联合分析法探索EQ-5D量表积分体系

目的使用联合分析法探索适合我国人群的EQ-5D量表积分体系。方法以典型抽样的方法,从医学院校按年级、专业分层抽取在校大学生200人,使用联合分析法设计18种状态,在计算机辅助下对假想状态的生命质量进行测评。使用广义最小二乘(GLS)构建多元线性回归模型,模型包括10个哑变量及常数项。结果两个模型均无内部逻辑错误,两者相关系数为0.999,R2分别为0.510、0.514,对13个经典状态的评分结果与其他欧洲国家研究结果有近似的趋势,但具有显著的国人文化特征。结论本研究可为我国EQ-5D量表积分体系建立的方法学和指标体系结果提供新的视角和参考。     

两种常用EQ-5D量表效用值积分体系的比较及其对成本效用分析结果的影响探讨

我国尚没有开发基于我国人群偏好的EQ-5D量表效用值积分体系,目前采用该量表进行的成本效用分析大多是以英国及日本的积分体系计算健康状态效用值。文章通过分析这两种体系对量表中所有状态的预测效用值发现,相比日本的结果,采用英国积分体系所得的效用值较低,且当其用于成本效用分析时更倾向于接受成本较高效用值也较高的治疗方案。研究人员在比较不同研究结果时应充分关注因使用不同积分体系而产生的差异,同时认为鉴于该体系与各国文化背景紧密相连,应尽早开发适合我国人群的EQ-5D量表效用值积分体系。     

EQ-5D和SF-6D测量同期健康效用值的比较研究

目的:比较EQ-5D和SF-6D两个量表的适用性,为药物经济学评价过程中效用值测量工具的选择提供参考。方法:基于已有文献,从效用均值的分布、差异、可交换性及适用性、敏感性分析四个方面,对两个量表进行比较。结果:EQ-5D的效用均值略呈左偏分布,SF-6D较符合正态分布;两个量表在不同分段的效用均值存在差异,一致性较差。结论:两个量表不具有可互换性,在应用过程中应充分考虑两者差异,根据疾病特点选择合适的量表,SF-6D多适用于进程缓慢的疾病,EQ-5D多适用于测量较差的健康状态。     

构建EQ-5D-5L量表效用积分体系的国际研究现状分析

为降低天花板效应,增强对较轻健康状态的区分能力,欧洲生命质量小组在EQ-5D-3L量表的基础上开发出新的EQ-5D-5L量表。EQ-5D量表的测量结果需通过效用积分体系转化成健康效用值,目前,加拿大、西班牙、英国、乌拉圭、韩国及荷兰已构建起基于本国人群健康偏好的EQ-5D-5L效用积分体系。通过对上述国家构建的研究方案、测量方法、健康状态选取、样本估计、数据处理及模型结果等进行介绍和比较,以此为中国EQ-5D-5L积分体系的构建提供参考。     

陕西省城乡居民健康相关生命质量研究：基于EQ-5D 量表效用值的测算

目的:测量陕西省城乡居民健康生命质量并分析其影响因素。方法:数据来源于陕西省第五次卫生服务调查,基于英国和我国的EQ-5D效应值积分体系计算EQ-5D健康效应值,采用Tobit回归模型分析健康效应值影响因素。结果:基于英国积分体系计算城乡居民健康效应值分别为0.945 6和0.935 2,基于中国积分体系计算的城乡居民健康效应值分别0.956 9和0.948 3。结论:陕西省城市居民的健康相关生命质量高于农村居民,居民经济水平、年龄、教育程度以及基本医疗保险参保情况等对健康相关生命质量有显著影响。     

