行区6～11岁在校学生贫血流行特征,为制定新形势下中小学生贫血预防措施和策略提供依据。方法   2012—2015学年连续4年对本区所有6～11岁在校学生42 872名进行血红蛋白测定。应用SPSS 18.0统计软件完成所有资料分析。结果   6～11岁在校学生贫血患病率为5.05% (95 % CI:4.84～5.26),女生贫血患病率为5.28%,显著高于男生4.84% (χ2=4.24,P=0.037)。男、女生贫血易患年龄为6岁。持续就读于希望学校学生较公办学校学生更易患贫( 男生:OR=2.37,95%CI:2.03～2.76;女生:OR=2.08,95%CI:1.74～2.49)。持续超重或肥胖的学生贫血患病风险较营养正常学生低(男生:OR=0.65,95%CI:0.55～0.76;女生:OR=0.75,95%CI:0.61～0.92)。贫血3年累积发病率为12.80% (95%CI:12.49～13.12%),其中女生为14.52%,显著高于男生的11.28% (χ2=100.26,P<0.001)。6岁组男生3年累积发病风险最高,10~11岁组女生贫血3年累积发病率最高。持续就读于希望学校的学生贫血发病风险最高(男生:RR=1.93,95%CI:1.72～2.16;女生:RR=1.20,95%CI:1.04～1.39),持续超重或肥胖是贫血发病的保护因素(男生:RR=0.75,95%CI:0.67～0.84;女生:RR=0.77,95%CI:0.68～0.88)。贫血单次检出率为14.58%,复发性贫血检出率为2.54%。不同年龄、不同性质学校、不同营养状况的男、女生贫血检出次数均以1次为主(P<0.05)。结论   上海市闵行区6～11岁在校学生贫血处于轻度流行状态。有必要继续开展全年龄段学龄儿童贫血的普查普治工作,并根据监测结果辅以个性化干预措施,加强学龄儿童家长和青春期女生健康宣教,重点关注希望学校和复发性或持续性贫血的学生。     

中国9～11岁小学生体育锻炼、静态行为和超重与肥胖的关系

目的：研究全国9~11岁小学生体育锻炼、静态行为和超重与肥胖的关系,并探索是否存在性别差异以及各省的异质性,为预防和控制超重与肥胖提供科学依据。方法： 选取2010年全国学生体质健康调研资料中40 692名9~11岁汉族小学生,利用学生的身高、体重数据以及体育锻炼、视屏行为以及做家庭作业的时间数据,在不同性别的学生中分析体育锻炼、静态行为与超重与肥胖的关系,并采用Meta分析检验这些相关性在各省之间的异质性。结果： 男生的超重与肥胖检出率高于女生（分别为27.1%和12.9%）,城市学生的超重与肥胖检出率高于农村学生（分别为23.8%和15.6%）,学生超重与肥胖检出率在“好”、“中”、“差”3类经济片区中分别为22.6%,19.2%和17.5%。男生每天体育锻炼时间≤1 h的学生的超重与肥胖率高于每天体育锻炼时间>1 h的学生,OR值为1.09（95%CI：1.02, 1.17）。女生每天视屏行为时间＞1 h、每天做家庭作业的时间＞2 h是超重与肥胖的危险因素,OR值分别为1.13（95%CI：1.02, 1.26）、1.18（95%CI：1.03, 1.35）,女生每天静态行为时间＞135 min的学生超重与肥胖率较高,OR值为1.19（95%CI：1.08, 1.33）。男生每天体育锻炼时间≤1 h、女生每天静态行为时间＞135 min对超重与肥胖的OR值在各省之间的异质性差异均没有统计学意义（P> 0.05）。结论：小学生体育锻炼、静态行为时间和超重与肥胖有关,其关联存在性别差异,没有发现各省之间的异质性,未来应该针对不同性别的特点开展肥胖防控工作。     

The Influence of Secular Trends in Body Height and Weight on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Chinese Children and Adolescents

Objective To explore the influence of secular trends in body height and weight on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods The data were obtained from five cross-sectional Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI-for-age Z-score of per the Wold Health Organization (WHO) reference values. Body height and weight for each sex and age were standardized to those reported in 1985 (standardized height: SHY; standardized weight: SWY) and for each sex and year at age 7 (standardized height: SHA; standardized weight: SWA) using the Z-score method. Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity in Chinese children was 20.2% among boys and 10.7%among girls in 2010 and increased continuously from 1985 to 2010. Among boys and girls of normal weight, SHY and SHA were significantly greater than SWY and SWA, respectively (P < 0.001). Among boys and girls with overweight/obesity, SHY was significantly lower than SWY (P < 0.001), and showed an obvious decreasing trend after age 12. SHA was lower than SWA among overweight boys aged 7-8 years and girls aged 7-9 years. SHY/SHW and SHA/SWA among normal-weight groups were greater than among overweight and obese groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion The continuous increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Chinese children may be related to a rapid increase in body weight before age 9 and lack of secular increase in body height after age 12.     

