腺苷脱氨酶诊断结核性胸膜炎价值的再评价

目的 探讨胸腔积液和血清中腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)对鉴别结核性胸膜炎及恶性胸腔积液的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析91例经内科胸腔镜胸膜活检病理确诊为结核性胸腔积液(结核组49例)和恶性胸腔积液(恶性组42例)患者的胸腔积液及血清中ADA活性,应用受试者工作曲线(ROC曲线)确定结核性胸膜炎患者胸腔积液ADA的最佳临界值.结果 结核组胸腔积液ADA活性和胸腔积液ADA与血清ADA比值分别为(46±26)U/L和4.1±4.0,明显高于恶性组的(16±8)U/L和1.7±1.2,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为7.383和3.852,均P＜0.01),结核组和恶性组的血清ADA活性分别为(13±5)U/L和(12±6)U/L,差异无统计学意义(t=1.582,P＞0.05).应用ROC曲线确定胸腔积液ADA诊断结核性胸膜炎的最佳临界值为28.7 U/L,灵敏度为75.5%,特异度为95.2%.结论 胸腔积液ADA活性可以作为鉴别结核性和恶性胸腔积液的重要指标,对结核性胸膜炎有较高的临床诊断价值,而血清ADA活性对鉴别两者无临床意义.     

胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶对不同年龄段结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值研究

目的探讨胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)对不同年龄段的结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2010年5月至2016年4月经内科胸腔镜下活检明确诊断为结核性胸腔积液或恶性胸腔积液病例共592例,分为青年组、中年组和老年组,根据受试者工作曲线(ROC曲线)确定诊断结核性胸膜炎的ADA最佳临界值,并分析性别、年龄对ADA的影响。结果结核性胸腔积液的ADA水平在青年组、中年组和老年组均高于恶性胸腔积液,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。胸腔积液ADA的水平与患者性别无关(P0.05);不同年龄组的胸腔积液ADA不全相同(P0.05),进一步两两比较,任两组间差异均有统计学意义;进一步相关分析,ADA与年龄的相关系数为-0.682,表明ADA与年龄呈负相关。作ROC曲线,ADA诊断结核性胸腔积液的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.984,最佳临界值为28.5 U/L,其灵敏度为94.06%,特异度为98.94%。分别作青年组、中年组和老年组的ROC曲线,AUC分别为0.984、0.975和0.969,ADA最佳临界值为37.5 U/L、26 U/L和26 U/L。结论胸腔积液ADA对结核性胸膜炎的诊断有帮助,随着年龄增大ADA水平下降,根据ROC曲线选择最佳ADA临界值较使用传统的ADA临界值,也许能提高结核性胸膜炎诊断的准确性。     

胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶对内科胸腔镜检查临床病例选择的意义

目的 探讨胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)对内科胸腔镜检查临床病例选择的意义.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年4月经内科胸腔镜检查的不明原因胸腔积液患者198例,分为青年组、中年组和老年组,以胸腔积液ADA≥45 U/L或ADA≥45 U/L联合淋巴细胞占白细胞比例≥50％作为诊断结核性胸膜炎的标准,确定其敏感度和特异度,并分析性别、年龄对ADA的影响.结果 内科胸腔镜对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断率为98.9％.胸腔积液ADA≥45 U/L诊断结核性胸膜炎的敏感度68.7％,特异度88.1％;胸腔积液ADA≥45 U/L联合淋巴细胞占白细胞比例≥50％诊断结核性胸膜炎的敏感度70.2％,特异度96.3％,尤其是在青年组,其诊断特异度达100％.结论 对于不明原因胸腔积液的青年患者,如果胸腔积液ADA≥45 U/L且淋巴细胞占白细胞比例≥50％,可考虑诊断性抗结核治疗;对中老年不明原因胸腔积液,建议常规行内科胸腔镜检查,避免误诊.     

