Underestimation of monoclonal proteins by serum protein electrophoresis on cellulose acetate

Our study of 95 serum samples from 37 patients with monoclonal gammopathy revealed distorted irregular monoclonal (M) protein bands after serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) on cellulose acetate membrane. In 71 (75%) of the 95 sera, the M-protein was underestimated and the albumin concentration overestimated. Dilution of the serum sample before SPE eliminated the abnormality of the M-protein bands. By SPE, the mean albumin concentration in these 71 undiluted sera was 45.8 (SD 7.4) g/L vs 37.9 (SD 5.8) g/L for the diluted sera; moreover, this was true of individual samples: measured albumin concentration in each diluted serum sample was always less than in the undiluted serum. As measured by the bromcresol green dye-binding method, the albumin concentration was 32.8 (SD 5.9) g/L. Similarly, the M-protein concentration in SPE was 49.5 (SD 12.3) g/L for the undiluted sera vs 61.8 (SD 15.1) g/L for the diluted sera, and the M-protein concentration in each diluted serum sample always exceeded that in the undiluted serum. Underestimation of M-protein limits the usefulness of M-protein measurement in evaluating the patient's response to therapy and for early detection of disease progression. SPE strips should be carefully inspected visually, and sera with M-protein band abnormalities should be diluted and re-assayed if SPE is to quantify concentrations of M-protein and albumin accurately.     

A standardized procedure for serum protein electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane strips

Detailed directions for serum protein electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips using the EEL electrophoresis apparatus with adapter cells, for the staining and quantitative determinations of the relative values of the fractions have been presented. Some problems inherent in the methods and apparatus, as well as in the calculation of results, are discussed. Standard values for the relative values of serum proteins in terms of the total protein and in terms of the total globulins are presented, with statistical analyses. These values are not to be construed as universally correct, nor useful in those laboratories using different methods and equipment, but are only applicable clinically when the apparatus and the methods described herein are used as directed.     

Computer-assisted findings on protein electrophoresis on cellulose acetate film

Until a short time ago efficient computer assisted reporting of electrophoretograms was not possible owing to the lack of appropriate technology. By integrating a fully mechanized electrophoresis system into the laboratory data processing system of a centralized institute of clinical chemistry, the separation and the interpretation of results can be performed for 300 samples per day. The interpretation is based upon available patient data (specified clinical diagnoses, previous results), calculated fractions and analysis of the electrophoretic curve in the area of albumin and the beta- and gamma-globulin fraction. In this way it is possible to classify hereditary bisalbuminaemias and to detect transient bisalbuminaemias and monoclonal gammopathies. Diagnostic indications of specific dysproteinaemias and defect proteinaemias are printed on the report form if individual serum protein fractions and the total protein content are changed specifically. The results of the different electrophoretic fractions, the total protein and a set of possible alterations of the curve are numerically coded according to the scaled biochemical ranges in five definite sections or to a decision matrix (alteration 'given' or 'not given'), respectively. The composed 'result patterns' are matched with preassigned 'reference patterns' stored in the computer file. The procedure is efficient and adaptable to other areas of analysis.     

醋酸纤维薄膜法血清蛋白电泳的影响因素分析与对策

目的对醋酸纤维薄膜法(CA)血清蛋白电泳实验过程中各种影响因素进行分析,并采取相应措施,确保电泳结果达到预期效果。方法采用CA进行检测。结果对实验过程的影响因素进行分析并采取相应改进措施后,实验结果图谱清晰可见。结论通过对实验各种影响因素进行处理,可以使实验效果更佳。     

Haptoglobin type determination by cellulose acetate zone electrophoresis

Conditions have been presented for the determination of blood haptoglobin type by cellulose acetate zone electrophoresis. The method, which requires only 10 μl of plasma or serum, is useful for routine screening procedures.     

The use of o-dianisidine for serum haptoglobin electrophoresis using cellulose acetate.

1. Due to the carcinogenicity of benzidine, a method by which o-dianisidine is used to stain serum haptoglobin is described. Serum haptoglobin is determined by electrophoresis using cellulose acetate as the medium. 2. A comparison of the two staining systems demonstrates good agreement. 0-Dianisidine can be substituted for benzidine without loss of specificity.     

Apparatus for electrophoresis on cellulose acetate films]

Type EFPA-30 apparatus for electrophoresis on cellulose acetate films was developed at the Specialized Design Office for Biophysical Equipment of the Moscow Research and Production Association BIOFIZPRIBOR. Three autonomic separation cameras are united in one block, that permits separation of 12, 24, and 36 samples; the apparatus is supplied with time transducer, acoustic and visual indication. Clinical trials of the apparatus were carried out at the Institute of Biological and Medical Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, its commercial production is to be started. The apparatus is intended for protein separation and may be used for studies of hemoglobins, serum proteins, lipoproteins, enzymes, and other biologic compounds. Methods for hemoglobin and serum protein separation are presented.