准分子激光角膜屈光性手术治疗近视的疗效分析

对准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｃｅｃｔｏｍｙ，ＰＲＫ）和准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（ｌａｓｅｒｉｎｓｉｔｕｋｅｒａｔｏｍｉｌｅｕｓｉｓ，ＬＡＳＩＫ）治疗近视的疗效进行对比研究。方法，对术前近视度为－１．５０Ｄ－２０．００Ｄ的患者的６００只眼，接近视度分为三组：中低度近视组（－１．５０Ｄ－－６．００Ｄ）２３４只眼，１９４眼行ＰＲＫ手术，４０眼行ＬＡＳＩＫ手术，高     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视后角膜地形图分析

目的 探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视后角膜地形图变化。方法 对５５例（１０５只眼）近视患者行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（ｌａｓｅｒ ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕ ｋｅｒａｔｏｍｉｌｅｕｓｉｓ,ＬＡＳＩＫ）后进行角膜地形图检查,分析术后１周、１个月及３个月角膜地形图改变。结果 ＳＲＩ、ＳＡＩ较手术前明显升高,ｓｉｍｋ较术前降低,且角膜地形图呈椭圆或圆形（３９．２％）,哑铃形（分对称不对称）（２６．５％）,半不形（２１．４％）,不规则形（１２．３％）,中央小岛形（１２．９％）。结论 各种形状对手术效果无影响,且随时间延长ＳＡＩ、ＳＲＩ值呈下降趋势,考虑与视力回退有关。     

准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术与激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗中低度近视的对比

目的对准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ，ＰＲＫ）和准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（ｌａｓｅｒａｓｓｉｓｔｅｄｉｎｓｉｔｕｋｅｒａｔｏｍｉｌｌｅｕｓｉｓ，ＬＡＳＩＫ）治疗中、低度近视的疗效进行前瞻性对比研究。材料和方法术前屈光度为－１．２５～－６．００Ｄ的近视５６９只眼，其中１３７只眼接受ＬＡＳＩＫ手术，４３２只眼接受ＰＲＫ手术，随访６－１６个月（平均８．９±２．６个月）。在术后１周、１个月、３个月、６个月和１２个月复查。结果ＬＡＳＩＫ组术后屈光状态较ＰＲＫ稳定，回退幅度较ＰＲＫ小，术后６个月时，ＬＡＳＩＫ组和ＰＲＫ组分别有９４％和８７％屈光度在±１．００Ｄ内（ｐ＜０．０５），分别有８４％和７１％屈光度在±０．５０Ｄ以内（ｐ＜０．０１）。ＬＡＳＩＫ组术后视力恢复较ＰＲＫ快，术后１周的平均裸眼视力超过１．０，术后６个月时，ＬＡＳＩＫ和ＰＲＫ组中裸眼视力０．５或以上者分别占１００％和９４％（ｐ＜０．０１），裸眼视力１．０以上者分别占８６％和７２％（ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＬＡＳＩＫ不仅适合治疗高度近视，也适合治疗中、低度近视。对于中、低度近视，ＬＡＳＩＫ的疗效优于ＰＲＫ。     

准分子激光角膜切削术治疗近视的疗效分析

近年来,准分子激光角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｆ－ｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ,ＰＲＫ）治疗近视的效果已被公认。我院眼科中心从１９９６年１２月～１９９８年３月用准分子激光治疗近视及近视散光共１３６２只眼,现将疗效及随访结果报告如下。１　资料与方法１－１　一般资料　１９９６年１２月至１９９８年３月在本院接受治疗患者１３６２只眼,随诊１ａ以上１０２５只眼。性别：男性５６９只眼,占４１－８％,女性７９３只眼,占５８－２％－年龄：１８～４８ａ,平均２６－０５±７－１２ａ。屈光度按等值球镜分为３组。…     

多区域准分子激光角膜切削术治疗近视

本文报导了多区域准分子激光角膜切削术治疗近视的疗效。１５０眼随访满６月，中低度近视组（≤－６．０Ｄ）８４眼，高度近视组（－６Ｄ～－１２Ｄ）６６眼。术后半年总体平均裸眼视力达到１．０７±０．２８；１４４眼（９６．０％）最终屈光度在±１．０Ｄ以内，其中中低度近视组８４眼（１００％）、高度近视组６０眼（９０．９％）。术后疗效高于单区域ＰＲＫ文献报导，尤其是高度近视术后稳定性及预测性明显提高     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗重度近视临床观察

