持续气道正压通气和N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗对OSAHS患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-2水平的影响

目的探讨血清基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)发病的关系,持续气道正压(CPAP)通气和N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)治疗对血清MMP-2水平的影响。方法利用酶联免疫吸附法对30例轻度OS-AHS患者(轻度OSAHS组)、68例中重度OSAHS患者(中重度OSAHS组)和22名健康者(正常对照组)血清中MMP-2的水平进行检测;对其中40例中重度OSAHS患者进行CPAP治疗,20例中重度OSAHS患者口服NAC治疗,1月后复测其血清MMP-2的水平。结果①与正常对照组相比,OSAHS患者血清中MMP-2的水平增高(F=3.756,P=0.021);②40例中重度OSAHS患者在CPAP治疗后和20例中重度OSAHS患者在口服NAC后血清中MMP-2的水平均明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.369、2.116,P均<0.05)。结论 OSAHS患者血清中MMP-2水平升高,与OSAHS的发病可能相关;CPAP和NAC治疗可使OSAHS患者血清MMP-2水平下降。     

经鼻持续气道正压通气对脑血管病并中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者基质金属蛋白酶9和肿瘤坏死因子α的影响研究

目的探讨经鼻持续气道正压通气(n CPAP)对脑血管病并中重度阻塞性呼吸睡眠暂停综合征(OSAS)患者基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的影响。方法选取2011年7月—2012年7月雅安市人民医院收治的脑血管病患者68例,根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为轻度OSAS组和中重度OSAS组,每组34例;另选取同期在本院体检中心体检的健康成年人31例作为对照组。脑血管病患者均持续接受n CPAP治疗3个月,比较3组受试者血清MMP-9和TNF-α水平,轻度OSAS组和中重度OSAS组患者治疗后3个月及1、2、3年脑血管病复发率。结果轻度OSAS组、中重度OSAS组患者血清MMP-9水平高于对照组(P0.05),而轻度OSAS组与中重度OSAS组患者血清MMP-9水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。3组受试者血清TNF-α水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后中重度OSAS组患者血清MMP-9水平、AHI低于治疗前(P0.05),而血清TNF-α水平与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。中重度OSAS组患者治疗后3个月及1、2、3年脑血管病复发率均低于轻度OSAS组(P0.05)。结论 nCAPAP可有效降低脑血管病并中重度OSAS患者血清MMP-9水平,降低脑血管病复发率。     

OSAHS患者呼出气冷凝液中MMP-9的变化

目的观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者呼出气冷凝液(EBC)中基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)的变化。方法选取男性40例OSAHS患者为实验组,30例年龄、体重指数等均相匹配的健康查体者为对照组,用ELISA检测EBC中MMP-9水平。结果和对照组比较,OSAHS组EBC中MMP-9明显升高,有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。MMP-9与AHI呈正相关,与最低SaO2负相关(P均0.05)。结论OSAHS患者EBC中MMP-9水平可反映OSAHS病情的严重程度。     

CPAP短期治疗对OSAHS患者认知障碍及胰岛素样生长因子-1水平的影响

目的 观察持续气道正压通气(CPAP)短期治疗对阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者认知障碍及血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平的影响.方法 选择确诊为中重度OSAHS患者14例为研究组,15例健康志愿者作为对照组.两组患者均进行简易智能状态量表(MMSE)评分和血清IGF-1水平检测,研究组患者经过连续4天CPAP治疗后再次行MMSE评分及IGF-1水平检测.结果 研究组呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),MMSE总分、MMSE亚组(短时记忆、注意与计算、图形描画)分值、最低SaO2(SpO2LOW)、血清IGF-1水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01).14例研究组患者经过4晚CPAP治疗后,MMSE总分、MMSE亚组(短时记忆、注意与计算)分值及血清IGF-1水平明显升高(P<0.01).结论 CPAP短期治疗在防治OSAHS 引起的认知功能障碍方面有一定的作用.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血清YKL-40变化及其临床意义

目的观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（0SAHS）患者血清YKL-40水平,探讨YKL-40与0SAHS的关系。方法 38例多导睡眠图确诊的OSAHS患者,按照呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）分为轻度组（n=10）,中度组（n=10）,重度组（n=18）。另选15例年龄和体重指数（BMI）匹配的健康者作为对照组。对重度OSAHS组患者进行一夜持续气道内正压（CPAP）治疗。结果重度OSAHS组血清YKL-40水平显著高于中度组、轻度组及对照组（P〈0.01）,中度组高于轻度组（P〈0.05）及对照组（P〈0.01）,轻度组与对照组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。持续气道内正压（CPAP）治疗可使OSAHS患者血清YKL-40水平明显下降（P〈0.01）。结论 0SAHS患者血清YKL-40水平升高,且与OSAHS严重程度有关,CPAP治疗可以降低血清YKL-40水平。     

正压通气治疗对OSAHS患者EBC和血清中去甲肾上腺素水平的影响

目的探讨auto—CPAP治疗对OSAHS患者交感神经兴奋性的影响。方法根据PSG确诊的42例OSAHS患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,对治疗组进行auto—CPAP治疗,对所有患者采取常规治疗,测定治疗组及对照组治疗前后EBC和血清中的NE。结果（1）治疗组患者EBC和血清中NE治疗前高于治疗后（P〈0．01）;（2）对照组患者EBC和血清中NE治疗前后无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;（3）OSAHS患者EBC和血清中NE水平与AHI呈正相关关系,与LPS02、MPS02呈负相关关系（P〈0．叭）。结论OSAHS患者常伴有交感神经兴奋性的增强,并且可以通过auto．CPAP治疗得以改善。     

