猪组织工程皮肤自体及异体移植后血管重建的实验研究

目的研究贵州小型香猪来源的组织工程皮肤自体及同种异体移植后血管形成情况,为复方壳多糖组织工程皮肤临床应用提供实验依据。方法按我科已建立的方法构建猪的组织工程皮肤,然后进行自体及同种异体移植实验,观察移植的猪组织工程皮肤的存活及创面愈合情况。并于移植后1、4、8周取标本,行组织学检查和免疫组化染色,观察自体及同种异体移植后猪组织工程皮肤血管形成状况。结果猪组织工程皮肤自体及同种异体移植后均存活,创面达到理想的愈合效果,组织学检查显示新生血管丰富;免疫组化染色显示:Ⅷ因子免疫组化染色阳性。结论本实验构建的猪组织工程皮肤自体及同种异体移植后,可获得理想的创面愈合效果,猪组织工程皮肤血管形成良好,与正常皮肤相似。本实验为复方壳多糖组织工程皮肤临床应用提供了有力的实验依据。     

BrdU单抗免疫组化法观察人工皮肤种子细胞生长

目的研究贵州小型香猪来源的组织工程皮肤自体及同种异体移植后种子细胞生长情况,为复方壳多糖组织工程皮肤临床应用提供实验依据。方法构建猪的组织工程皮肤并于移植后第1、4、8周采集标本,BrdU单抗免疫组化染色,观察移植后种子细胞存活情况。结果猪组织工程皮肤移植后8周 BrdU单克隆抗体免疫组化染色阳性。结论笔者构建的组织工程皮肤自体及同种异体移植后种子细胞存活良好。本实验为复方壳多糖组织工程皮肤临床应用提供了有力的实验依据。     

小型香猪组织工程皮肤移植后基底膜重建的实验研究

目的研究贵州小型香猪来源的组织工程皮肤自体及同种异体移植后基底膜形成情况,为复合壳多糖组织工程皮肤临床应用提供实验依据。方法按我科已建立的方法构建猪的组织工程皮肤,然后进行自体及同种异体移植实验,观察移植的猪组织工程皮肤的存活及创面愈合情况,并于移植后1、4、8周取标本,行组织学检查和免疫组化染色,观察移植后猪组织工程皮肤基底膜形成情况。结果猪组织工程皮肤自体及同种异体移植后均存活,创面达到理想的愈合效果,组织学检查显示表皮明显增厚,表皮突明显,真皮胶原束显著增粗变密,新生血管网丰富。PAS染色基底膜带呈完整连续阳性。免疫组化染色显示:表、真皮交界处层粘连蛋白抗体免疫组化染色阳性。结论我们构建的猪组织工程皮肤自体及同种异体移植后,可获得理想的创面愈合效果,组织工程皮肤基底膜形成完整,与正常皮肤相似。本实验为复合壳多糖组织工程皮肤临床应用提供了有力的实验依据。     

皮肤替代物的研究进展

烧伤创面愈合是一个十分复杂的过程,自体皮肤组织是最理想的烧伤创面修复物,但对于大面积深度烧伤的病人,常因自体皮源的不足,使得自体皮肤移植在应用上受到严重的限制;而生物敷料包括同种异体皮、异种皮和羊膜等各类暂时性皮肤替代物,由于抗原性及其他性能上的缺陷,只能在较短的时间内起到创面保护作用.近些年,由于分子生物学和组织工程技术的发展与应用,使得表皮替代物、真皮替代物和复合皮肤替代物成为了研究的热点.本文就皮肤替代物的研究进展作一简要综述.     

杨梅素对小鼠被动皮肤过敏反应的影响

目的研究杨梅素的抗过敏作用。方法采用小鼠同种、异种被动皮肤过敏反应(PCA)、右旋糖酐致小鼠全身瘙痒反应和2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)所致小鼠耳廓皮肤迟发型超敏反应(DTH)实验,探讨杨梅素的抗过敏作用。结果杨梅素显著抑制小鼠同种、异种被动皮肤过敏反应和右旋糖酐引起的小鼠瘙痒反应,并能抑制DNCB诱导的DTH。结论杨梅素具有抗过敏作用,机制可能与抑制Ⅰ、Ⅳ型变态反应有关。     

手术室皮肤管理小组在预防骨科患者压疮中的作用分析

<正>压疮又称为压力性溃疡,是一种由局部组织长时间受压致血液循环受阻造成部分组织缺血、缺氧、营养不良症状的皮肤疾病[1],严重时可发展成压疮合并症,存在致死风险,于患者生命健康安全威胁较大。多数骨科疾患患者因活动受限,需长期卧床静养,其于治疗中发生压疮的风险较高[2],积极有效的护理及治疗是促进病情转归、提高患者预后水平的关键。本次研究为探讨手术室皮肤管理小组在预防骨科患者压疮中的临床应用价值,选取     