上海市闵行区学生体质指数分布情况及肥胖流行现状研究

背景　随着我国经济的快速发展,上海市面临着严峻的学生肥胖流行现状。因此,了解上海市学生体质指数（BMI）分布情况及肥胖流行现状,对我国进行儿童肥胖标准的修订和精准干预十分重要。目的　分析上海市闵行区学生BMI分布特征和肥胖流行现状,为我国制定相关卫生政策提供科学证据。方法　从上海市闵行区2016年度学生健康体格检查（以下简称体检）资料中,选取基本人口学信息、身高和体质量资料完整,月龄≥84个月（7岁）且<216个月（18岁）的中小学生作为研究对象,共95 360名（其中男生49 926名、女生45 434名）。采用广义可加模型拟合上海市闵行区中小学生BMI百分位数曲线;并以2010年全国第六次人口普查中7~18岁人口作为标准人口,计算其标准化超重率、肥胖率、超重肥胖合计率。将上海市闵行区中小学生BMI百分位数曲线及计算出的标准化超重率、肥胖率、超重肥胖合计率分别与“2005年九城数据”BMI百分位数曲线（源自教育部组织实施的“2005年中国学生体质与健康调查研究”中来自北京、哈尔滨、西安、上海、南京、武汉、广州、福州、昆明9个城市数据拟合的BMI百分位数曲线）、“2014年中国汉族城市男、女生数据”（源自教育部组织实施的“2014年中国学生体质与健康调研报告”中7~18岁汉族城市样本数据）进行比较。结果　上海市闵行区男、女生BMI百分位数曲线均呈现随年龄增长不断上升的趋势,相同百分位数男生曲线BMI均比女生曲线BMI高,且男女生之间没有交叉。与“2005年九城数据”拟合的BMI百分位数曲线相比,不同性别的上海市闵行区中小学生BMI随年龄上升趋势相同,但在相同年龄时上海市闵行区中小学生BMI均高于“2005年九城数据”。上海市闵行区男生标准化超重率、肥胖率、超重肥胖合计率分别为15.9%、20.6%、36.5%,女生为7.8%、12.8%、20.6%,均高于2014年全国汉族城市男、女生数据标准化水平。小学阶段（7~11岁）：公办学校和Ⅰ类民办学校男生标准化超重肥胖合计率高于Ⅱ类民办学校（χ2值分别为124.36、39.88,P值均<0.001）,公办学校女生超重肥胖合计率高于Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类民办学校（χ2值分别为12.87、43.78,P值均<0.05）。中学阶段（12~18岁）：Ⅰ类民办学校男生标准化超重肥胖合计率高于公办学校（χ2=15.08,P<0.05）,公办学校和Ⅰ类民办学校女生超重肥胖合计率比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.91,P=0.17）。结论　上海市闵行区中小学群体中,男、女生BMI百分位数曲线均呈现随年龄增长不断上升的趋势,相同百分位数男生曲线BMI均较女生曲线BMI高;男生超重率和肥胖率较明显,建议卫生部门和教育部门联合采取社区-学校-家庭联动干预措施,为降低成年期慢性病患病率打好前期基础。     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents: reassessment of 1985 and 1995 data against new standard international definitions.

