静态进展性牵张训练治疗创伤后肘关节僵硬的临床研究

目的:研究静态进展性牵张训练治疗创伤后肘关节僵硬的临床疗效。方法:将40例肘关节僵硬患者按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各20例,对照组采用常规治疗方法,即中药熏蒸、关节松动术、运动疗法,观察组在常规治疗方法基础上加静态进展性牵张训练,分别于治疗前及治疗4周后对2组患者肘关节主动关节活动度(AROM)及Mayo评分(Mayo elbow function score)进行评估并对比。结果:治疗后,2组AROM和Mayo评分与治疗前比较均有明显提高(均P0.05),治疗后2组间比较,观察组肘关节AROM和Mayo评分均高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:静态进展性牵张训练可有效改善创伤后肘关节僵硬患者肘关节活动范围和功能。     

虚拟现实技术对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡功能的影响

目的:观察结合虚拟现实技术的平衡训练和传统平衡训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡功能的影响方法:选取符合标准的60例脑卒中患者按照随机数字表法分成试验组(30例)和对照组(30例)。两组患者均给予常规的临床治疗、康复护理和康复训练,对照组患者在上述治疗项目外增加30min传统平衡训练,试验组患者则增加30min基于虚拟现实技术的平衡训练(3种VR游戏,每种游戏10min)。于治疗前、治疗2周后和治疗4周后分别采用Berg平衡量表(Berg balance scale,BBS)、TecnoBody(意大利产)的PK254平衡训练仪对其平衡功能进行评估。结果:治疗2周后,试验组和对照组患者的BBS评分均较治疗前有显著变化(P0.01),但组间无显著差异(P0.05)。两组患者应用TecnoBody的PK254平衡训练仪测试发现COP前后方向和左右方向的运动幅度的标准差、前后方向和左右方向的平均运动速度以及30s内COP的运动长度和运动面积均显著高于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗4周后,试验组患者Berg评分显著高于对照组(P0.001)。试验组COP参数均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。与同组治疗后两周相比,差异具有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:结合虚拟现实技术的平衡训练能够改善脑卒中患者的平衡功能,且其训练效果优于传统平衡训练。     

虚拟现实技术对小脑卒中患者静态平衡功能及稳定极限范围的影响

目的:观察虚拟现实技术(VR)对小脑卒中患者静态平衡功能及稳定极限范围的影响。方法:小脑卒中患者71例随机分为观察组36例和对照组35例,观察组接受VR游戏训练,对照组接受常规平衡训练。分别于训练前、训练4周后采用平衡测试仪对所有患者的身体压力中心移动面积和稳定极限进行测量。结果:治疗4周后,2组患者在睁眼和闭眼条件下的摆动有效面积、摆动路径长度、平均摆动速度值与治疗前比较均显著下降(均P0.05);2组间比较,在睁眼和闭眼条件下的平均摆动速度值无显著差异,但观察组摆动有效面积、摆动路径长度值下降更为显著(均P0.05)。治疗后,2组治LOS值均较治疗前显著提高(均P0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:基于VR的平衡训练较常规的平衡训练能更有效地改善小脑卒中患者的静态平衡功能和稳定极限范围。     

术后早期应用静态进展性牵伸治疗对股骨中下段骨折患者膝关节功能的影响

目的:观察术后早期应用静态进展性牵伸治疗对股骨中下段骨折患者膝关节功能的影响。方法:选取在我院接受内固定手术的股骨中下段骨折患者48例,随机分为观察组和对照组各24例。术后3天,2组患者均采用物理因子治疗、CPM、运动功能训练等常规康复治疗,观察组在此基础上应用IK膝关节牵伸系统进行静态进展性牵伸治疗。分别于治疗前、术后4周和术后12周对2组患者进行疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和膝关节主动关节活动度测量(AROM);于术后24周对2组患者用特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS)评估膝关节功能、X线检查评估骨折愈合情况。结果:术后4及12周后,2组患者VAS评分均较治疗前呈明显下降趋势(均P0.05,0.01),且低于同时间点对照组(均P0.05)。术后4及12周后,2组患者AROM均较治疗前呈明显增加趋势(均P0.05);术后4周2组组间比较差异无统计学意义,术后12周观察组患者AROM明显高于同时间点对照组(P0.05)。术后24周,观察组患者HSS评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。术后24周,2组患者X线检查均有骨痂通过骨折线,患肢无纵向扣击痛,不扶拐能行走3min,对比之前X线片骨折无变形,内固定无松动开裂,无骨不连发生。结论:对股骨中下段骨折患者,术后早期应用静态进展性牵伸治疗可有效缓解疼痛,扩大膝关节主动活动范围,提高膝关节功能,且不增加骨不连风险。     