正交设计联合时间交换法探索EQ-5D量表积分体系研究

目的采用正交设计典型状态联合时间交换法(TTO)探索构建适合中国人群的生命质量量表(EQ-5D)积分体系建模方法。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,从医学院校按年级、专业分层抽取在校大学生200人,选取L_(18)(2×3~7)正交设计表得到18个标准状态。应用STATA/SE 12.0软件构建了9个加权最小二乘多元线性回归模型,模型包括11个哑变量。结果总体水平上以中位数为基础构建的WLS回归模型(模型AM00)最优,该模型无截距、无N3变量,具有简洁、高效的特点,其决定系数R~2=0.9997,平均绝对误差MAE=0.04769。且评估曲线具有明显的国人文化特征。结论总体水平上以中位数为基础无N3无截距的WLS回归模型(AM00)是最优模型,该种建模方法最为合理。     

多国视角下中国居民生命质量：基于中、英、日、韩EQ-5D效用值体系研究

目的:研究中国、英国、日本、韩国EQ-5D-3L效用值体系特点,从多角度评价中国居民健康相关生命质量。方法:基于第五次国家卫生服务调查数据,利用Pearson相关系数研究基于不同效用值体系计算的我国居民健康生命质量的关联性。结果:中国、英国、日本和韩国效用值上限均为1,下限分别为-0.149、-0.594、-0.171和-0.106,四国视角下的中国居民效用值平均是分别为0.958 8、0.913 0、0.949 9和0.964 3。中国与英国、日本和韩国视角下中国居民效用值相关系数分别为0.951 1、0.976 7和0.987 5。结论:中国与日本、韩国对健康评价偏好更为一致,更加关注一般问题和自我照顾对于健康的影响,而英国更加关注极端问题及其疼痛的影响。中、韩视角下对于中国居民生命质量的态度乐观一致,英国和日本对于65岁及以上老人和低收入等人群健康状况评价相对悲观。     

EQ-5D-3L两种积分效用体系对成都市城镇居民的适用性评价

目的通过比较英国与中国EQ-5D-3L两种积分效用体系对成都市城镇居民生命质量健康效用值的评价,探讨两种体系对研究对象的适用性。方法用EQ-5D量表测量患者的生命质量,数据用SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。结果通过spearmen相关矩阵分析得出两种积分体系具有高度的相关性,所得健康指数的分布均为偏态分布,但是相较于英国的积分体系,中国积分体系模型拟合优度的R2、F值比英国高,且AIC值与BIC值低于英国。结论相比于英国的效用积分体系,我国的积分体系对研究人群健康效用评价有更好的适用性。     

健康自评与老年人健康状况的前瞻性研究

目的：探讨健康自评（SRH）与老年人健康的关系。方法：1992年在北京城乡各随机抽取1个区／县后，再采取分层、分段及整群抽样的方法抽取55岁以上老年人3157名进行研究，并于1994、1997和2000年随访。结果：基线调查结果显示，SRH受年龄、性别、婚姻状态、教育水平和经济满意度的影响；SRH一般和不良老年人的慢性病总患病率以及脑血管病、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病和骨关节疾病患病率均明显高于SRH良好老年人。从1992－2000年8年间共993人死亡，SRH是老年人死亡的危险因素，SRH一般与不良者总死亡的危险分别高于SRH良好者12％（HR＝1.12,95% CI：0．93－1．35）和53％（HR＝1．53，95％CI：1．25－1．88），在控制混杂因素[年龄、性别、地区（城／乡）、婚姻状态、教育水平、近一年就医次数和住院次数、患慢性病、日常生活自理能力、体重指数、认知功能、抑郁]、剔除随访1年和3年内死亡者后，上述趋势依然存在。与SRH良好者相比，SRH不良者脑卒中和心脏病死亡的危险分别增加了2.25倍（HR＝2．25，95％CI：1．67－3．04）和2．22倍（HR＝2．22，95％CI：1．61－3．07）。结论：SRH与各种常见的老年慢性病患病率有关，同时又是预防死亡的独立危险因素，提示在老年卫生保健工作中，不应忽视老年人对自身健康的主观评价。     

Swedish experience-based value sets for EQ-5D health states

Purpose

To estimate Swedish experience-based value sets for EQ-5D health states using general population health survey data.

