人VEGF基因慢病毒介导RNA干扰有效靶点的设计及筛选

目的:设计并筛选人血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)有效RNA干扰片段,构建VEGF慢病毒表达载体。方法:对人VEGF基因编码区分析,筛选序列3条,阴性对照序列l条,通过连接线性化的plenti6.3-MIR载体,构建miRNA慢病毒载体质粒,并转化至感受态细胞DH5α,进行测序验证。在脂质体介导下转染293T细胞,包装生产慢病毒,测定其滴度。慢病毒载体转染人肝癌细胞MHCC97L,用Real-time PCR检测干扰效果。结果:测序证实3个VEGF基因RNAi慢病毒载体质粒构建成功。慢病毒载体经293T细胞包装成功,测定病毒的滴度分别为3.23×109、3.30×109、3.73×109TU/mL。3个慢病毒载体转染人肝癌细胞MHCC97L后,VEGF基因在mRNA水平受到抑制,其中miR-200序列效果最佳,对VEGF基因表达的干扰效率可达72%。结论:成功构建并筛选了人VEGF基因RNAi慢病毒载体及有效靶点,为进一步深入研究VEGF基因与抗肿瘤药物药效关系提供实验基础。     

人生长因子受体结合蛋白2相关的接头蛋白1基因重组慢病毒RNA干扰载体的构建及鉴定

目的 探讨构建人类生长因子受体结合蛋白2相关的接头蛋白1(Gab1)基因重组慢病毒RNA干扰载体的方法,研究其对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞株EA.hy926的沉默效率.方法 针对人类Gab1基因设计5个靶点的小干扰RNA (siRNA)序列,并分别合成靶序列的Oligo DNA,退火形成双链DNA,与经Hpa I和Xho I限制性内切酶双酶切后的GV118载体连接,产生Gab1-RNA干扰(RNAi)转化子,聚合酶链反应(PCR)筛选阳性克隆并进行测序鉴定.将测序正确的Gab1-RNAi、pHelper 1.0和pHelper 2.0质粒共转染239T细胞,包装产生LV-Gab1-RNAi慢病毒并测定其滴度.将获得的慢病毒分别转染EA.hy926细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达,测定其转染效率;通过反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测转染后的EA.hy926细胞中Gab1 mRNA表达水平来验证慢病毒干扰载体的基因沉默效率.结果 经PCR分析和测序证实,成功构建LV-Gab1-RNAi慢病毒载体;病毒滴度为3×109 TU/ml;荧光显微镜下转染组细胞GFP荧光表达强烈,转染效率达70％以上;RT-PCR证实干扰组细胞Gab1 mRNA表达水平(0.088 ±0.003)较对照(0.947±0.087)组和空白组(0.999±0.067)显著降低(P＜0.01).结论 成功构建人Gab1基因RNAi慢病毒载体并能在293T细胞中扩增获得足够的病毒滴度,能明显抑制Gab1基因在EA.hy926细胞株中的表达.     

ELL慢病毒表达载体的构建及其感染前列腺癌PC3细胞的研究

目的构建ELL基因的慢病毒表达质粒,探讨其感染人前列腺癌PC3细胞的可行性。方法将含有全长ELL的质粒和慢病毒表达载体经双酶切后连接,构建成重组慢病毒载体质粒pCDH1-MCS1-EF1-copGFP-ELL。对慢病毒载体质粒进行双酶切和测序鉴定后,制备包装病毒并转染人前列腺癌细胞系PC3。结果慢病毒载体质粒pCDH1-MCS1-EF1-copGFP-ELL的酶切和测序结果与预计的序列一致。慢病毒感染人前列腺癌PC3细胞后能稳定高表达ELL。结论成功构建了ELL的慢病毒表达载体,ELL可被成功转染入人前列腺癌细胞。     

慢病毒介导的miR194-5p过表达精原细胞株的建立

目的构建miR194-5p慢病毒表达载体pMSCV-PIG-miR194-5p,应用包装后产生的慢病毒感染Stra8-GC1-spg细胞,获得稳定过表达miR194-5p精原细胞株。方法用PCR法扩增miR194-5p的前体序列pri-miR194-5p。利用分子克隆技术构建慢病毒表达载体pMSCV-PIG-miR194-5p。将其与Gag pol和VSV.G辅助质粒一起用PEI法共转染至293T包装细胞内,收集慢病毒上清,后将其感染Stra8-GC1-spg细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选获得稳定过表达miR194-5p的精原细胞株。结果构建了慢病毒重组质粒pMSCV-PIG-miR194-5p。经酶切鉴定及DNA测序法证实序列准确无误。经包装产生的慢病毒能成功感染Stra8-GC1-spg细胞,并稳定过表达miR194-5p。结论成功地构建了慢病毒表达重组质粒pMSCV-PIG-miR194-5p,经包装后产生预计的慢病毒,建立了稳定过表达miR194-5p的精原细胞株。     

小鼠RelB基因siRNA慢病毒载体的构建及鉴定

默效率.用pVSVG,plp1,plp2慢病毒包装系统质粒在磷酸钙介导下共转染包装细胞293T细胞,包装产生慢病毒,以293T细胞GFP蛋白的表达水平测定病毒滴度.结果 聚合酶链反应(PCR)和测序证实,成功构建RelB-shRNA的慢病毒载体pLentiLox-sh-RelB.Western blot鉴定最有效的siRNA序列为5'-TGTGGTCAGGcATCTGCTTG-3',病毒液过滤后测定滴度为8×1010 pfu/L.结论 成功构建小鼠RelB基因RNAi慢病毒载体.     

