良恶性胸腔积液中SiSo细胞表达的受体结合肿瘤抗原的测定及其临床意义

SiSo细胞表达的受体结合肿瘤抗原(RCAS1)是一种新型的肿瘤相关抗原,可在多种肿瘤组织中高表达,且与肿瘤的低分化、恶性程度密切相关[1].以往对RCAS1的研究大多集中在肿瘤组织学方面,本研究通过检测胸腔积液中RCAS1水平,探讨RCAS1对良恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的价值.     

单核细胞趋化蛋白-1与恶性胸腔积液

单核细胞趋化蛋白-1可促进癌细胞生长、转移及逃避机体免疫破坏,诱导肿瘤新生血管形成,增加血管通透性和参与肿瘤相关炎症反应.本文从恶性胸腔积液的发病机制着手,重点阐述单核细胞趋化蛋白-1在恶性胸腔积液发生、发展中的作用.     

血管内皮生长因子与恶性胸腔积液的关系

临床上恶性胸腔积液是肿瘤常见的并发症,多项研究表明血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在恶性胸腔积液中明显升高,其调控肿瘤的生长、血管的密度和渗透性及肿瘤的转移,从而影响恶性胸腔积液的产生.VEGF通过不同机制调控血管的通透性,还与炎症、凝血等途径相互作用.VEGF联合其他指标可作为辅助诊断及鉴别诊断的依据,同时部分VEGF/VEGFR对恶性胸腔积液有明确疗效.     

血清及胸腔积液CEA检测联合细胞染色体分析在老年患者恶性胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的 探讨血清及胸腔积液癌胚抗原（CEA）检测联合细胞染色体分析在老年患者恶性胸腔积液诊断中的应用价值.方法 收集不明原因胸腔积液老年患者48例,按组织病理学诊断结果分为恶性胸腔积液组28例和良性胸腔积液组20例.检测两组患者血清、胸腔积液中的CEA,并对其胸腔积液中的细胞染色体进行分析.结果 单纯采用细胞染色体分析确诊恶性胸腔积液的灵敏度为61％、特异度为95％,血清及胸腔积液CEA检测联合细胞染色体分析确诊恶性胸腔积液的灵敏度为86％、特异度为100％,两者相比,P均＜0.05.结论 血清及胸腔积液中CEA的检测对诊断恶性胸腔积液具有一定价值,尤其胸腔积液CEA,联合细胞染色体分析对诊断恶性胸腔积液的灵敏度和特异度升高.     

肺癌患者胸水CA125、CEA测定及其临床意义

目的　探讨 CA1 2 5、CEA在良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的价值。方法　对 36例恶性胸腔积液、34例良性胸腔积液于治疗前同时抽取血清及第一次胸腔积液标本进行 CA1 2 5、CEA测定。结果　恶性胸腔积液组血清和胸腔积液 CA1 2 5、CEA测定值高于良性胸腔积液组 (P<0 .0 1)。 CA1 2 5敏感度 5 8.3% (2 3/36 ) ,特异度 88.2 % (30 /34) ;CEA敏感度 6 8.3% (2 3/36 ) ,特异度 85 .3% (2 9/34)。CA1 2 5和 CEA联合检测敏感度 72 .2 % ,特异度 94 .1%。结论　胸腔积液 CA1 2 5和 CEA联合检测对恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值更大。     

改良式胸腔闭式引流术患者胸水培养及涂片找细菌结果分析

目的了解改良式胸腔闭式引流术致医院感染情况。方法在持续引流胸水中的第4天,对42例罹患胸腔积液患者的胸水进行细菌培养及涂片,其中,结核性胸腔积液26例,恶性胸腔积液16例,16例恶性胸腔积液患者在持续引流胸水中的第8天再多行1次胸水培养及涂片找细菌。结果 42例患者胸水的细菌培养结果为无细菌生长,涂片未找到细菌,16例恶性胸腔积液患者第8天再多行1次的胸水细菌培养结果亦为无细菌生长,涂片亦未找到细菌。结论改良式胸腔闭式引流术操作简便、痛苦少、过程快、创伤小,在预防医院感染方面有其优点。     

