初诊前列腺癌~(11)C-胆碱PET/CT显像的临床价值初探

目的应用~(11)C-胆碱PET/CT技术对前列腺癌进行显像,以同层臀大肌SUVmax值为背景取其比值SUVmax—P/M值作为描述前列腺癌病灶胆碱摄取的指标,分析其与患者肿瘤病理分级及分期情况的相关性,以期对~(11)C-胆碱核素显像技术在前列腺癌的诊治中的应用价值进行初步探讨。方法共计39例前列腺癌患者纳入本项研究,均经组织活检术证实为前列腺癌。平均年龄67.3岁,其中Ⅱ期患者15例,Ⅲ期患者8例,Ⅳ期患者16例。将~(11)C-胆碱PET/CT结果,包括前列腺病灶SUVmax以及SUVmax—P/M值,与患者临床病理资料结果的关系进行统计学分析。结果前列腺癌病灶SUVmax值平均为9.41±7.20(1.66~24.65),SUVmax—P/M值平均为4.37±1.51(1.16~7.48)。如以SUVmax—P/M值2.3为诊断前列腺癌的界值,其诊断敏感度为87.2%(34/39)。Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期患者间SUVmax值与SUVmax—P/M值均无显著的统计学差(SUVmax,P=0.203;SUVmax—P/M,P=0.360),但两者在Ⅳ期患者中均显著升高(SUVmax,P=0.041;SUVmax—P/M,P=0.012)。SUVmax值与SUVmax—P/M值与Gleason积分相关系数分别为0.144和0.287,均无明显相关性。但是在Gleason积分7(4+3)分及以上的患者组的SUVmax—P/M值为显著地高于Gleason积分7(3+4)分及以下的患者组(P=0.021),而两组的SUVmax值无明显差异(P=0.193)。结论以同层肌肉SUVmax值校正后的前列腺癌病灶胆碱摄取值SUVmax—P/M值与前列腺癌分期、G1eason积分均有一定的相关性,能较好反映前列腺癌的肿瘤生物学行为,具有很高的临床应用价值。     

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT在前列腺癌术前诊断及手术策略制订中的应用

目的评估⁶⁸Ga标记的前列腺特异性膜抗原(⁶⁸Ga-PSMA)PET/CT对前列腺癌的诊断效能,并探讨⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT对术前制订保留血管神经束(NVB)和淋巴结清扫策略的指导作用。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2019年10月中国医学科学院肿瘤医院行⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT检查的46例初诊疑似前列腺癌患者的临床资料。中位年龄66.50(60.00,69.25)岁,中位前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)值15.97(8.58,33.10)ng/ml。46例中,41例⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT检查诊断为肿瘤,6例诊断有淋巴结转移;5例诊断为前列腺增生或前列腺炎。46例中40例同期行mpMRI检查,33例诊断为肿瘤,6例诊断有淋巴结转移;46例中17例同期行^11C-胆碱PET/CT检查,12例诊断为肿瘤,4例诊断有淋巴结转移。41例PSMA-PET/CT诊断为前列腺癌的患者中,高危22例,中危19例;其中37例行mpMRI检查,15例行^11C-胆碱PET/CT检查。41例均行根治性前列腺切除术。根据⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT显示的肿瘤位置,术前制订NVB处理策略:若肿瘤邻近前列腺单侧包膜,则保留健侧的NVB;若肿瘤局限于前列腺内,则保留双侧NVB。共16例保留了NVB(单侧6例,双侧10例)。对中高危组患者常规行淋巴结清扫。采用配对χ²检验或Fisher精确检验比较⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT、mpMRI、^11C-胆碱PET/CT对病灶检出的敏感性和特异性。采用Spearman相关分析检测⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT的SUV_max值与Gleason评分和治疗前PSA值的相关性。结果 41例行根治术患者术后病理确诊为前列腺癌,手术切缘均未见癌组织;中位Gleason评分8(7,9)分;病理分期20例≤pT_2c期,21例≥pT₃期;7例淋巴结阳性(11枚阳性淋巴结)。术后30 d内7例(17.1%)发生并发症,Clavien-Dindo分级均≤2级。41例术后随访中位时间16(12,20)个月,术后1、6、12个月分别有19例(46.3%)、39例(95.1%)、41例(100.0%)恢复控尿。5例未行手术的患者中,4例行抗生素治疗后PSA下降;1例PSA未下降者行穿刺活检,病理未见癌。⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT诊断前列腺癌的敏感性为100.0%(41/41),显著优于^11C-胆碱PET/CT[80.0%(12/15),P=0.016]和mpMRI[83.7%(31/37),P=0.009];特异性为100.0%(5/5),与^11C-胆碱PET/CT[100.0%(2/2),P=1.000]和mpMRI [33.3%(1/3),P=0.107]的差异均无统计学意义。41例中,⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT诊断淋巴结转移的敏感性[71.4%(5/7)]与^11C-胆碱PET/CT的差异无统计学意义[75.0%(3/4),P=1.000],与mpMRI的差异有统计学意义[16.7%(1/6),P=0.016]。Gleason评分≥8分与<8分患者⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT的原发灶SUV_max值分别为19.60(9.58,24.38)与8.55(5.18,12.88);治疗前PSA值≥20 ng/ml与<20 ng/ml患者的SUV_max值分别为19.40(13.00,23.5)与8.40(5.35,13.95),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT对前列腺癌原发病灶诊断的敏感性高、特异性高,术前可根据PSMA PET/CT显示的肿瘤位置,制订是否保留NVB的处理策略;但其对淋巴结转移灶诊断的敏感性还不足以指导术前制订淋巴结清扫策略。     