CPAP治疗对OSAHS及其合并高血压患者CRP和IL-6的影响

目的观察持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)及其合并高血压患者血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的影响。方法选择39例中、重度OSAHS患者和20例对照者进行血清CRP和IL-6水平的检测;对39例OSAHS患者进行CPAP治疗并检测治疗前后血清CRP和IL-6水平。比较OSAHS及合并高血压患者血清CRP和IL-6水平与对照者有无差别以及CPAP治疗后对OSAHS及合并高血压患者血清CRP和IL-6水平有无影响。结果单纯OSAHS组及OSAHS合并高血压组的血清CRP及IL-6水平均高于对照组(P0.05),OSAHS合并高血压组血清CRP及IL-6高于单纯OSAHS组(P0.05),OSAHS患者的血清CRP及IL-6水平分别与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)呈正相关(r1=0.6 8 3、r2=0.6 0 7,P0.0 1)。经CPAP治疗后单纯OSAHS组及OSAHS合并高血压组血清CRP及IL-6水平较治疗前明显降低(P0.05)。结论 OSAHS患者血清CRP和IL-6增高,存在炎症反应,CPAP治疗能降低患者血清CRP和IL-6的水平,减轻OSAHS患者机体的炎症反应。     

持续正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血清胱抑素C及瘦素水平的影响

目的:探讨持续正压通气(CPAP)治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血清胱抑素C及瘦素水平的影响。方法:选取30例OSAHS且行CPAP治疗的患者为观察组,32例同期健康体检患者为对照组。测定观察组患者CPAP治疗前、后的基础代谢水平、血清胱抑素C及瘦素水平,并与对照组进行比较。结果:OSAHS患者经CPAP治疗后,基础代谢水平明显降低,血清胱抑素C及瘦素水平较治疗前显著下降,且接近对照组水平(P0.05)。结论:CPAP治疗可有效改善OSAHS患者的基础代谢水平,并有助于降低血清胱抑素C及瘦素水平,减缓患者病情恶化。     

持续气道正压通气治疗对OSAHS患者呼出气冷凝液和血清中瘦素水平的影响

目的 探讨自动调节持续气道正压通气(auto-CPAP)治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者呼出气冷凝液(EBC)和血清中瘦素水平的影响.方法 根据多导睡眠监测确诊的42例中重度OSAHS患者,随机分为治疗组22例和对照组20例,对治疗组进行三个月auto-CPAP治疗,对治疗组和对照组患者均采取常规治疗,分别测定治疗组及对照组三个月前后EBC和血清中的瘦素.结果 ①治疗组患者EBC和血清中瘦素治疗前[(5.67±1.07) μg/L、(40.20±5.40)μg/L]高于治疗后[(3.75±1.09)μg/L、(30.46±5.82)μg/L](P＜0.01);②对照组患者EBC和血清中Lep治疗前为[(5.52±1.14) μg/L、(42.19±4.96) μg/L],治疗后为[(5.95±1.26) μg/L、(42.69±4.33)μg/L],治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);③OSAHS患者EBC和血清中瘦素水平与呼吸暂停低通气指数呈正相关(r=0.787,P＜0.01; r=0.775,P＜0.01),与最低血氧饱和度、平均血氧饱和度呈负相关(r=-0.829,P＜0.01;r=0.794,P＜0.01)、(r=-0.890,P＜0.01;r=-0.830,P＜0.01).结论 OSAHS患者存在高瘦素血症,auto-CPAP治疗可以改善OSAHS患者的高瘦素血症.     

CPAP治疗对OSAHS患者血清8-isoprostane、8-OHdG水平的影响

目的观察OSAHS患者一夜CPAP治疗后血清8-isoprostane、8-OHdG的水平变化。方法选择经PSG检查确诊的OSAHS患者10例纳入治疗组(OSAHS组)及非OSASH患者10例纳入正常对照组(非OSAHS组),(1)比较OSAHS患者与非OSAHS患者血清8-isoprostane、8-OHdG水平差异;(2)治疗组给予夜间CPAP干预,对照比较患者予以CPAP治疗的前后血清中8-isoprostane、8-OHdG水平的变化。结果 (1)OSAHS组血清8-isoprostane、8-OHdG均高于非OSAHS组(P0.05);(2)10例OSAHS患者经1晚CPAP治疗后血清8-isoprostane、8-OHdG水平较治疗前无显著变化(P0.05)。结论在OSAHS患者体内存在氧化应激反应,短期的CPAP治疗对此反应无改善作用,需进行长期CPAP治疗。     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和外源基因的导入

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白基因转染骨髓间质干细胞的可行性。方法采用F icoll-PaqueTMP lus淋巴细胞分离液,根据细胞密度梯度原理,分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rM SC s)并进行体外原代培养和传代扩增,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,免疫细胞化学法对其初步鉴定。流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观,具有较强的生长增殖能力;细胞均一表达CD44、CD54、CD106、CD29抗原。电穿孔法转染rM SC s转染率为32.8%±3%。结论采用比重为1.077 g/L的F icoll-PaqueTMP lus能分离获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经原代培养和传代培养能够迅速扩增。电穿孔法具有较高的介导外源基因表达于rM SC s的效率。