电子支气管镜下行胸膜活检对不明原因的胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的探讨电子支气管镜替代胸腔镜对于不明原因胸腔积液病因诊断中的应用价值。方法利用电子支气管镜替代胸腔镜,对其他检查诊断不明的20例胸腔积液患者,开展电子支气管镜替代胸腔镜胸腔探查术,并同时进行胸膜活检。结果经胸腔镜活检病原学确诊率达到80%。临床确诊率达到100%。结论利用电子支气管镜替代胸腔镜开展胸腔探查术和胸膜活检,确诊率高,并发症少,费用不高,值得推广。     

电子支气管镜代替胸腔镜在恶性胸腔积液中应用价值

目的探讨电子支气管镜代替胸腔镜在恶性胸腔积液中的应用价值。方法51例不明原因恶性胸腔积液均采用电子支气管镜代替胸腔镜进行检查,其中32例采取胸腔粘连术,评价其诊疗效果。结果49例获得组织学诊断,准确率为96.1%,30例胸腔粘连术疗效满意,满意率93.8%。结论电子支气管镜代替胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液患者检查操作简便,创伤小,诊断率高,胸腔粘连疗效良好,有较高的应用价值。     

内科胸腔镜对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值分析

目的分析内科胸腔镜对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法对2012年3月至2015年10月在我院就诊的不明原因胸腔积液患者253例进行内科胸腔镜检查,观察镜下改变,结合病理检查结果进行诊断,观察记录患者并发症发生情况。结果以病理检查结果为准,不明原因胸腔积液患者253例中,经内科胸腔镜检查确诊236例,确诊率为93.28%;其中恶性肿瘤124例,结核性胸膜炎74例,结缔组织疾病伴胸腔积液9例,肺炎旁胸腔积液9例,脓胸3例,乳糜胸1例,非特异炎症16例,未能确诊17例。检查过程中,出现胸腔穿刺出血18例;行病理活检患者均少量出血、出现痛感,但均可以忍受而无需处理;术后23例患者发热38℃左右,对症处理后均在3 d内缓解。结论针对不明原因的胸腔积液患者采用内科胸腔镜检查诊断,确诊率高、安全性好,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

纤支镜代胸腔镜诊断病因不明的胸腔积液

目的探讨纤维支气管镜代胸腔镜诊断原因不明的胸腔积液。方法利用国产纤支镜对3例胸腔积液患者局麻下行胸腔检查并取活检。结果肺腺癌胸膜转移1例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤1例,胸膜结核肉芽肿1例。结论以纤维支气管镜代替胸腔镜行胸腔镜检创伤小,费用低,简便易操作。对原因不明胸腔积液者查明病因提供了一种有效的诊断方法。便于在基层医院推广。     

可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用价值。方法采用尖端可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜（LTF-240型）对92例不明原因的胸腔积液患者进行检查,并回顾性分析其临床资料。结果92例患者均成功实施了胸腔镜检查,胸腔镜下病理组织活检确诊恶性肿瘤30例、结核性胸膜炎57例、慢性炎症5例。肿瘤和结核病理结果确诊率为94．6％。恶性胸腔积液主要表现为结节样改变,部分病灶融合成肿块。而结核性胸膜炎主要为胸膜弥漫性充血肿胀,结节病灶细小呈卵石样改变,可见坏死物覆盖。92例胸腔镜检查仅1例出现胸膜反应,无严重并发症发生。结论可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜检查安全、有效、易操作。     

内科胸腔镜联合快速现场评估对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 探讨内科胸腔镜联合快速现场评估(ROSE)对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值及临床应用.方法 回顾性分析98例不明原因胸腔积液患者的临床资料,其中内科胸腔镜联合ROSE检查的患者52例,未联合ROSE检查的患者46例.比较两组患者胸膜活检情况、二次检查率、并发症发生率、诊断率,分析ROSE结果 与术后病理一致性及ROS...     

可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的了解可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用价值。方法自2005年7月至2007年3月，应用可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜对我院呼吸科病房中60例不明原因的胸腔积液患者进行胸腔镜检查，其中男36例，女24例。对所有通过胸腔积液常规、生化、微生物学及细胞学等实验室检查或通过诊断性抗结核治疗仍不能明确其积液原因的患者进行内科胸腔镜检查。结果经检查，60例不明原因的胸腔积液患者中恶性肿瘤32例（53％），结核16例（27％），阴性结果或慢性炎症5例（8％），肺炎合并胸膜炎4例（7％），粘连严重未能看到胸壁者3例（5％）。恶性肿瘤中肺腺癌最常见。术后并发症中伤口疼痛最常见，对症治疗可缓解。未出现肺水肿、感染、拔管延迟等并发症。结论可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜是一项简单、安全、有效的检查方法。在临床上，可帮助我们进一步明确胸腔积液的病因，特别是对于不明原因的胸腔积液。     

内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的 分析内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的价值及其安全性.方法 对我院呼吸内科及重症医学科2010年4月至2013年4月收治的92例不明原因胸腔积液患者行内科胸腔镜检查,观察胸膜病变,直视下病变处多部位活检并行病理检查.结果 92例胸腔积液患者确诊84例,诊断阳性率为91.3％,其中恶性胸腔积液48例,结核性胸腔积液29例,非特异性炎症4例,化脓性胸膜炎2例,结节病1例,病因不明8例,术后疼痛11例,发热3例,出血1例.结论 内科胸腔镜检查有助于进一步明确不明原因胸腔积液的病因,且患者耐受性好、安全、有效,值得临床推广应用.     

纤支镜代胸腔镜对疑难胸水病因的诊断价值

目的探讨纤支镜代胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的价值。方法收集我院2006～2010年住院66例原因不明的胸腔积液患者行纤支镜代胸腔镜检查术,观察胸膜病变及直视下取病变组织行病理检查。结果 66例胸膜腔积液患者,确诊58例(88%),8例(12%)未能确诊病因,术中术后所有病例均无严重并发症。结论纤支镜代胸腔镜检查对胸腔积液病因诊断是一种患者耐受性好且安全、有效、诊断率高的检查方法,值得临床推广应用。     

内科胸腔镜对不明原因胸腔积液诊断价值 及恶性胸腔积液镜下表型特征

目的探讨内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的临床应用价值及恶性胸腔积液的镜下表型特征。方法回顾性分析2015年1月-2018年1月我科98例不明原因胸腔积液患者胸腔镜活检病理结果、恶性胸腔积液镜下表型特征、围手术期并发症及胸水腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)、癌胚抗原(carcino-embryonic,CEA)和血CEA的结果。结果 98例不明原因胸腔积液中确诊89例,确诊率达90. 82%;其中恶性胸腔积液36例,确诊率为94. 74%,镜下主要表现为:正常者1例,溃疡糜烂样病变2例,孤立性结节1例,粟粒样结节2例,多发结节27例,多发结节至弥漫性白斑样病变3例;胸腔镜检查术后疼痛18例、皮下气肿5例、发热4例。结核性胸腔积液胸水ADA较高,而胸水及血CEA在恶性胸腔积液浓度较高(P均0. 05)。结论内科电子胸腔镜具有微创、安全、高效的特点,对不明原因胸腔积液具有较高的诊断价值;恶性胸腔积液具有特征性镜下表型特征,正确识别恶性胸腔积液胸膜病变在内科胸腔镜下的表现对术中指导多点活检,尽早明确诊断具有重要意义。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.