18F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机断层显像CT检查在前列腺癌诊断和分期中的应用价值

目的 评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像CT检查(PET/CT)在前列腺癌诊断和分期中的应用价值.方法 经手术或穿刺活检病理证实为前列腺癌患者40例,年龄52 ～ 78岁,平均67岁.其中T24例,T316例,T420例.行18F-FDG PET/CT及99Tcm-MDPECT骨显像检查,统计PET/CT显像对前列腺癌原发灶、淋巴结转移及骨转移诊断的敏感性,对比分析PET/CT显像及99Tcm-MDPECT骨显像对骨转移的诊断效果.结果 40例患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT检查显示前列腺局部结节状放射性浓聚17例,对原发灶诊断敏感性为43％.17例淋巴结转移患者中CT检查发现8例,18F-FDG PET/CT检查发现15例,诊断敏感性为88％,其中5例患者因PET/CT检查改变了临床分期以及治疗方案.18F-FDG PET/CT对骨转移诊断的敏感性与99Tcm-MDP骨显像相近,但特异性(95％)和准确率(96％)均明显高于99Tcm-MDP骨显像,其中6例患者因PET/CT检查改变了临床分期,2例改变了治疗方案.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对前列腺癌淋巴结转移和骨转移有较高诊断价值,对前列腺的分期具有特殊优势,可为临床医生制定治疗方案提供可靠依据.     

18F-FDG PET/CT双时相显像对诊断主动脉移植物术后感染的临床价值

目的探讨18F-脱氧葡糖(FDG)PET/CT双时相显像(DTPI)在探测主动脉移植物感染(AGI)中的诊断价值。方法前瞻性纳入2014年10月至2021年10月临床初诊为可疑AGI并行PET/CT DTPI患者42例, 男35例, 女7例, 年龄(54±15)岁(22～79岁)。PET/CT图像质量分5级。对AGI诊断效能的评估采用半定量分析, 记录病灶早期显像最大标准化摄取值(SUVmax)、延迟显像SUVmax和DTPI保留指数(RI, 早期和延迟显像SUVmax变化的百分比)。以主动脉移植物感染管理协作组织(MAGIC)的AGI确诊依据为参考标准判断DTPI对AGI的诊断效能。结果 27例(64%, 27/42)患者确诊为AGI。AGI组RI值高于非AGI组[(26.7 ±18.9)%对(6.4 ±18.8)%, P<0.01]。以SUVmax≥6为最佳阈值, 常规早期PET/CT显像对AGI诊断的敏感度、特异性和准确性分别为88.9%、73.3%和83.3%。而DTPI延迟显像提高了对AGI诊断的敏感度(96.3%)和准确性(88.1%)。以DTPI RI ≥15%为最...     