白介素27和腺苷脱氢酶单独及联合检测对结核性胸膜炎诊断价值

目的 探讨白介素27((interleukin-27,IL-27)和腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)单独检测及两者联合检测结果对结核性胸膜炎和恶性肿瘤所致胸腔积液的鉴别诊断价值。方法 选取2017年12月1日至2018年7月29日福建省福州肺科医院收治的胸腔积液患者101例,通过闭式胸膜活检、内科胸腔镜检查获得病理学证据或者痰/胸腔积液分枝杆菌培养阳性及菌种鉴定结果。根据诊断结果分为结核性胸膜炎患者61例(结核组);恶性肿瘤所致胸腔积液患者40例(恶性组),其中肺黏膜相关淋巴瘤1例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤1例,肺黏液表皮样癌1例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例,小细胞肺癌3例,肺腺癌33例。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两组患者胸腔积液中的IL-27和ADA的含量并进行统计学分析。应用受试者工作曲线(ROC)确定IL-27和ADA检测结果对鉴别结核性胸膜炎与恶性肿瘤所致胸腔积液的最佳临界值,并进一步分析IL-27与ADA联合检测(串联试验、并联试验)对于诊断结核性胸膜炎的价值。结果 结核组患者胸腔积液中检测到的IL-27和ADA浓度分别为[409.48(229.04,954.97)]ng/L和(45.88±14.33)U/L,明显高于恶性组[分别为115.74(77.72,161.97)ng/L和10.50(7.00,15.00)U/L],差异均有统计学意义(Z=3.139,P<0.01;t=4.006,P<0.01)。绘制ROC曲线确定IL-27鉴别结核性胸腔积液与恶性胸腔积液诊断的最佳临界值为176.31ng/L,敏感度和特异度分别为85.25% (52/61)和82.50% (33/40);ADA鉴别结核性胸腔积液与恶性胸腔积液诊断的最佳临界值为28U/L,敏感度和特异度分别为93.44% (57/61)和87.50% (35/40)。串联试验方法联合检测,特异度(95.00%,38/40)较单独检测IL-27(82.50%,33/40)及单独检测ADA(87.50%,35/40)均明显升高,并有较好的敏感度(81.97%,50/61);并联试验方法联合检测,敏感度(96.72%,59/61)较单独检测IL-27(85.25%,52/61)及单独检测ADA(93.44%,57/61)均明显升高,但特异度较低(75.00%,30/40)。结论 胸腔积液中IL-27和ADA对结核性胸膜炎的诊断均有较高价值;IL-27和ADA串联试验有助于结核性和恶性肿瘤所致胸腔积液的鉴别诊断。     

干扰素γ、白细胞介素12及腺苷脱氨酶同工酶对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的　研究胸腔积液中干扰素γ(IFN γ)和白细胞介素 12 (IL 12 )的浓度及腺苷脱氨酶同工酶 (ADA2 )的活性三者在结核性胸腔积液诊断中的临床价值。方法　以 2 0 0 2年 3月～ 2 0 0 3年2月期间在北京大学人民医院、北京胸科医院、北京结核病胸部肿瘤研究所等医院的未经治疗的胸腔积液患者为研究对象 ,其中结核性胸腔积液 14 1例、恶性胸腔积液 4 9例。应用酶速率法检测胸腔积液标本中腺苷脱氨酶 (ADA)、ADA2 的活性 ,酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA)检测IFN γ和IL 12的浓度。比较两组胸腔积液中ADA和ADA2 活性 ,以及IFN γ和IL 12浓度之间的区别。结果　 (1)结核性胸腔积液组ADA、ADA2 活性分别为 (5 1 6± 10 9)U/L和 (4 7 9± 6 9)U/L ,恶性胸腔积液组ADA、ADA2 活性分别为 (2 0 4± 4 4 )U/L、(13 2± 3 2 )U/L ,结核性胸腔积液组的ADA、ADA2 活性显著高于恶性胸腔积液组 (P <0 0 1)。结核性胸腔积液组IFN γ和IL 12浓度分别为 (112 1± 4 5 8)ng/L及 (10 4 3± 32 3)ng/L ,恶性胸腔积液组IFN γ和IL 12浓度分别为 (2 4 8± 5 9)ng/L和 (6 1 8±10 8)ng/L ,结核性胸腔积液组的IFN γ和IL 12浓度水平显著高于恶性胸腔积液组 (P <0 0 1,0 0 5 ) ;(2 )ROC曲线分析结果 ,IFN γ以 6 1 7ng/L为诊     