针对人STAT1基因的RNA干扰有效靶点的设计与筛选

目的:设计并筛选针对人STAT1基因有效的RNA干扰靶点。方法:根据人STAT1基因序列,设计3个干扰序列,将oligo退火成双链并连接穿梭载体pLKO-1-EGFP-puro-shRNA,构建shRNA慢病毒载体质粒,并转化至感受态细胞DH5a,进行测序验证。在脂质体介导下转染293T细胞,包装生产慢病毒。慢病毒载体转染人肝癌细胞MHCC97L的STAT1过表达瘤株(MHCC97L-stat1),用Real-timePCR检测干扰效果。结果:测序证实3个STAT1基因RNAi病毒载体质粒构建成功;慢病毒载体经293T细胞包装成功;3个慢病毒载体转染人肝癌细胞MHCC97L-stat1瘤株48h后,STAT1基因在mRNA水平表达均受到抑制,其中MHCC9-L-stat1-shRNA-1序列效果最佳,对STAT1基因表达的干扰效率可达81.4%。结论:成功构建并筛选了人STAT1基因RNAi慢病毒载体及有效靶点,为进一步深入研究STAT1基因与抗肿瘤药物药效关系奠定基础。     

介导大鼠Ppif基因沉默的慢病毒载体转移质粒的构建及鉴定

目的：构建介导大鼠Ppif基因沉默的慢病毒载体转移质粒pGCL-Ppif,为进一步包装慢病毒载体奠定基础.方法：以大鼠Ppif基因为靶基因,根据RNA干扰（RNAi）序列设计原则,设计4对有小发夹结构的RNAi靶点序列,退火形成双链DNA,双酶切后定向克隆到慢病毒载体转移质粒pGCL-Ppif中,构建4个含靶基因片段的重组慢病毒载体转移质粒pGCL-Ppif,并对质粒进行PCR及测序鉴定.结果：Ppif的短发夹RNA（shR-NA）片段被成功克隆到慢病毒载体转移质粒pGCL-GFP中,4对插入序列与设计的靶基因片段完全一致.结论：构建了能够表达4个含Ppif靶基因片段的慢病毒载体转移质粒,为进一步包装介导Ppif基因沉默的慢病毒载体奠定了基础.     

人碱性成纤维生长因子基因重组慢病毒载体的构建

目的 构建携带人碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)基因的重组慢病毒表达载体.方法 采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法钓取人源性的bFGF和FGF4两个目的 基因片段,将该基因克隆到慢病毒载体表达质粒pGC-FU[含绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)]中,得到pGC FU-FGF4-bFGF,通过PCR、酶切、测序和对比验证bFGF后,通过Lipofectamine 2000的介导把pGC FU-FGF4-bFGF质粒和包装质粒pHelper 1.0、pHelper 2.0共转染至包装细胞293T,经同源重组产生重组慢病毒pGC FU-FGF4-bFGF,pGC FU-FGF4-bFGF在293T细胞内大量扩增,应用实时定量PCR法鉴定和测定滴度.结果 克隆得到500bp目的 bFGF全长基因,经过PCR扩增、酶切鉴定、序列测定证实,bFGF基因成功克隆到慢病毒载体中,可实现bFGF基因的表达,且病毒滴度为2.0×109 TU/ml.结论 成功构建表达人bFGF基因的慢病毒载体并能在293T细胞中扩增获得足够高的病毒滴度,可作为后续基因治疗研究工作的基因转染工具.     

PKCγ基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建

目的 构建蛋白激酶Cγ(PKCγ)基因RNA干扰(RNAi)慢病毒载体.方法 针对已经筛选确定的PKCT基因RNAi有效靶序列,合成靶序列的短发夹RNA(shRNA)寡核苷酸序列(Oligo)DNA,退火形成双链DNA,与经Age Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ酶切后的pGCSIL-GFP载体[含U_6启动子和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)]连接,转化DH5a大肠杆菌,挑选重组阳性克隆行PCR鉴定和DNA测序.用pGCSIL-GFP、pHelper 1.0和pHelper 2.0三质粒共转染293T细胞,包装产生慢病毒,逐孔稀释滴度法测定病毒滴度.结果 PCR鉴定结果显示,以经双酶切后未插入片断的pGCSIL-GFP空载体(PCR产物为306 bp)为对照,重组细菌克隆的PCR产物为343 bp(插入片段为37 bp),鉴定结果与预期相符.测序结果显示,合成的PKCT基因shRNA寡核苷酸链序列插入正确.包装慢病毒,浓缩慢病毒悬液的滴度为1×10~9 TU/ml.结论 成功构建了PKCT基因shRNA慢病毒载体.     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.