虚拟现实平衡游戏训练对帕金森病患者平衡功能的效果

目的探讨虚拟现实平衡游戏训练对帕金森病患者平衡功能的影响。方法 2013年10月~2016年1月,31例帕金森病患者随机分为治疗组(n=17)和对照组(n=14),治疗组采用虚拟现实平衡游戏训练,对照组进行常规平衡训练。治疗前及治疗4周后,采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)、计时"起立-行走"测试(TUGT)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)进行评定,采用平衡测试仪测量静态跌倒风险指数(SFI)、姿势稳定极限性(LOS)、动态跌倒风险指数评价(DFI)。随访患者治疗结束后6周内跌倒次数。结果治疗后,两组BBS、TUGT、SFI、LOS、DFI和MBI成绩均提高(P0.05),治疗组BBS评分(t=2.095)、TUGT时间(t=-2.091)、DFI(t=-2.182),LOS评分(t=2.202)、MBI评分(t=3.036)均优于对照组(P0.05);BBS和MBI之间存在显著正相关(r=0.899,P0.001)。随访期间,治疗组平均跌倒次数少于对照组(P0.05)。结论虚拟现实平衡游戏训练可以促进帕金森病患者平衡功能恢复。     

美托洛尔对高血压性心脏病QT间期离散度及室性心律失常的影响

观察美托洛尔对高血压性心脏病QT间期离散度及室性心律失常的影响。选取收治的高血压性心脏病患者60例,随机分为对照组和观察组各30例,对照组给予氢氯噻嗪、卡托普利等治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用美托洛尔治疗。随访12个月,观察两组随访期间QTd、室性心律失常发生率及室间隔厚度改变情况。两组血压均得到有效控制,治疗前后血压比较无显著性差异(P0.05);两组治疗前QTd及室间隔厚度比较无显著性差异(P0.05);治疗后,观察组QTd及室间隔厚度逐渐降低或减少,与治疗前及对照组各时间点比较差异显著(P0.05);对照组各时间点QTd及室间隔厚度比较无显著性差异(P0.05);两组治疗前室性心律失常发生率比较无显著性差异(P0.05);对照组治疗前后室性心律失常发生率比较均无显著性差异(P0.05);治疗6个月后,观察组室性心律失常发生率与治疗前比较均明显降低,差异显著(P0.05)。美托洛尔可有效改善高血压性心脏病患者的心室功能,延缓心肌增厚,降低QT间期离散度及室性心律失常发生率,改善患者预后。     

富血小板血浆与脱蛋白骨复合物能增强早期腱-骨界面的愈合

背景:单独使用富血小板血浆凝胶已被证实并不能提高骨再生能力,且容易在关节液破坏下迅速流失或失活.目的:观察富血小板血浆与脱蛋白骨复合物对前交叉韧带重建后早期腱-骨界面的生物力学性能的影响.方法:将新西兰大白兔分为正常组、模型组、实验组和对照组,后3组建立自体肌腱重建膝前交叉韧带模型,模型组骨隧道中不植入任何材料,对照组和实验组分别植入脱蛋白骨与富血小板血浆+脱蛋白骨复合物.结果与结论:治疗后2,4周时,各组拉力卸载方式主要是移植肌腱从骨隧道中拔出;8周时,实验组以肌腱体部撕裂为主,对照组与模型组大部分仍从骨隧道拔出,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);12周时,各组多数见肌腱体部撕裂.治疗后4,8周时,实验组最大抗拉载荷明显高于对照组及模型组(P < 0.05);12周时,各组最大抗拉载荷差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);12周时,实验组最大抗拉载荷仍明显小于正常组(P < 0.01).各组刚度随时间变化呈逐渐增大的趋势,但组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05).说明富血小板血浆与脱蛋白骨复合物能够增加早期腱-骨界面的力学强度.     