目的研究准分子激光角膜磨镶术（ＬＡＳＩＫ）治疗重度近视的效果。方法对２６８眼（１４５例）－１２．００～－２９．００Ｄ的重度近视患者进行ＬＡＳＩＫ手术治疗并随访１２个月。结果术后１２个月视力≥术前矫正视力者占９４．８％，术后屈光度在±２．００Ｄ以内占９５．５％，术后１２个月与术后６个月的平均屈光度相比较，经统计学处理无显著差异。结论ＬＡＳＩＫ是治疗重度近视的有效方法，且稳定性和预测性好     

准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术治疗近视,近视散光2年结果分析

为了评价准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术治疗近视、近视散光的疗效。应用美国ＶＩＳＸ２０／２０型准分子激光仪,采用多削区治疗近视屈光度为－１．７５～－１６．００Ｄ的患者,观察２年以上,按术前球镜屈光度分为二组,Ⅰ组为－１．７５～６．００Ｄ（１２１眼）,Ⅱ组为－６．２５～－１６．００Ｄ（８６眼）。术后２年裸眼视力≥０．５者在Ⅰ、Ⅱ组中分别为９５．９％、７０．９％,≥１．０者分别为７３．６％、３４．９％。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组中屈光度在±１．００Ｄ以内者分别为９１．７％、６２．８％。角膜上皮下混浊０度在Ⅰ、Ⅱ组中分别为８７．６％、６６．３％,２级以上分别为０、１．２％。眼压均正常。结论：准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术对低、中、高度近视、近视散光均取得良好的远期效果,但对低、中度近视效果更佳,对高度近视预测性较差。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视的并发症

目的 分析准分子原位角膜磨镶术（ｅｘｃｉｍｅｒ ｌａｓｅｒ ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕ ｋｅｒａｔｏｍｉｌｕｓｉｓ,ＬＡＳＩＫ）治疗近视的并发症,探讨其发生原因及预防措施。方法 ６６２例（１２６５只眼）近视患者（－２．００～２５．００Ｄ）按屈光度分为３组：Ａ组７２６只眼,≤－６．００Ｄ;Ｂ组２８７只眼,－６．２５～－１０．００Ｄ）;Ｃ组２５２只眼,〉－１０．００Ｄ;行ＬＡＳＩＫ后均随访１２个月,观察及分析其并     

准分子激光屈光性角膜手术后角膜知觉的改变

目的观察和分析准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ，ＰＲＫ）和准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（ｌａｓｅｒｉｎ－ｓｉｔｕｋｅｒａｔｏｍｉｌｅｕｓｉｓ，ＬＡＳＩＫ）治疗近视后角膜知觉的变化。方法对２３１例（３８７只眼）近视患者施行ＰＲＫ，对４８２例（７９６只眼）施行ＬＡＳＩＫ进行治疗。对术后角膜知觉不同时期的变化进行检查、分析。结果ＰＲＫ和ＬＡＳＩＫ术后早期角膜知觉均明显下降，尤以ＰＲＫ明显。ＰＲＫ术后角膜知觉在术后６个月才能恢复，ＬＡＳＩＫ术后角膜知觉约在术后１个月即恢复。结论ＰＲＫ术后角膜知觉的恢复比ＬＡＳＩＫ慢。     

PRK后近视回退的LASIK再矫正

为探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（ｅｘｃｉｍｅｒＬａｓｅｒｉｎｓｉｔｕｋｅｒａｔｏｍｉｌｅｕｓｉｓＬＡＳＩＫ）在准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏｒｅ－ｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙＰＲＫ）治疗中、高度近视后，屈光回退的疗效，用波长１９３ｎｍ的ＡｒＦ准分子激光对２７人（４８眼）行ＰＲＫ后屈光回退的患眼，再行ＬＡＳＩＫ，其中４眼在ＰＲＫ后１０个月施行，４４眼在ＰＲＫ后１年～１年半施行。结果：ＰＲＫ术后屈光回退为－１．７５Ｄ～１２．２５Ｄ平均为－５．４４Ｄ±３．０９Ｄ；再手术后，随访３～１０个月，４３眼的屈光度在±１．００Ｄ之内，５眼有－３．００Ｄ的欠矫。４５眼的裸眼视力达到或超过术前矫正视力，３眼低于术前矫正视力。结论：ＰＲＫ后的屈光回退可行ＬＡＳＩＫ再矫正，手术方法与第一次行ＬＡＳＩＫ完全相同，再次手术时间应在ＰＲＫ后一年以上。     