mpMRI联合68Ga-PSMA PET/CT诊断高度可疑前列腺癌免穿刺行根治性切除术的可行性

目的探讨多参数磁共振(mpMRI)联合68Ga前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA) PET/CT诊断的高度可疑前列腺癌患者免穿刺行根治性切除术的可行性。方法本研究为单臂临床前瞻性研究。2019年3月至2022年1月, 天津医科大学第二医院收治的符合入组条件的患者纳入研究。纳入标准:①身体一般状况良好, 年龄≤80岁, 美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分0～1分;②mpMRI和68Ga-PSMA PET/CT结果提示高度可疑局限性前列腺癌, 无远处淋巴结、骨骼、内脏转移。排除标准:①明显心肺功能异常或其他重要脏器功能障碍;②检查结果提示可疑远处转移病灶;③有其他恶性肿瘤病史。患者及家属充分理解手术风险和术后病理可能后, 行免穿刺腹腔镜或机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术。以最终病理结果为参照, 评估mpMRI联合68Ga-PSMA PET/CT诊断前列腺癌的准确性。按68Ga-PSMA PET/CT最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)将患者分为低SUVmax组(SUVmax<10)和高SUVmax组(SUVmax≥10), 比较两组的切缘、精囊侵犯、pT分期和国际泌尿病理学会(ISUP)分级分...     

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT在前列腺癌门诊筛查中的临床价值

目的探讨在前列腺癌筛查门诊中引入68Ga-前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA) PET/CT的临床价值, 分析我院筛查门诊前列腺癌的发病率及穿刺活检情况。方法回顾性分析2021年3—11月在空军军医大学第一附属医院泌尿外科筛查门诊参加前列腺癌筛查人群的资料。采用血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)作为筛查指标, 对PSA≥4ng/ml者先行mpMRI检查寻找可疑病灶, 阳性者再进一步行68Ga-PSMA PET/CT检查确定病灶, 勾画穿刺靶点, 在超声引导下行系统+靶向穿刺。记录筛查人群的年龄、PSA分布、穿刺检出率, 确诊前列腺癌患者的Gleason评分、临床分期等特征。结果筛查共纳入1 079例, 年龄(63.9±9.9)岁(40～92岁), 其中PSA≥4ng/ml者249例(249/1 079, 23.1%)。249例中, 87例(87/249, 34.9%)接受mpMRI检查, 34例(34/249, 13.7%)前列腺影像报告和数据系统(PI-RADS)评分≥3分。此34例mpMRI有可疑病灶者均进一步行68Ga-PSMA PET/CT扫描, 11例(11/249, 4.4%)PSM...     

18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT在初诊前列腺癌中的应用价值探索：115例病例分析

目的:探索¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT在初诊前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa)中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析115例初诊PCa并在治疗前接受¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT检查的患者临床病理资料。分析PCa原发灶最大标准摄取值(maximum standardized uptake value, SUVmax)与患者穿刺Gleason评分、前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen, PSA)、转移范围之间的相关性。在7例治疗后再次接受¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT检查的患者中评估其对于治疗反应的效能。结果:115例患者中位PSA值为43.9 ng/mL,原发灶SUVmax平均为(23.8±16.1)。其中49例(42.61%)患者穿刺Gleason评分为国际泌尿外科病理学会(International Society of Urological Pathology, ISUP)1～3组,66例(57.39%)患者Gleason评分为ISUP 4～...     