OBJECTIVE: To review the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents in two national samples, 10 years apart, using the new standard international definitions of the International Obesity Task Force Childhood Obesity Working Group. DESIGN: Body mass index (BMI) cut-off points defining overweight and obesity were applied to the individual BMI values in the two cross-sectional samples. SETTING: Australian community. PARTICIPANTS: 8,492 schoolchildren aged 7-15 years (Australian Health and Fitness Survey, 1985) and 2,962 children aged 2-18 years (National Nutrition Survey, 1995). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of overweight and obesity. RESULTS: In the 1985 sample, 9.3% of boys and 10.6% of girls were overweight and a further 1.7% [corrected] of boys and 1.6% [corrected] of girls were obese. In the 1995 sample, overall 15.0% of boys (varied with age from 10.4% to 20.0%) and 15.8% of girls (varied with age from 14.5% to 17.2%) were overweight, and a further 4.5% of boys (2.4%-6.8%) and 5.3% of girls (4.2%-6.3%) were obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the 1995 sample peaked at 12-15 years in boys and 7-11 years in girls. In schoolchildren aged 7-15 years, the rates represent a relative risk of overweight in 1995 compared with 1985 of 1.79 (95% CI, 1.59-2.00) and of obesity of 3.28 (95% CI, 2.51-4.29). Compared with previous estimates from these samples, the revised prevalence data are slightly higher for the 1985 data and considerably higher for the 1995 data. CONCLUSION: The secular trend of increasing overweight and obesity in the decade from 1985 and the high prevalence rates in Australian children and adolescents are a major public health concern.     

苏州市青少年肥胖状况调查

目的了解苏州市中学生和大学生2004年超重合肥胖趋势,为改善学生营养状况提供依据。方法利用2004年全国“青少年健康相关行为调查小组办公室”统一判定的监测方案和调查问卷,根据体重指数(BodyMassIndex,BMI)筛查标准计算不同性别、不同学段、不同成绩段学生的城市男女学生超重和肥胖检出率。结果城市男女学生超重和肥胖呈上升趋势,不同性别学生超重和肥胖男生较女生多见。不同学段学生超重和肥胖比例初中生高于高中生,而高中生比例高于大学生。不同成绩学生中成绩较好的学生超重多见,肥胖多见。结论苏州市中学生、大学生超重和肥胖将直接影响到成年期健康,应从小学生低年级开始,将超重和肥胖的方法作为苏州市学校卫生工作的工作重点。     

2004年西安市11～17岁青少年超重和肥胖现状及其相关因素

目的 了解西安市11～17岁青少年超重和肥胖的现状及其相关因素.方法 通过多阶段整群抽样方法抽取西安市6城区30所中学1 804名学生（11～17岁）,测量其身高、体重并计算体质指数（BMI）,采用2000美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）低体重标准及中国肥胖工作组（WGOC）推荐的超重和肥胖判定标准计算低体重率、超重和肥胖率.出生体重、家庭住址、经济状况、家长学历、职业和身高、体重等信息通过家长填写问卷采集.结果 西安市青少年总超重肥胖率为17.4%（超重率11.2%、肥胖率6.2%）,其中男性总超重肥胖率为20.2%,女性为14.4%.低体重率为2.7%.多元logistic回归显示：性别、年龄、家庭居住地、家庭经济状况及父母体重与青少年超重和肥胖显著相关（P＜0.05）.经性别、年龄调整后,城区青少年超重和肥胖的风险是郊区的2.7倍（95%可信区间1.8～4.0）;家庭富裕青少年的超重和肥胖风险是不富裕家庭的1.6倍（95%可信区间1.04～2.5）;父母超重或肥胖的青少年超重肥胖发病风险是父母体重正常的1.8倍（95%可信区间1.3～2.5）.结论 超重和肥胖已经成为影响西安市青少年健康的一个主要公共卫生问题,多发于城区、经济富裕或父母肥胖的家庭,以男性居多.     

Disease risks of childhood obesity in China

Objective To estimate the relative risks of dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndromes among overweight and obese Chinese children compared with their normal weight counterparts. Methods Overweight and obesity were defined by age- and sex-specific BMI classification reference for Chinese children and adolescents. Pediatric metabolic syndrome （MetS） and each risk factor for MetS were defined using the criteria for US adolescents. Definition of hyper-TC, LDL, and dyslipidemia for adults was applied as well. General linear model factor analysis and chi-square test were used to compare the difference in metabolic indicators among normal weight, overweight, and obese groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio of metabolic abnormalities between obesity, overweight, and normal weight children, after adjustment for living area, family economic level, age, sex, and daily exercise time and TV watching time, as well as different dietary indices in the model. Results Significant increases in blood lipids, glucose, and blood pressure were found among overweight and obese children as compared with their counterparts with normal weight. By applying WGOC-recommended BMI classification, the risks for hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL and dyslipidemia among overweight children were 1.9, 1.4, and 1.5 times, and was 3.3, 1.5, and 1.8 times among obese groups compared to their counterparts with normal weight after adjustment for age, sex, region, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and dietary intakes. The overweight and obese children （15-17.9 years） had a high-risk of developing hypertension, which was 2.3 and 2.9 times higher than their counterparts with normal weight. Above 90% obese adolescents had abdominal obesity, while less than 1% normal weight ones had abdominal obesity. No obese adolescents were free from any risk factors for MetS, while 36.9% of normal weight adolescents were from the risk factors. 83.3% obese boys and all obese girls had metabolic syndrome, while only 15.5% normal weight boys and 18.8% normal weight girls had metabolic syndrome. Four risk factors for metabolic syndrome were found in 8.3% obese boys while none in normal weight boys and girls. The prevalence of MetS among normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups was 1.5%, 18.3%, and 38.1% respectively. Conclusion The cardiovascular disease （CVD） risk factors are clustered in obese Chinese children. Our observations strongly suggest that efforts should be made to prevent the onset of overweight and its associated diseases during early childhood.     