Photorefractive keratectomy for residual myopia after cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, predictability, and safety of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correcting residual myopia and myopic astigmatism after cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. SETTING: Refractive Surgery and Cornea Unit, Instituto Oftalmológico de Alicante, Alicante, Spain. METHODS: Thirty consecutive eyes (30 patients) had PRK for residual myopia after cataract surgery. Surface PRK with a VISX Twenty-Twenty excimer laser was used in all patients. Follow-up was 1 year. RESULTS: Before PRK, no eye had an uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/40 or better. Twelve months after PRK, 16 eyes (53.33%) had a UCVA of 20/40 or better. After PRK, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved 1 line or more in 14 eyes (46.66%) over the preoperative values, and 15 eyes (50.00%) had the same BCVA as before PRK. Mean pre-PRK refraction of -5.00 diopters (D) +/- 2.50 (SD) decreased significantly to -0.25 +/- 0.50 D at 12 months (P < .001). At 12 months, the spherical equivalent was within +/- 1.00 D of emmetropia in 27 eyes (90.00%). No vision-threatening complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Photorefractive keratectomy was an effective, predictable, and safe procedure for correcting residual myopia and myopic astigmatism after cataract surgery.     

Eight-year follow-up of photorefractive keratectomy for myopia

PURPOSE: We evaluated 8-year results of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia in terms of stability and late complications. METHODS: Ninety-two myopic eyes of 55 patients were treated with a single-step method using an Aesculap-Meditec MEL 60 excimer laser with a 5.0-mm ablation zone. Treated eyes were divided into three groups according to preoperative refraction: low myopes (< or = -6.00 D), medium myopes (-6.10 to -10.00 D), and high myopes (>-10.00 D). RESULTS: Change in myopic regression stabilized in all myopia groups within 12 months, although a small myopic shift occurred up to 8 years after PRK. Mean change in refraction between 2 and 8 years was -0.42 +/- 0.48 D for low myopes, -0.37 +/- 0.34 D for medium myopes, and -0.41 +/- 0.50 D for high myopes. The percentage of eyes within +/- 1.00 D of emmetropia 8 years after PRK was 78.3% in the low myopia group, 68.8% in the medium myopia group, and 57.1% in the high myopia group. One eye lost 2 lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity due to irregular astigmatism. In 13.0% of eyes, a residual trace corneal haze was observed, which had no effect on visual acuity. Apart from the loss of 2 lines of BSCVA in one eye, there were no other late complications during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The mean change in refraction between 2 and 8 years was less than -0.50 D, regardless of preoperative refraction, and may be attributed to natural age-related refractive change. The appearance of residual corneal haze after 8 years correlated with the amount of myopic correction. PRK was a safe and stable surgical procedure in this group of patients.     

Predictability and outcomes of photoastigmatic keratectomy using the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of astigmatic correction on the accuracy of the myopic and astigmatic correction in patients having photorefractive astigmatic keratectomy (PARK) and in those having photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). SETTING: Specialist excimer laser refractive clinic. METHODS: This prospective consecutive case series comprised 6097 eyes with a preoperative mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of -4.63 diopters (D) +/- 1.95 (SD) (range -0.75 to -13.00 D) and a mean cylinder of -1.13 +/- 0.73 D (range -0.50 to -6.00 D) having PARK with a Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser. Visual and refractive outcomes were assessed 12 months postoperatively and compared with those in 3004 eyes that had spherical PRK. RESULTS: At 12 months, the MSE was -0.02 +/- 0.79 D and the mean cylinder was -0.49 +/- 0.47 D in the PARK group; the MSE was -0.07 +/- 0.66 D in the PRK group. An MSE within +/-0.05 D of emmetropia was achieved by 69.8% and within +/-1.00 D, by 87.9%. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/20 or better in 42.6% and 20/40 or better in 91.2%. Statistical significance (P <.001, analysis of variance) was achieved for MSE, sphere, cylinder, haze, and visual acuity (best corrected [BCVA] and UCVA) based on the preoperative cylinder. The loss of BCVA varied from 1.1% to 5.8% depending on the degree of astigmatism treated. Accuracy varied with the attempted myopic correction and the attempted astigmatic correction. CONCLUSIONS: Excimer laser PARK was an effective treatment for compound myopic astigmatism, but predictability decreased and complications increased as the attempted astigmatic correction increased.     