异种脱细胞真皮基质治疗大面积深度烧伤的研究进展

自体皮源的严重缺乏一直是大面积深度烧伤临床治疗的主要难点,因此,制备新型皮肤替代物已经成为大面积深度烧伤临床治疗亟待解决的问题。伴随着组织工程学的发展及制备工艺的改善,异种脱细胞真皮基质作为理想的皮肤替代物,在治疗大面积深度烧伤中被大量应用。本文对近几年异种脱细胞真皮基质的临床应用现状、治疗机理研究现状、不同脱细胞真皮基质的优缺点进行综述。     

56家大中型医疗机构药品质量安全风险评价

目的:排查和防控武汉市大中型医疗机构药品质量安全管理体系中存在的风险,规范医疗机构药品全流程的管理。方法:依据《医疗机构药事管理规定》、《湖北省药品使用质量管理规定》等要求,药学专家和药品监管人员以全市56家大中型医疗机构为评估对象,对组织机构与人员管理、文件管理、药库管理、药房管理、医院制剂配制管理、特药抗菌药及ADR监测管理进行药品质量安全风险评估,排查药品安全管理中存在的风险点,提出合理化建议。结果:本次评估56家医疗机构的平均得分率为88.2%,评级优秀的占76.8%;药库管理是6个大项中风险最高的项目,82.1%医疗机构此项目存在风险;按子项目风险级别排序,排名前5的分别是冷链管理、临床药师配备、药库药品存放、药品养护和特药管理。三级医院药品质量安全风险管理情况优于二级医院、综合医院风险管理情况优于专科医院。结论:该市大中型医疗机构药品质量安全管理还存在一定的风险,各级医疗机构应加强药品管理,降低药品质量安全风险,保障患者用药安全。     

儿科病区护理风险防范与安全管理

目的探讨护理风险环节管理在儿科病区的应用,降低护理风险的发生率。方法通过总结儿科病区存在的主要风险环节及发生的原因,加强管理。结果护理人员提高了护理风险的安全意识,把握每个护理细节,消除不安全隐患,确保护理安全。结论重视儿科病区护理,努力提高护理质量,尽力为患儿提供安全、优质护理服务。     

浅谈精神科护理工作的不安全因素与安全管理对策

精神科护理风险是指在精神科护理过程中不安全因素导致患者或工作人员不同程度伤害的可能性。除具有一般风险的特性外,还具有风险水平高、风险不确定性、风险复杂性,并存在于护理工作的各个环节,风险后果严重等特性。本文从护理方面因素和患者方面因素分析精神科护理工作中的不安全因素,提出了健全护理安全质量管理;加强教育,提高护理安全认识;重视专业理论和技术操作培训;加强精神科患者组织管理;加强环境安全管理等对策。     

Tissue-engineered skin substitutes

The development of tissue engineered skin substitutes has reached a mature stage; major remaining questions relate to areas of greatest potential utility. Research is mainly concerned with extending indications of existing products, including treatment of the full range of acute, chronic, surgical and cosmetic wounds, and in other applications such as soft tissue augmentation and gene delivery. Among the few advances in the composition of skin substitutes is the inclusion of endothelial cells to provide a pathway for vascularisation by the host system.     

Anti-Melanogenic Potentials of Nanoparticles from Calli of Resveratrol-Enriched Rice against UVB-Induced Hyperpigmentation in Guinea Pig Skin

We already reported that genetically engineered resveratrol-enriched rice (RR) showed to down-regulate skin melanogenesis. To be developed to increase the bioactivity of RR using calli from plants, RR was adopted for mass production using plant tissue culture technologies. In addition, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) was used to increase the biocompatibility and penetration of the calli from RR into the skin. We aimed to develop anti-melanogenic agents incorporating calli of RR (cRR) and nanoparticles by high-pressure homogenization, examining the synergistic effects on the inhibition of UVB-induced hyperpigmentation. Depigmentation was observed following topical application of micro-cRR, nano-calli of normal rice (cNR), and nano-cRR to ultraviolet B (UVB)-stimulated hyperpigmented guinea pig dorsal skin. Colorimetric analysis, tyrosinase immunostaining, and Fontana-Masson staining for UVB-promoted melanin were performed. Nano-cRR inhibited changes in the melanin color index caused by UVB-promoted hyperpigmentation, and demonstrated stronger anti-melanogenic potential than micro-cRR. In epidermal skin, nano-cRR repressed UVB-promoted melanin granules, thereby suppressing hyperpigmentation. The UVB-enhanced, highly expressed tyrosinase in the basal layer of the epidermis was inhibited by nano-cRR more prominently than by micro-cRR and nano-cNR. The anti-melanogenic potency of nano-cRR also depended on pH and particle size. Nano-cRR shows promising potential to regulate skin pigmentation following UVB exposure.     

Bone tissue engineering - a field for new medicinal products?