Methods

Approximately 45,000 individuals valued their current health status by means of time trade off (TTO) and visual analogue scale (VAS) methods and answered the EQ-5D questionnaire, making it possible to model the association between the experience-based TTO and VAS values and the EQ-5D dimensions and severity levels. The association between TTO and VAS values and the different severity levels of respondents’ answers on a self-rated health (SRH) question was assessed.

Results

Almost all dimensions (except usual activity) and severity levels had less impact on TTO valuations compared with the UK study based on hypothetical values. Anxiety/depression had the greatest impact on both TTO and VAS values. TTO and VAS values were consistently related to SRH. The inclusion of age, sex, education and socioeconomic group affected the main effect coefficients and the explanatory power modestly.

Conclusions

A value set for EQ-5D health states based on Swedish valuations has been lacking. Several authors have recently advocated the normative standpoint of using experience-based values. Guidelines of economic evaluation for reimbursement decisions in Sweden recommend the use of experience-based values for QALY calculations. Our results that anxiety/depression had the greatest impact on both TTO and VAS values underline the importance of mental health for individuals’ overall HRQoL. Using population surveys is in line with recent thinking on valuing health states and could reduce some of the focusing effects potentially appearing in hypothetical valuation studies.     

Probabilistic mapping of the health status measure SF-12 onto the health utility measure EQ-5D using the US-population-based scoring models

Purpose

Probabilistic mapping of the health status instrument SF-12 onto the health utility instrument EuroQol—5 dimensions (EQ-5D)-3L using the UK-population-based scoring model showed encouraging results as compared to other mapping methods, although its predictive performance using the US-population-based EQ-5D scoring models has not been investigated. In addition, a new and improved US-population-based EQ-5D scoring method has recently been developed and suggested for use in applications that required US societal health state values. In this study, we assessed predictive performance of the probabilistic mapping approach using the US-population-based scoring models on EQ-5D utility scores based on SF-12 responses and compared the results with those of other mapping methods.

Methods

Using a sample of 19,678 adults from the 2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we evaluated the predictive performance of probabilistic mapping using Bayesian networks, response mapping using multinomial logistic regression, ordinary least squares, and censored least absolute deviations models by implementing a fivefold cross-validation method. The EQ-5D utility scores were generated using two US-population-based models: D1 and MM-OC.

Results

Overall, the probabilistic mapping approach using Bayesian networks consistently outperformed other mapping methods with mean squared errors (MSE) of 0.007 and 0.007, mean absolute errors (MAE) of 0.057 and 0.039, and overall R ² of 0.773 and 0.770 for the US-population-based EQ-5D scoring D1 and MM-OC models, respectively.

Conclusion

The probabilistic mapping approach can be useful to estimate EQ-5D utility scores from SF-12 responses with better predictive measures in terms of MSE, MAE, and R ² than other common mapping methods.     

基于EQ - 5D效用积分体系的慢性病患者健康相关生命质量研究

目的 分析慢性病患者健康相关生命质量及其影响因素。方法 利用2018年江苏省第六次卫生服务调查数据,该调查采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,选择15岁及以上患慢性病的居民为研究对象（3 646人）,基于EQ - 5D健康效用值,利用秩和检验、Tobit回归研究慢性病患者健康相关生命质量的影响因素。结果 58.06%的慢性病患者在EQ - 5D各维度没有任何困难;城市、已婚或其他婚姻状况、文化程度提高、家庭人均年收入增加、BMI升高、参加健康体检、进行体育锻炼是健康的保护因素（OR＜1）,年龄增长是健康的危险因素（OR＞1）。结论 慢性病患者健康相关生命质量较低,提高慢性病患者收入水平、文化程度并改善其健康行为对于提高这类人群的生命质量具有重要意义。     

EuroQol (EQ-5D) health utility scores for patients with migraine

Purpose  

Previous studies have reported health utilities for migraine patients as generally measured between migraine attacks, but health utility data for within a migraine attack are unavailable. We evaluated within-attack health utilities among acute migraine patients experiencing different grades of headache severity.     