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT对前列腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断效能

目的探讨68Ga-前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA) PET/CT对前列腺癌患者淋巴结转移的诊断效能。方法分析2021年7月至2022年2月空军军医大学第一附属医院行68Ga-PSMA PET/CT检查的58例前列腺癌患者的临床资料。患者年龄(64.4±6.1)岁, 血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)中位值34.5(6.1～99.0)ng/ml, 其中PSA<10 ng/ml 12例, 10～20 ng/ml 21例, >20 ng/ml 25例。术前临床分期T1期1例, T2期38例, T3期16例, T4期3例。术前穿刺Gleason评分<7分10例, 7分20例, >7分28例。按照D’Amico前列腺癌风险分组标准, 低危组8例, 中危组20例, 高危组30例;其中行腹腔镜手术38例, 行机器人辅助腹腔镜手术20例。术前68Ga-PSMA PET/CT检查示均无内脏、骨转移等远处转移, 其中10例示淋巴结阳性。除外术前曾行内分泌治疗、化疗、放疗者, 曾行前列腺手术, 或近2年内有其他恶性肿瘤病史者。58例均行根治性前列腺切除术;为观察68Ga-PSMA PET/...     

18F-PSMA PET/CT在前列腺癌诊断与预后预测中的价值初探

目的 探讨18F-PSMA PET/CT最大标准化摄取值(SUVmax)在前列腺癌(PCa)与增生病变的鉴别诊断,以及在PCa预后预测中的价值。方法 回顾性收集经病理证实、未经治疗的PCa同时伴有腺体增生的患者59例,治疗前行18 F-PSMA PET/CT全身显像,其中PCa灶86个,前列腺增生灶35个。比较良恶性病灶SUVmax组间差异,绘制受试者工作特性曲线(ROC),获得cut-off值。进一步根据Gleason评分对PCa灶进行分组(≤6分为低危组,=7分为中危组,≥8为高危组),比较组间SUVmax并进行事后检验分析,同时对癌灶SUVmax与Gleason评分、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平进行相关性分析。结果PCa灶的SUVmax显著高于增生灶,两组间差异具有显著统计学意义(F=27.659,P0.001),以SUVmax8.85作为cut-off值,ROC曲线下面积为0.843,诊断PCa的敏感性和特异性分别为69.77%和91.43%。PCa低、中、高危组SUVmax差异无统计学意义(F=1.857,P=0.163),事后检验两两组间均未见统计学差异(P=0.744,P=0.191,P=0.075)。此外,PCa灶SUVmax与Gleason评分、PSA之间差异均无统计学意义(P=0.248,P=0.101,P=0.064)。结论 初步研究显示,18F-PSMA PET/CT SUVmax对前列腺病变良恶性鉴别具有较高价值,以SUVmax8.85作为cut-off值可获得较为理想的诊断效能。对于PCa分级及预后预测,18F-PSMA PET/CT SUVmax价值有限。     

~(18)F-FDG PET/CT和PET/MRI在前列腺癌诊断及分期中的效能研究

目的对比前列腺癌2-氟-2脱氧-D-葡萄糖(~(18)F-FDG)正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层成像(PET/CT)和正电子发射断层扫描/核磁共振成像(PET/MRI)影像学特征,探讨两种方法在前列腺癌筛查、诊断及分期中的价值。方法回顾性分析20例组织学证实为前列腺癌患者的~(18)F-FDG PET/CT和PET/MRI图像资料,比较两种方法影像学结果,并采用配对t检验和卡方检验进行统计学分析。结果 ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT和PET/MRI对病灶定量的最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)(2.9±0.25 vs.3.2±0.26)有统计学差异(P0.05),PET/CT和PET/MRI探查原发性前列腺癌阳性结果(11例vs.18例)有统计学差异(P0.05),探查周围组织(1例vs.4例)、盆腔淋巴结(4例vs.4例)及骨盆(6例vs.5例)的转移效能无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 ~(18)F-FDG PET/MRI诊断原发性前列腺具有优势,在探查周围侵犯、盆腔淋巴或骨盆转移时和PET/CT无明显差异。临床工作中合理选择或联合应用有助于前列腺癌筛查、诊断及分期的全面评估。     

11C-choline positron emission tomography in prostate cancer: primary staging and recurrent site staging