白介素18和腺苷脱氢酶联合检测鉴别结核性和恶性胸腔积液的价值

目的 探讨白介素18(IL-18)和腺苷脱氢酶(ADA)联合检测鉴别结核性和恶性胸腔积液的价值.方法采用ELISA法、酶速率法检测19例结核性和25例恶性胸腔积液患者胸水中IL-18及ADA水平,并利用SPSS11.0软件进行ROC曲线分析得出它们在鉴别结核性和恶性胸腔积液中的最适临界值,并计算出相应的敏感度、特异度、准确度.结果结核性胸腔积液患者IL-18及ADA水平明显高于恶性胸腔积液(P＜0.01),以358 pg/ml、33 U/L为IL-18、ADA为鉴别诊断结核性和恶性胸腔积液的最适临界值,其敏感度、特异度及准确度均＞80%.结论 IL-18和ADA可作为诊断结核性和恶性胸腔积液的有效参考指标.     

力尔凡治疗恶性胸腔积液88例

胸部恶性肿瘤常见的并发症之一是恶性胸腔积液.胸腔积液常压迫心脏和肺脏,产生胸闷、呼吸困难、憋气等临床症状,还引起低蛋白血症、电解质紊乱、严重脱水等并发症,若不及时处理,会严重影响患者的生活质量及生命健康.临床上常见的治疗恶性胸腔积液的措施是局部使用相关药物减少积液产生、促进积液的排出.目前治疗恶性胸腔积液的药物主要包括化疗药物、生物制剂、免疫药物及中药.顺铂是临床上治疗肺癌常见的药物,而力尔凡是常见的治疗胸腔积液的一种生物制剂.为探讨力尔凡治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床效果和不良反应,本研究总结并分析了2012年1月至2014年2月来我院采用力尔凡联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液患者的临床资料及,报道如下.     

内科胸腔镜对不明原因胸腔积液诊断价值 及恶性胸腔积液镜下表型特征

目的探讨内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的临床应用价值及恶性胸腔积液的镜下表型特征。方法回顾性分析2015年1月-2018年1月我科98例不明原因胸腔积液患者胸腔镜活检病理结果、恶性胸腔积液镜下表型特征、围手术期并发症及胸水腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)、癌胚抗原(carcino-embryonic,CEA)和血CEA的结果。结果 98例不明原因胸腔积液中确诊89例,确诊率达90. 82%;其中恶性胸腔积液36例,确诊率为94. 74%,镜下主要表现为:正常者1例,溃疡糜烂样病变2例,孤立性结节1例,粟粒样结节2例,多发结节27例,多发结节至弥漫性白斑样病变3例;胸腔镜检查术后疼痛18例、皮下气肿5例、发热4例。结核性胸腔积液胸水ADA较高,而胸水及血CEA在恶性胸腔积液浓度较高(P均0. 05)。结论内科电子胸腔镜具有微创、安全、高效的特点,对不明原因胸腔积液具有较高的诊断价值;恶性胸腔积液具有特征性镜下表型特征,正确识别恶性胸腔积液胸膜病变在内科胸腔镜下的表现对术中指导多点活检,尽早明确诊断具有重要意义。     

胸腔内中心静脉导管置入术并腔内化疗治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床价值

我国每年约有672万胸腔积液患者，恶性胸腔积液占28．2％，其具有积液生长迅速、代谢旺盛等特点。可直接影响呼吸循环功能而危及生命。因此，控制胸腔积液生长是提高生活质量和延长生命的重要治疗措施。宣化钢铁公司职工医院自2003年9月～2007年2月采用胸腔内中心静脉导管置入术并腔内灌注自介素-2及顺铂治疗肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液，疗效显著，现报告如下。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.