It was only in December 2008 that the European Union regulated the approval procedure for tissue engineered products (TEPs). Due to this regulation, TEP is classified as an advanced therapy medicinal product and as such may be recognized as a tool in pharmaceutical biotechnology. This paper gives a short review of the concept, the experimental evaluation and the clinical potency of tissue engineering (TE), with a particular focus on bone tissue engineered products. After a period of great enthusiasm about TE at the end of the 20th century a slight disappointment followed in the early 2000s. The review refers also to the continuously growing scientific interest, accompanied by the still modest representation of TEPs on the medical market. Some remarks are given on a bench-to-clinic road, including criticism concerning data originating from animal experiments. An attempt is made to foresee the still promising future of bone tissue engineered products (BTEPs) in practical use.     

Use of genetically modified viruses and genetically engineered virus-vector vaccines: environmental effects

Despite major therapeutic advances, infectious diseases remain highly problematic. Recent advancements in technology in producing DNA-based vaccines, together with the growing knowledge of the immune system, have provided new insights into the identification of the epitopes needed to target the development of highly targeted vaccines. Genetically modified (GM) viruses and genetically engineered virus-vector vaccines possess significant unpredictability and a number of inherent harmful potential hazards. For all these vaccines, safety assessment concerning unintended and unwanted side effects with regard to targeted vaccinees has always been the main focus. Important questions concerning effects on nontargeted individuals within the same species or other species remain unknown. Horizontal transfer of genes, though lacking supportive experimental or epidemiological investigations, is well established. New hybrid virus progenies resulting from genetic recombination between genetically engineered vaccine viruses and their naturally occurring relatives may possess totally unpredictable characteristics with regard to host preferences and disease-causing potentials. Furthermore, when genetically modified or engineered virus particles break down in the environment, their nuclei acids are released. Appropriate risk management is the key to minimizing any potential risks to humans and environment resulting from the use of these GM vaccines. There is inadequate knowledge to define either the probability of unintended events or the consequences of genetic modifications. The objective of this article is to highlight the limitations in environmental risk assessment and raise awareness of the potential risks involving the use of genetically modified viruses and genetically engineered virus-vector vaccines.     

Microvesicating effects of sulfur mustard on an in vitro human skin model

Bis-(β-chloroethyl) sulfide (SM) is a potent skin vesicant previously used for chemical warfare. Progress in determination of the mechanistic basis of SM pathology, and development of prophylactic and/or therapeutic countermeasures to SM exposure has been hampered by lack of physiologically relevant models of human skin. The current work evaluated a newly developed tissue engineered full-thickness human skin model in a completely in vitro approach to investigation of SM-induced dermal pathology. The model was first characterized with regard to overall morphology, lipid composition, basement membrane (BM) composition and ultrastructural features that are important targets of SM pathologic activity. Well-developed BM ultrastructural features were observed at the dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ), thus demonstrating successful resolution of a primary deficiency of models previously evaluated for SM studies. Studies were then conducted to evaluate histopathological effects of SM on the model. Good replication of in vivo effects was observed, including apoptosis of basal keratinocytes (KC) and microblister formation at the DEJ. Tissue engineered skin models with well-developed basement membrane structures thus appear to be useful tools for in vitro mechanistic studies of SM vesicant activity and development of preventive/therapeutic approaches for SM pathology.     

小型香猪复方壳多糖组织工程皮肤的构建及组织学特点

目的评价制备的小型香猪复方壳多糖组织工程皮肤在组织学方面的特性,为其修复皮肤缺损创面提供实验依据。方法采用传代培养的角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞作为种子细胞,I型胶原作为真皮基质。采用气—液界面方式进行培养,通过苏木精—伊红(HE)染色、比较小型香猪的体外构建组织工程皮肤与正常皮肤的组织学特征,包括表皮、真皮结构。结果制备的复方壳多糖组织工程皮肤表皮细胞增殖活跃,分层分化良好,厚约150μm,真皮层细胞生长正常,排列有序,与机体皮肤结构相似。结论复方壳多糖组织工程皮肤组织结构良好,符合新型皮肤替代物在治疗皮肤缺损时的组织学要求。     

组织工程骨神经化构建的影像学研究

目的通过影像学观察不同神经束植入组织工程骨后对成骨活动的影响,探讨组织工程骨神经化构建的方法。方法将新西兰大白兔的骨髓基质干细胞(Bone marrow stromal cells,BMSCs)进行诱导分化为成骨细胞,与β-磷酸三钙(β-tricalcium phosphate,β-TCP)复合制作组织工程骨,分别将不同类型神经束植入组织工程骨,进行以下分组:A组,组织工程骨组;B组,感觉神经束植入组;C组,运动神经束植入组;D组,血管束(含有自主神经)植入组;E组,感觉、运动神经束联合植入组。分别用于修复兔股骨1.5cm骨缺损;各组分别在术后4、8、12周进行放射学检查,并在12周进行大体标本、骨密度检测用以比较骨缺损修复情况。结果在观察期内,有感觉神经植入的组别和血管束植入的组别具有明显的促组织工程骨骨化作用,而运动神经束植入却没有明显的促进作用。结论感觉神经束和血管束具有明显的促组织工程骨成骨作用,可以作为组织工程骨神经化构建的一种方法。