Laser subepithelial keratomileusis for myopia of -6 to -10 diopters with astigmatism with the MEL60 laser

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, and safety of laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for treatment of high myopia with astigmatism. METHODS: LASEK was performed in 61 eyes of 36 consecutive patients with myopic spherical equivalent refraction of -6.00 to -10.00 D using the Aesculap-Meditec MEL60 excimer laser. Data were collected prospectively with a follow-up of 6 to 17 months. Main outcome measures recorded were UCVA, BSCVA, residual refractive error, corneal haze, and complications. RESULTS: Ninety-six percent of eyes achieved 20/40 or better UCVA at 1 month. At 12 months, 64% of eyes achieved 20/20 and 92% achieved 20/40 or better UCVA. Two eyes lost 2 lines of BSCVA at 6 or 12 months. Accuracy of correction was +/- 0.50 D from emmetropia in 82% of eyes, and +/- 1.00 D in 90% at 12 months. No eye showed more than grade 1 haze. Grade 1 haze was observed in three eyes at 12 months. One patient had mild postoperative keratitis, which was successfully treated. CONCLUSIONS: LASEK with the Aesculap-Meditec MEL60 excimer laser appeared to be safe, effective, and highly predictable in treating high myopia.     

Nomogram adjustment of laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and myopic astigmatism with the Alcon LADARVision system

PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual and refractive results of conventional (non-wavefront) laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism using the Alcon LADARVision 4000 excimer laser system and nomogram adjustment techniques. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 499 eyes that had LASIK for myopia and myopic astigmatism was performed. Preoperative manifest spherical equivalent refraction ranged from -0.43 to -6.00 D and preoperative astigmatism ranged from 0 to -4.75 D. Patients were evaluated during 3 months following surgery. RESULTS: One month after surgery, 72% of eyes examined (298/415 eyes) had uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or better. Three months after surgery, 83% of eyes examined (216/261 eyes) had UCVA of 20/20 or better. One and three months after surgery, 82% and 83% of eyes, respectively, were within +/-0.50 D of attempted correction; 97% of eyes were within +/-1.00 D at both 1 and 3 months. No eye lost more than 1 line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) at 3 months after surgery. At the 3-month examination, 83% of eyes had UCVA better than or equal to preoperative BSCVA. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional LASIK to correct myopia and myopic astigmatism was safe and effective using the Alcon LADARVision 4000 excimer laser system. Outcomes were substantially improved throughout development of an accurate nomogram, derived from continually updated regression analysis of previous refractive results.     

Topical thiotepa treatment for recurrent corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy

PURPOSE: To describe the use of topical thiotepa in the treatment of recurrent haze after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). SETTING: Gimbel Eye Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. METHODS: Five patients with recurrent haze after myopic PRK were retreated with phototherapeutic keratectomy and topical thiotepa. Before retreatment, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged from 20/40 to 20/200. Follow-up ranged from 3 to to15 months. RESULTS:Haze, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and BCVA improved in all patients. Three eyes had a UCVA of 20/20(-2) or better and a BCVA of 20/20(-1) or better. The other 2 eyes experienced regression of the myopia and astigmatism and had a BCVA of 20/25(-1) or better. CONCLUSION: Topical thiotepa appeared to be an effective treatment for recurrent corneal haze following myopic PRK.     