胸腔积液中ADA活性的深入分析

目的探讨胸腔积液中腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)的特点及临床价值。方法分析200例已确诊患者的胸腔积液中ADA活性,明确ADA与疾病及患者年龄、性别的关系;应用ROC曲线确定ADA的最佳临界值。结果胸腔积液患者中男性与女性ADA的差异无显著性;不同年龄段患者ADA活性并无显著性差异;结核组胸腔积液ADA活性显著高于非结核组;胸腔积液ADA诊断结核性胸膜炎的最佳诊断界值为18U/L,敏感度95%,特异度90%。结论胸腔积液患者ADA活性不受年龄及性别的影响,对结核性胸膜炎有较高的临床诊断价值。     

ADA、IFN-γ在鉴别诊断结核性和恶性胸腔积液中的价值

目的探讨ADA(腺苷脱氨酶)、IFN-γ(γ-干扰素)在鉴别诊断结核性和恶性胸腔积液中的价值。方法对40例结核性胸腔积液患者(结核组),40例恶性胸腔积液患者(肿瘤组),分别在治疗前抽取适量胸腔积液,进行ADA活性、IFN-γ浓度测定。结果结核性胸腔积液中ADA活性、IFN-γ浓度显著高于恶性胸腔积液,差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。根据ROC(受试者工作特征)曲线评价ADA、INF-γ在鉴别诊断结核性胸腔积液和恶性胸腔积液中的价值,ADA、IFN-γ临界值分别为29.85U/L,151.77ng/L,其诊断结核性胸腔积液的敏感性分别为82.5%,92.5%,特异性为92.5%,95%,准确性为93.7%,98.5%。结论ADA、IFN-γ可作为诊断结核性胸腔积液的可靠指标,且IFN-γ具有更高的诊断能效。     

腺苷脱氨酶在胸腔积液中的临床诊断意义

目的研究腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)在胸腔积液中的临床诊断意义。方法用酶联分析法测定胸腔积液中ADA的数值。根据最终诊断结果,300例患者分成2组:(1)结核性胸腔积液组:150例,(2)非结核性胸腔积液组:150例。结果非结核性胸腔积液组中7例(4.7%)的ADA>25U/L。所有患者的ADA<45U/L。结核性胸腔积液中143例(95.3%)的ADA>25U/L,114例(76%)的ADA>45U/L,以ADA>45U/L为诊断标准,ADA诊断结核性胸腔积液的灵敏度为76%,特异度100%。结论ADA可作为一种诊断结核性胸腔积液辅助手段。     

胸水和血清ADA、TB-Ab-IgG联合检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断探讨

目的 探讨胸水/血清腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、结核抗体(TB-Ab-IgG)联合检测对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值.方法 采用斑点金免疫渗滤试验(DIGFA)和酶连续监测法对234例胸腔积液进行胸水/血清ADA和TB-Ab-IgG检测结果进行分析.结果 结核性胸膜炎患者174例其胸水、血清中TB-Ab-IgG的阳性率分别为62.0%和70.1%,特异性分别为93.1%(56/60)和86.6%(52/60).ADA活性在结核性和癌性胸腔积液中分别为(59.58±29.85)U/L和(15.31±7.36)U/L(P<0.01).以P-ADA>40 U/L做为诊断结核的临界值,其敏感性为79.3%,特异性为86.4%;以P-ADA/S-ADA>1为临界值,其敏感性为97.7%,特异性为95.5%.结论 胸水和血清ADA、TB-Ab-IgG联合检测在结核性胸膜炎与非结核性胸膜炎上具有诊断与鉴别诊断价值.     

白介素18和腺苷脱氢酶联合检测鉴别结核性和恶性胸腔积液的价值

目的 探讨白介素18(IL-18)和腺苷脱氢酶(ADA)联合检测鉴别结核性和恶性胸腔积液的价值.方法采用ELISA法、酶速率法检测19例结核性和25例恶性胸腔积液患者胸水中IL-18及ADA水平,并利用SPSS11.0软件进行ROC曲线分析得出它们在鉴别结核性和恶性胸腔积液中的最适临界值,并计算出相应的敏感度、特异度、准确度.结果结核性胸腔积液患者IL-18及ADA水平明显高于恶性胸腔积液(P＜0.01),以358 pg/ml、33 U/L为IL-18、ADA为鉴别诊断结核性和恶性胸腔积液的最适临界值,其敏感度、特异度及准确度均＞80%.结论 IL-18和ADA可作为诊断结核性和恶性胸腔积液的有效参考指标.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.