中,老年男性糖尿病阳萎患者小血板功能,血栓素B2和6—酮—前列…

测定３２例糖尿病阳萎者１１例无阳萎者血小板最大聚集率（ＭＡＲ），血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）和６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α），并与正常人对照，结果表明，糖尿病有无阳萎组ＭＡＲ，ＴＸＢ２及ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α比值均高于正常组（Ｐ〈０．０５～０．０１），而６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α水平低下（Ｐ〈０．０１），糖尿病阳萎组这些指标变化更为明显，与无阳萎组比较，阳萎组ＭＡＲ及ＴＸＢ     

晚期血吸虫病患者血浆TXB2和6—keto—PGF1a测定及其意义

用放射免疫法测定３７例晚期血吸虫病（晚血）患者和３０例正常人血浆ＴＸＢ２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ。结果晚血患者ＴＸＢ２显著降低（Ｐ〈０．００１），而６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ，则显著增高（Ｐ〈０．００１）。其中晚血出血患者ＴＸＢ２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ的变化更显著。晚血患者平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）显著低于正常人，且ＭＡＰ与６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ呈负相关。提示晚血患者体内ＴＸＡ２－ＰＧＩ２平衡失调     

急性心肌梗塞患者血小板膜表面抗人活化血小板α颗粒膜蛋白血浆凝血噁烷B_2、6－酮－前列腺素F_（1α）的动态变化及其临床意义

采用血小板膜表面抗人活化血小板α颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）单克隆抗体ＳＺ－５１，以放射免疫法，检测２４例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者发病１周内的血小板膜表面ＧＭＰ－１４０、血浆凝血烷Ｂ_２（血栓素Ｂ_２，ＴＸＢ_２）和６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ_（１α）（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α））的动态变化，并与２０例健康人对照。ＡＭＩ的ＧＭＰ－１４０、ＴＸＢ_２和６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）在发病早期已明显增高，４８ｈ达高峰，以后呈逐渐下降的规律性变化，这表明ＡＭＩ早期，血小板高度活化。ＴＸＢ_２和６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）与ＧＭＰ－１４０正相关。梗塞范围广、病情重时，这三项指标增高更为显著。这提示，检测上述指标对监护病情，以及评估预后可能有辅助参考价值，并为发病早期选用抗血小板活性药物提供了客观依据。     

不同类型冠心病患者冠状循环中血小板功能及前列腺素的变化

于４７例受试对象，同时采集冠状静脉窦（ＣＳ）及升主动脉（Ａｏ）血进行血浆及血清凝血烷Ｂ２（血栓素Ｂ２，ＴＸＢ２）及６─酮─前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）的测定，部分患者同时进行了血浆环磷酸腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）及血小板聚集性测定。结果表明，不稳定性心绞痛（ＵＡ）患者及急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）患者血浆ＴＸＢ２ＣＳ／Ａｏ比值明显高于正常对照组及稳定性心绞痛（ＳＡ）患者。ＳＡ、ＵＡ及ＡＭＩ患者血清ＴＸＢ２ＣＳ／Ａｏ比值均明显低于正常对照组。ＵＡ患者血浆ｃＡＭＰＣＳ／Ａｏ比值明显低于ＳＡ及正常对照组，ＵＡ与正常对照比较其ＣＳ中血小板聚集性明显低于Ａｏ中者。结果提示，ＵＡ及ＡＭＩ患者冠状循环中血小板明显激活，凝血烷Ａ２（血栓素Ａ２，ＴＸＡ２）大量释放。     

晚期血吸虫病患者血浆TXB_2和6－keto－PGF_（1a）测定及其意义

用放射免疫法测定３７例晚期血吸虫病（晚血）患者和３０例正常人血浆ＴＸＢ２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ。结果晚血患者ＴＸＢ２显著降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）．而６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ则显著增高（Ｐ＜０．００１）。其中晚血出血患者ＴＸＢ２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ的变化更显著。晚血患者平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）显著低于正常人，且ＭＡＰ与６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ呈负相关。提示晚血患者体内ＴＸＡ２－ＰＧＩ２平衡失调，与患者体循环和内脏循环血液动力学变化及出血的病理过程有关。     