丝裂霉素抑制PRK后haze形成及屈光回退的研究

目的评价在高度近视的PRK手术中预防性使用丝裂霉素（MMC）抑制术后角膜上皮下混浊（haze）和屈光回退的效果，以寻求更佳的屈光手术方式。方法将不宜接受LASIK手术的高度近视患者（－6．0～－10．0D）按协议随机分为研究组40例（80眼）和对照组38例（76眼），研究组患者在PRK手术中使用0．02％丝裂霉素，对照组患者采用常规的PRK手术，术后两组用药方案一样，评价术后角膜上皮下混浊（haze）、角膜上皮修复、屈光状态、裸眼视力，矫正视力、角膜内皮细胞改变等情况。结果研究组未出现一眼2级或2级以上haze，无一眼出现术后最佳矫正视力下降，术后达到最佳矫正视力所需屈光改变小于－0．5D有70眼；对照组有26眼出现2级或2级以上haze，有14眼出现术后矫正视力下降，术后达到最佳矫正视力所需屈光改变小于－0．5D有37眼。研究组与对照组的差异有显著性。使用丝裂霉素未见明显毒副作用。结论PRK手术中预防性使用0．02％丝裂霉素，对术后减少角膜雾状混浊，防止屈光回退，改善裸眼视力和最佳矫正视力，是安全有效的。     

Epi-LASEK for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism

PURPOSE: To analyze patient results after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (epi-LASEK) for myopia and myopic astigmatism. SETTING: Private practice setting, Columbus, Ohio, USA. METHODS: Three hundred forty-three eyes of 188 patients with myopia or myopic astigmatism were prospectively evaluated after having epi-LASEK by a single surgeon using the VISX Star S2 excimer laser. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), manifest refraction, postoperative pain, time to epithelial healing, and postoperative haze were recorded. The patients were followed for up to 6 months. RESULTS: The mean preoperative sphere and cylinder were -5.42 diopters (D) +/- 2.62 (SD) (range -1.0 to -14.0 D) and 0.87 +/- 0.75 D (range 0 to 4.75 D), respectively. At 1 week, the mean UCVA was 20/30. At 6 months, it was 20/40 or better in 98% of patients. At 3 months, 78% and 92% of patients were within +/-0.5 D and +/-1.0 D, respectively, of the intended correction. This improved to 85% and 94%, respectively, at 6 months. The mean time to epithelial healing was 4.76 days (range 3 to 9 days). Most patients (87%) reported no postoperative pain. In the first 3 months, haze was noted in 1.6% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Epi-LASEK appeared to be a safe and effective treatment for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism. Most patients achieved postoperative visual acuities comparable to those with laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy. There was a low incidence of haze and pain postoperatively.     

PRK+MMC与LASEK治疗高度近视效果比较

目的比较PRK术中预防性使用丝裂霉素C（MMC）治疗高度近视和LASEK治疗高度近视的疗效.方法将高度近视（-6.0～-10.0D）随机分为PRK＋MMC组40例（80眼）和LASEK组38例（76眼）.另以早年PRK手术屈光状态与之相似的40例（80眼）作为对照.PRK＋MMC组在PRK术中使用0.02%MMC,LASEK组采用常规LASEK,评价术后角膜上皮下雾状浑浊（haze）,屈光回退、视力及角膜内皮细胞改变等情况.结果PRK＋MMC组未出现2级或2级以上haze,无术后矫正视力下降者,术后欠矫小于-0.5D者70眼;LASEK组有6眼出现2级及2级以上haze,有6眼出现术后矫正视力下降,术后欠矫小于-0.5D者56眼.两组的差异有显著性.使用MMC未见明显毒副作用.结论PRK术中预防性使用MMC,在术后减少haze、防止屈光回退、改善视力方面较LASEK为优.     

影响准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术疗效的多因素分析

目的:观察准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(PRK)治疗近视、散光的疗效,探讨影响疗效的相关因素。方法:采用VISX20/2O型准分子激光仪对306例(529眼)近视、散光患者进行PRK手术。术前等值球镜屈光度为-1.00～16.00D(-6.55±3.19D),分为两组:Ⅰ组:-1.00～6.00D,294眼;Ⅱ组:-6.25～16.00D,235眼。随访3～12个月。结果:术后12个月,裸眼视力≥0.5、1.0者在Ⅰ组分别为97.5％、77.5％,在Ⅱ组分别为80.3％、32.8％;实际矫正度在预测矫正度±1.00D内者在Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别为92.5％、42.6％。影响术后屈光度变化的因素:术后角度上皮下雾状混浊(Haze)程度、去上皮的方法、眼压、术前中央角膜厚度。结论:PRK治疗-6.00D以内的近视是一种安全、稳定、预测性强、有效的方法。术前应根据屈光度、年龄、角膜厚度、眼压、设计手术方案,术中强调采用激光去除上皮。眼科学报1997;13:75～78