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the usefulness of 11C-choline positron emission tomography (PET) for primary staging and re-staging of prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS:11C-choline PET, a total of 22 scans, was performed on 13 patients with histologically proven prostate cancer in primary staging (n = 6) and recurrent site staging; following radical prostatectomy (n = 5) and following radiation therapy (n = 3). In 1 patient, 11C-choline PET was performed in both primary staging and re-staging. Also, 3 patients histologically proven to have no malignant prostate were included. RESULTS: Because urinary 11C-choline activity was low, it did not interfere with the visualization of pelvic structures. 11C-choline PET visualized normal prostate with a mean SUV of 2.99 (range 2.27-3.68) and primary prostate cancer as a hot spot in 5/6 scans with a mean SUV of 4.21 (range 2.99-6.2). In re-staging, 11C-choline PET was true positive in 9/16 scans and true negative in 2/16 scans. 5/16 scans in 2 patients were false negative with negative conventional imaging. CONCLUSIONS: In primary staging, 11C-choline PET may not be of use because of no reliable differential 11C-choline uptake of BPH and prostate cancer. On the other hand, 11C-choline PET may be of value in recurrent site staging and monitoring for the prostate cancer.     

11C-choline positron emission tomography for the evaluation after treatment of localized prostate cancer

RATIONALE: The evaluation of the efficacy of the treatment of men with prostate cancer is largely based on post treatment levels of PSA. An increase in PSA or biochemical recurrence is the first sign of recurrent disease and precedes a clinically detectable recurrence by months to years. Digital rectal examination and conventional imaging techniques are not sensitive to detect a local recurrence. A metabolic imaging technique, which is not dependent on anatomical distortions, could be of use. In this study we investigated 11C-choline positron emission tomography (PET) for the evaluation after treatment of localized prostate cancer. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with localized prostate cancer, treated by either radical prostatectomy (n=20) or by external beam radiotherapy (n=16) were studied with 11C-choline PET. The results of PET were compared with the results of histology and with clinical follow up. RESULTS: Fourteen patients had no biochemical failure after therapy. 11C-choline PET was true negative in 14/14 patients. Twenty-two patients had a biochemical failure. In the radical prostatectomy patients 11C-choline PET was true positive in 5/13 (38%) cases. In the external beam radiotherapy patients 11C-choline PET was true positive in 7/9 (78%). The recurrent tumor was confirmed by biopsy or by bone scan in eleven of the twelve true positive patients. In ten patients with a negative 11C-choline PET scan, no recurrent tumor could be proven yet clinically, by biopsy or during follow up. CONCLUSION: 11C-choline PET is a feasible technique for evaluation of treatment for localized prostate cancer. The site of recurrence was detected correctly in 78% of the patients after external beam radiotherapy compared to 38% of the patients after radical prostatectomy. No positive PET scans were observed sofar in patients with a serum PSA <5ng/ml. Confirmatory studies and longer follow up are needed to determine the efficacy of 11C-choline PET compared to other imaging techniques.     

良性前列腺增生术后前列腺癌

目的 :提高对前列腺增生术后前列腺癌的认识。　方法 :回顾总结 1 2例 (年龄 6 3～ 82岁 )前列腺增生术后前列腺癌患者的临床资料。前列腺增生术后 1 0个月～ 1 4年 ,平均 5 .6年 ,发现前列腺癌。患者因排尿困难、血尿、疼痛而再次就诊。发现前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)异常 1 1例 ,前列腺结节 8例。B期 3例、C期 3例、D期 6例。 1 2例均行睾丸切除术 ,其中 1 0例加用雄激素受体阻断剂 ,3例行经尿道前列腺切除术 (TURP)。　结果 :随访 4个月～ 8年 ,平均 4 .5年。死亡 3例 ,病变稳定 6例 ,2例病变进展。　结论 :前列腺增生手术不能预防前列腺癌的发生 ,血清PSA和直肠指检是前列腺增生术后前列腺癌诊断的主要方法     