Report on Childhood Obesity in China （5） Body Weight, Body Dissatisfaction, and Depression Symptoms of Chinese Children Aged 9-10 Years

Objective To investigate the relationship between body weight, body dissatisfaction and depression symptoms among Chinese children. Methods The fasting body weight and height of the third and fourth grade students (n=3886, aged 9 or 10 years) from 20 schools in Beijing, China, were measured, and the students were asked to choose the figures of body image and to complete the self-reported children’s depression inventory (CDI) questionnaire. Results The CDI Cronbach’s alpha was 0.81. The total CDI score was 9.60±7.50, 13.2% of children (boys 16.7% vs girls 9.5%) were at risk of developing depression symptoms. Overweight girls, but not boys, had significantly higher total CDI score than their normal weight counteparts. Both obese girls and boys showed a higher negative self-esteem score. More than one fifth underweight girls still wanted to be thinner while more than one third obese boys still wanted to be heavier. Children who wanted to be thinner showed slightly higher scores of ineffectiveness and negative self-esteem. After introducing the body dissatisfaction into the model, overweight was still associated with total CDI score among girls and obesity was still associated with negative self-esteem among both boys and girls. Conclusion Overweight girls show a significantly higher depression symptom score than their normal weight counterparts, which maybe partially explained by body dissatisfaction. Obese boys and girls are both more likely to suffer from low self-esteem, which is partially explained by body dissatisfaction.     

Overweight and obesity from childhood to adulthood: a follow-up of participants in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey

OBJECTIVE: To examine overweight and obesity in Australian children followed through to adulthood. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: A cohort study of 8498 children aged 7-15 years who participated in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey; of these, 2208 men and 2363 women completed a follow-up questionnaire at age 24-34 years in 2001-2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Height and weight were measured in 1985, and self-reported at follow-up. The accuracy of self-reported data was checked in 1185 participants. Overweight and obesity in childhood were defined according to international standard definitions for body mass index (BMI), and, in adulthood, as a BMI of 25-29.9 and > or =30 kg/m2, respectively, after correcting for self-report error. RESULTS: In those with baseline and follow-up data, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood was 8.3% and 1.5% in boys and 9.7% and 1.4% in girls, respectively. At follow-up, the prevalence was 40.1% and 13.0% in men and 19.7% and 11.7% in women. The relative risk (RR) of becoming an obese adult was significantly greater for those who had been obese as children compared with those who had been a healthy weight (RR = 4.7; 95% CI, 3.0-7.2 for boys and RR = 9.2; 95% CI, 6.9-12.3 for girls). The proportion of adult obesity attributable to childhood obesity was 6.4% in males and 12.6% in females. CONCLUSION: Obesity in childhood was strongly predictive of obesity in early adulthood, but most obese young adults were a healthy weight as children.     

新疆昌吉市小学生2018年健康状况调查

目的了解昌吉市小学生的身体健康状况,为制定有针对性的健康干预措施提供科学依据。方法根据《国家学生体质健康调研手册》的规定和要求,对昌吉市3099名小学生进行健康检查,并对检查结果及数据进行统计学分析。结果6岁和8岁男生平均身高均高于同龄女生,差异有统计学意义(t=3.916、2.679,P<0.05);6~11岁男生平均体重均高于同龄女生,差异有统计学意义(t=6.031、3.617、4.362、4.531、4.608、2.398,P<0.05)。小学生健康检查问题依次为龋齿(60.14%)、视力低下(31.04%)、肥胖(24.62%)、超重(20.07%)、贫血(2.06%)、沙眼(0.06%);女生视力低下的检出率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=31.252,P<0.01);女生龋齿的检出率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=9.291,P<0.05);男生超重和肥胖的检出率均高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=23.911、58.020,P<0.05)。结论昌吉市小学生龋齿、视力低下、超重和肥胖检出率较高,应组织学校或社区开展相关的健康教育工作,加大常见病的防治力度。     