老龄大鼠脑缺血再灌注前列腺素和β-内啡肽的变化

目的 血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）与前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）平衡失调和β－内啡肽（β－ＥＰ）的变化方面研究老龄大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制。方法 青年大鼠（５月龄）和老龄大鼠（２０月龄以上）均分为模型组和正常对照组，观察大鼠全脑缺血再灌注后ＴＸＡ２与ＰＧＩ２和β－ＥＰ含量。结果 青年对照组血浆血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）水平低于老年对照组和青年模型组。青年对照组血浆６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）高于青年模型组，而低于老龄对照组；老龄模型组高于青年模型组。青年模型组血浆ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α高于青年对照组和老龄模型组。青年模型组脑组织ＴＸＢ２高于青年对照组，而低于老龄模型组。老龄对照组脑组织６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α高于青年对照组，老龄模型组高于青年模型组。老龄对照组脑组织ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧ     

肝损伤小鼠肝组织氧化／抗氧化平衡的变化及其与TXA2／PGI2？…

目的：探讨氧自由基（ＯＦＲ）及ＴＸＡ２－ＰＧＩ２在实验性肝损伤中的作用。方法：检测肝损伤小鼠肝组织过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）含量以及血浆ＴＸＡ和ＰＧＩ２浓度。结果：与对照组比较肝损伤小鼠ＬＰＯ明显升高、ＳＯＤ明显降低，当归可逆转ＬＰＯ和ＳＯＤ的变化；肝损伤小鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２高于对照组，其浓度与肝细胞ＬＰＯ含量呈正相关（ｒ＝０．９５，Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：ＯＦＲ与ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２     

糖尿病患者血管病变与血小板活化功能状态的关系

测定了７０例糖尿病（ＤＭ）患者的血小板活化状态指标（血小板ＧＭＰ－１４０、血浆ＴＸＢ２、血浆６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α），并一３０例健康人做对照。结果ＤＭ有血管病变者（ＤＭＩ组），的血小板ＧＭＰ－１４０、血浆ＴＸＢ２明显高于对照组，及无血管病变者（ＤＭⅡ组，Ｐ〈０．０５）；血浆６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α明显低于对照组，提示ＤＭ患者体内血小板处于活化状态，且此变化在血管病变发生前即已出现，血管病变发生后更为明显，其     

原发性肝细胞癌患者转化生长因子β1的基因表达及临床意义

目的研究转化生长因子β１（ＴＧＦβ１）ｍＲＮＡ在原发性肝细胞癌患者中的表达及其临床意义。方法用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ加ＤｏｔＢｌｏｔ法检测原发性肝细胞癌患者肝组织和外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）中ＴＧＦ－β１ｍＲＮＡ水平，并以正常肝组织和正常人的ＰＢＭＣ为对照。结果ＴＧＦ－β１ｍＲＮＡ水平在原发性肝细胞癌患者组肝组织（２．２２±０．８４，ｎ＝１６）和ＰＢＭＣ中（１．８３±１．２，ｎ＝２５）比较，差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５），但两者均高于正常肝组织（０．９４±０．７６，ｎ＝５）和正常人的ＰＢＭＣ（０．６２±０．４０，ｎ＝１６）水平。结论ＴＧＦ－β１ｍＲＮＡ水平与原发性肝细胞癌有关，ＰＢＭＣ中ＴＧＦ－β１ｍＲＮＡ检测可望作为一项代替肝组织活检的指标，其表达水平与肝癌有关。     

纤溶系统缺陷在运动诱发心绞痛中的临床意义及机理探讨

本研究对经冠状动脉（冠脉）造影确定冠脉狭窄≥５０％的冠心病（ＣＨＤ）患者１８例，对照组１１例，采用平板运动试验诱发心绞痛（ＡＰ），同步检测运动前后血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔＰＡ）及其抑制物（ＰＡＩ）、纤维蛋白原（Ｆｇ）、血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）、６－酮类固醇－前列腺素Ｆ１０（６－ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１０）、肾素活性（ＰＲＡ）及血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）的变化，并根据平板运动试验结果将ＣＨＤ患者分为ＡＰ、非ＡＰ及阴性三组（各６例）进行比较。结果表明：ＡＰ组运动前后血浆Ｆｇ、ＰＡＩ活性、ＴＸＢ２、ＡｎｇⅡ水平均显著高于非ＡＰ组、阴性组及对照组，并且运动后的血浆ＴＸＢ２、ＡｎｇⅡ水平增加更显著；而运动前后的血浆ｔ－ＰＡ含量及活性水平却结果相反。揭示，基础水平血浆ｔ－ＰＡ活性低、ＰＡＩ活性高的ＣＨＤ患者，其血浆ＴＸＢ２、ＡｎｇⅡ水平亦高，ｔ－ＰＡ的促血小板解聚作用减弱，剧烈运动易进一步强烈激活血小板及肾素－血管紧张素系统诱发ＡＰ发作。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.