CHU9D与EQ-5D-Y量表评估急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿健康效用值比较

目的 探讨儿童健康效用9维(CHU9D)量表和欧洲生命质量学会5维量表-青少年版(EQ-5D-Y),评估急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患儿健康效用值的一致性及相关性。方法 选择2020年4月至2021年4月,于青海大学附属医院诊疗的85例ALL患儿(8～14岁)为研究对象。对其先采用EQ-5D-Y,间隔3 d,再采用CHU9D量表进行问卷调查,分别计算2个量表的健康效用值,评估患儿健康相关生命质量(HRQoL)。采用独立样本t检验或单因素方差分析,对受试儿的不同人口统计学变量及健康状况,采用上述2个量表的健康效用值进行统计学比较;分别采用同类相关系数(ICC)及绘制Bland-Altman散点图,评估纳入研究患儿2个量表健康效用值的一致性水平及一致性限度;采用Pearson相关性分析法,分别对2个量表的健康效用值相关性、各维度之间相关性进行分析。本研究通过青海大学附属医院伦理委员会批准(审批文号：QHG0223A),征得患儿及其监护人知情同意,并签署临床研究知情同意书。结果 (1)2个量表评估均显示：男性、来自双亲家庭、家庭年收入≥10万元及健康状况好患儿的健康效用值,分别高于女性、来自...     

Comparing SF-6D and EQ-5D utilities across groups differing in health status

Objectives  To compare the EQ-5D and SF-6D within socio-demographic and clinical groups in a representative sample (n = 1,005) of the Greek general population and to examine mean utility differences across groups differing in health in this population and in a highly morbid disease sample (diabetes, n = 215). Methods  Association and level of agreement between instruments were estimated with Pearson’s r and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Paired-samples t-test was used to identify significant score differences, which were regarded as minimally important differences (MID) when they exceeded 0.03. The EQ-VAS was used to classify individuals into health status groups, covering the range from very poor to very good health, and the same classification was used in the diabetes sample. Results  EQ-5D and SF-6D were in agreement and strongly correlated over the entire sample (ICC = 0.536, P < 0.001 and r = 0.662, P < 0.001), but correlation varied according to socio-demographic factors and clinical conditions. In healthier responders, EQ-5D scores were significantly higher than SF-6D scores (P < 0.001) and differences constituted MIDs. Contrarily, in individuals with clinical conditions, SF-6D scores were predominantly higher than EQ-5D. The pattern of results was replicated in the disease sample as well. Conclusions  The hypotheses that EQ-5D generates higher scores in healthier populations and the SF-6D in less healthier groups were confirmed. Based on the evidence provided here, EQ-5D and SF-6D measuring discrepancies generate utility differences across VAS-based health groups, which warrant further within-sample investigation.     

Do estimates of cost-utility based on the EQ-5D differ from those based on the mapping of utility scores?

Background  

Mapping has been used to convert scores from condition-specific measures into utility scores, and to produce estimates of cost-effectiveness. We sought to compare the QALY gains, and incremental cost per QALY estimates, predicted on the basis of mapping to those based on actual EQ-5D scores.     

Mapping the Oxford hip score onto the EQ-5D utility index

Purpose

To assess different mapping methods for the estimation of a group’s mean EQ-5D score based on responses to the Oxford hip score (OHS) questionnaire.

Methods

Four models were considered: a) linear regression using total OHS as a continuous regressor; b) linear regression employing responses to the twelve OHS questions as categorical predictors; c) two-part approach combining logistic and linear regression; and d) response mapping. The models were internally validated on the estimation data set, which included OHS and EQ-5D scores for total hip replacements, both before and six months after procedure for 1,759 operations. An external validation was also performed.

Results

All models estimated the mean EQ-5D score within 0.005 of an observed health-state utility estimate, ordinary least squares (OLS) continuous being the most accurate and OLS categorical the most consistent. Age, gender and deprivation did not improve the models. More accurate estimations at the individual level were achieved for higher scores of observed OHS and EQ-5D.

Conclusion

Based on these results, when EQ-5D scores are not available, answers to the OHS questionnaire can be used to estimate a group’s mean EQ-5D with a high degree of accuracy.