PET and PET/CT in relapsing prostate carcinoma

Of patients with carcinoma of the prostate undergoing therapeutic regimes with curative intent, 15-23% will ultimately relapse and 16-35% will need some sort of salvage therapy within 5 years. Of relapsing patients, 50% will have local recurrence and 50% systemic disease with or without local recurrence. Therefore, localization of recurrent prostate cancer is critical for selecting a local or systemic therapeutic strategy. Modern fusion imaging with PET/CT and 11C/18F-choline or 11C-acetate has augmented the diagnostic imaging spectrum for assessment of relapsing prostate cancer. In 60-70% of patients with biochemical relapse, recurrent tumor can be detected and anatomically precisely localized. Detection sensitivity is probably negatively correlated with serum PSA concentration. Below a PSA level of 1 ng/ml, mean detection sensitivity is probably 50-66%. Fusion imaging with 11C-choline PET/CT and MRI possesses a high potential for early localization of recurrent prostate carcinoma.     

High serum prostate-specific antigen levels in the absence of prostate cancer in Middle-Eastern men: the clinician's dilemma

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the common causes of total serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values of> 10 ng/mL in an Arab population, as in the USA and Europe the risk of prostate cancer is considered high in men with such PSA levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum total PSA was measured in men presenting to our hospital as part of the investigation for prostate cancer screening and/or in elderly men with prostatism. Men with a serum PSA level of> 10 ng/mL were further investigated by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) of the prostate and biopsy of suspicious lesions for histological diagnosis. In addition, the percentage of free PSA, PSA velocity and PSA density were determined. All the patients included in this study were men of Arab origin residing in Kuwait. RESULTS: In all, 1700 men (mean age 55.6 years, range 35-94) were assessed; of these, 161 had a serum PSA of> 10 ng/mL, attributable to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in 110 (68%), BPH with histological features of prostatitis in 33 (21%) and prostate cancer in 18 (11%). TRUS of the prostate in 143 of the 161 men with either BPH or BPH with prostatitis showed varying grades of intraprostatic calcifications in 22 (15%). Both PSA density and percentage free PSA did not contribute to determining the causes of total PSA levels of> 10 ng/mL. There was a progressive decline in PSA in all patients with BPH and prostatitis, except one who at re-biopsy had prostate cancer (T1N0M0, G1). CONCLUSION: Total PSA values of> 10 ng/mL in Arab men may be a result of BPH, BPH with prostatitis or prostate cancer, in that order. A gradual decline in total PSA (decreased PSA velocity) with time to < 4 ng/mL often confirms the diagnosis of BPH with prostatitis. The percentage of free PSA and PSA density may not be helpful in diagnosing prostate cancer with certainty in these patients. Compared with Caucasians in the USA and Europe, BPH and BPH with prostatitis appear to be more frequent causes of serum PSA levels of> 10 ng/mL in Arab men.     

良性前列腺增生TURP术后病理诊断前列腺癌27例分析

目的探讨前列腺增生症病人经尿道前列腺电切（TURP）术后病理检出前列腺癌的临床特点及治疗措施。方法对三家医院于2003年1月～2006年12月经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）327例进行回顾性分析,对比术后病理诊断为前列腺癌的患者与前列腺增生的患者的前列腺抗原及前列腺特异性抗原密度（PSAD）。结果327例患者中PSA在4～10ng/ml间者共112例,PSA在10～20ng/ml之间者共15例。术后病理诊断为前列腺癌的27例,其中有21例患者的PSAD值高于0.15。结论经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）是早期发现前列腺癌的重要手段;前列腺特异性抗原密度（PSAD）有助于更好地鉴别前列腺增生症和前列腺癌。     

前列腺增生术后发生前列腺癌12例报告

目的：探讨前列腺增生(BPH)术后发生前列腺癌(PCa)的临床特征。方法：报告12例BPH术后发生PCa患者的临床资料，PCa距BPH手术时间为10个月～14年，平均5．6年。患者BPH后因尿频、尿急、排尿困难、血尿、疼痛而再次就诊。检查血清PSA异常11例，前列腺结节8例。B期3例、C期3例、D期6例。12例均行双侧睾丸切除术[白膜下睾丸切除4例，3例行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)]。联合雄激素阻断治疗10例；内照射治疗骨痛3例。结果：随访4个月～8年，平均4、5年。死亡3例，病变稳定6例，2例病变进展．1例失访。结论：BPH手术不能预防PCa的发生；血清PSA和直肠指检是BPH术后前列腺癌诊断的主要方法。     