深圳市某小学青少年超重及肥胖现况调查分析

目的：了解深圳市儿童青少年超重、肥胖流行现状和影响因素,为青少年肥胖的预防提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法抽取深圳市某小学311名7～13岁青少年作为调查对象,通过问卷和体格检查资料,计算体重指数,利用中国肥胖问题工作组标准（WGOC标准）对不同性别和年龄段的体重指数、超重率和肥胖率进行分析。结果按WGOC标准分析,本次调查的青少年总体超重率为17.68%,肥胖率为9.32%。男生超重率为21.71%,肥胖率为12.00%;女生超重率为12.50%,肥胖率为5.88%。结论本次调查显示深圳市青少年总体超重和肥胖率较其他地区高,青少年的超重、肥胖现象男生比女生严重。不良的饮食习惯、缺乏运动和长时间静坐是主要的危险因素,学校、家长等有关方面应该对此引起注意并采取有效防治措施。     

Association between BMI and Dental Caries among School Children and Adolescents in Jiangsu Province,China

Obesity has reached epidemic levels in recent years and remains a global public health problem worldwide despite improvements in oral disease prevention programs. Additionally, the prevalence of oral disease has rapidly increased in a number of lowand middle-income countries, accelerated by the greatest burden and higher risk factors, such as presenting in changes of eating habits, use of tobacco, excessive consumption of alcohol, and weak oral hygiene habits. In addition to limited availability and accessibility of oral health services, a lack of health promotion is associated with poor oral health[1].     

Ethnic Differences in Body Mass Index and Prevalence of Obesity in School Children of Urumqi City, Xinjiang, China

Objective To investigate the prevalence of obesity and distribution of body mass index （BMI） in school children of four ethnic groups in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. Methods A total of 55 508 school children of Han, Hui, Uygur and Kazak nationalities aged 8-18 years were selected by a cluster sampling from a districts of Urumqi City for anthropometrie measurement and demographic survey. Prevalence of obesity and overweight and distribution of body mass index （BMI） by gender, age, and nationality were analyzed and compared. Cutoff points of BMI for defining obesity and overweight were based on the proposal set by the Working Group on Obesity in China （WGOC） to assess age-, gender- and nationality-specific prevalence of obesity and overweight. Results Prevalence of obesity was 5.34%, 6.78%, 3.39 %, and 1.22% for boys and 2.61%, 1.83%, 1.78%, and 1.40% for girls of Han, Hui, Uygur and Kazak nationalities, respectively. Prevalence of obesity tended to decrease with age overall, whereas that of overweight increased with age in Han children. Conclusions Prevalence of obesity in school children in Urumqi varies with their nationalities and is lower than that of an average national level and a level of western countries. Obesity is more prevalent in boys than in girls of Urmuqi overall, which is just the opposite in Kazak children. Han boys and Hui girls have the highest prevalence of obesity and Kazak boys and girls have the lowest ones. Prevalence of obesity decreases with age, but that of overweight shows a different trend.     

中国学生超重、肥胖流行现状与15年流行趋势

目的:分析我国不同群体学生超重、肥胖流行现状和近15年来的流行趋势变化,为制定学生肥胖防治措施提供依据.方法:1985年和2000年全国学生体质调研,对象为7～22岁学生.利用新建儿童青少年体重指数(body mass index,BMI,体重/身高2,kg/m2)标准筛查超重、肥胖,分析不同群体检出率.结果:2000年我国7～22岁城市男生、乡村男生、城市女生、乡村女生肥胖检出率分别为4.37%、1.46%、2.32%和0.92%,超重检出率分别为10.38%、4.34%、5.94%和3.67%,比1985年成倍显著上升.地区差异极其明显:部分发达大城市男女生肥胖率达9.63%和4.50%,超重率达15.29%和8.77%;多数地区处于肥胖流行早期,西部肥胖检出率很低,乡村女生基本无肥胖流行.结论:中国发达地区采取学生肥胖综合防治措施已刻不容缓.其它地区也应采取相应有针对性的防治措施.