Role of imaging and biopsy to assess local recurrence after definitive treatment for prostate carcinoma (surgery, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, HIFU)

Purpose

Defining the site of recurrent disease early after definitive treatment for a localized prostate cancer is a critical issue as it may greatly influence the subsequent therapeutic strategy or patient management.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching Medline from January 1995 up to January 2011. Electronic searches were limited to the English language, and the keywords prostate cancer, radiotherapy [RT], high intensity focused ultrasound [HIFU], cryotherapy [CRIO], transrectal ultrasound [TRUS], magnetic resonance [MRI], PET/TC, and prostate biopsy were used.

Results

Despite the fact that diagnosis of a local recurrence is based on PSA values and kinetics, imaging by means of different techniques may be a prerequisite for effective disease management. Unfortunately, prostate cancer local recurrences are very difficult to detect by TRUS and conventional imaging that have shown limited accuracy at least at early stages. On the contrary, functional and molecular imaging such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE?CMRI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), offers the possibility of imaging molecular or cellular processes of individual tumors. Recently, PET/CT, using 11C-choline, 18F-fluorocholine or 11C-acetate has been successfully proposed in detecting local recurrences as well as distant metastases. Nevertheless, in controversial cases, it is necessary to perform a biopsy of the prostatic fossa or a biopsy of the prostate to assess the presence of a local recurrence under guidance of MRI or TRUS findings.

Conclusion

It is likely that imaging will be extensively used in the future to detect and localize prostate cancer local recurrences before salvage treatment.     

F/T PSA在TPSA4～10μg/L之间的前列腺增生和前列腺癌鉴别诊断中的意义

目的：探讨总前列腺特异性抗原（TPSA）与游离前列腺特异性抗原（FPSA）的比值（F／TPSA）在TPSA4～10μg／L之间的良性前列腺增生（BPH）和前列腺癌（PC）中鉴别诊断的意义。方法：采用放免法对281例病人的TPSA和FPSA进行测定，并计算F／TPSA，其中TPSA在4～10μg／L的PC和BPH病人分别是10例和51例。结果：PC组和BPH组的TPSA分别是6．22μg／L和6．04μg／L，两组相比差异不显著（P＞0．05）；而F／TPSA比值分别是0．11和0．21，两组相比差异显著（P〈0．01）。当F／TPSA为0．15～0．20时，诊断的敏感性和特异性分别是70％～90％和88％～67％。结论：F／TPSA有助于鉴别TPSA在4～10μg／L之间的BPH和PC，具有较高的敏感性和特异性，可以减少不必要的活检，是一种较好的鉴别BPH和PC的方法。     

PET und PET/CT in der Rezidivdiagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms

Of patients with carcinoma of the prostate undergoing therapeutic regimes with curative intent, 15–23% will ultimately relapse and 16–35% will need some sort of salvage therapy within 5 years. Of relapsing patients, 50% will have local recurrence and 50% systemic disease with or without local recurrence. Therefore, localization of recurrent prostate cancer is critical for selecting a local or systemic therapeutic strategy. Modern fusion imaging with PET/CT and ¹¹C/¹⁸F-choline or ¹¹C-acetate has augmented the diagnostic imaging spectrum for assessment of relapsing prostate cancer. In 60–70% of patients with biochemical relapse, recurrent tumor can be detected and anatomically precisely localized. Detection sensitivity is probably negatively correlated with serum PSA concentration. Below a PSA level of 1 ng/ml, mean detection sensitivity is probably 50–66%. Fusion imaging with ¹¹C-choline PET/CT and MRI possesses a high potential for early localization of recurrent prostate carcinoma.