上肢康复机器人辅助训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能的影响

目的:探讨上肢康复机器人辅助训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能恢复的效果。方法:选取来本院治疗的脑卒中偏瘫患者70例,随机分为治疗组(38例)和对照组(32例),两组患者除进行常规的康复训练外,治疗组增加了上肢康复机器人辅助训练,对照组增加了上肢重复性运动训练,共治疗4周,5次/周,每次30min。分别于治疗前、治疗2周、4周后采用完成ReoGo上肢康复机器人任务难度得分、改良Barthel指数(MBI)评定法、Brunnstrom分期评定(上肢和手)、Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表上肢部分对两组患者进行综合康复评定。结果:治疗后,两组患者的ReoGo得分、MBI评分、Brunnstrom分期、FM评分均较治疗前明显改善,具有显著性意义(P0.01);治疗2周后治疗组与对照组比较无显著性差异(P0.05);4周后治疗组ReoGo得分、MBI评分和Brunnstrom上肢评分优于对照组,比较差异有显著性意义(P0.05),治疗组和对照组的Brunnstrom手和FM评分无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:上肢康复机器人辅助训练能够有效促进偏瘫患者上肢运动功能康复。     

尺桡骨双骨折患者早期康复训练护理体会

目的探究早期康复训练在尺桡骨双骨骨折患者护理中的应用价值。方法选取2016年1月—2018年1月间来本院接受治疗的尺桡骨双骨骨折患者为研究对象,梳理分析病例资料,挑选出符合要求的70例患者纳入研究序列。采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,每组各35例。对照组行常规护理干预措施,观察组在对照组基础上行早期康复训练。对比分析两组的临床疗效、前臂旋转功能、并发症发生率及护理满意度。结果观察组的总有效率为97.14%,明显高于对照组的68.57%(P 0.05);行早期康复训练的观察组患者前臂旋转功能得到了明显改善,患者前臂旋转角度同对照组相比明显增大(P 0.05);观察组的护理满意度为94.29%,明显高于对照组的62.86%(P 0.05);观察组的并发症发生率为5.72%,明显低于对照组的34.29%(P 0.05)。结论早期康复训练在尺桡骨双骨折患者的护理实践中效果显著,可明显促进患者的前臂功能恢复,且能提升患者的护理满意度,降低并发症发生率,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

脑卒中偏瘫早期核心肌群强化训练对静态坐位平衡的影响

目的:探讨核心肌群强化训练对脑卒中早期偏瘫患者静态坐位平衡的影响。方法:选取42例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组21例。2组患者均行脑卒中早期常规的神经内科治疗和康复治疗,观察组在此基础上增加核心肌群训练,2组患者均治疗2周。每次治疗后测定2组患者维持静态坐位平衡的时长,治疗2周后采用平衡评定与训练仪测定2组患者睁眼静态坐位30s重心移动轨迹长、轨迹面积、X/Y轴重心偏移等指标。结果:治疗后2组患者睁眼静态坐位维持时间均有提高(P0.05),且观察组明显大于对照组(P0.05)。观察组重心摆动轨迹长度、轨迹面积、X轴重心偏移均小于对照组(P0.05),但2组Y轴重心偏移无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:脑卒中偏瘫早期针对核心肌群的强化训练可促进患者静态坐位平衡的重获和维持,提高患者的静态坐位平衡的稳定性。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella species isolated from children with moderate to severe diarrhea in northeastern Brazil

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in Fortaleza, Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected along with socioeconomic and clinical data from children with moderate to severe diarrhea requiring emergency care. Shigella spp. were isolated by standard microbiological techniques, and we developed 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to detect 16 virulence-related genes (VRGs). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion assays. S. flexneri and S. sonnei were the predominant serogroups. S. flexneri was associated with low monthly incomes; more severe disease; higher number of VRGs; and presence of pic, set, and sepA genes. The SepA gene was associated with more intense abdominal pain. S. flexneri was correlated with resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas S. sonnei was associated with resistance to azithromycin. Strains harboring higher numbers of VRGs were associated with resistance to more antimicrobials. We highlight the correlation between presence of S. flexneri and sepA, and increased virulence and suggest a link to socioeconomic change in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance was associated with serogroup specificity in Shigella spp. and increased bacterial VRGs.     

护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响分析

目的研究护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响。方法选取本院在2014年4月~2016年7月诊治的136例面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组68例;所有患者均依据其情况给予对应的治疗,其中对照组在治疗期间给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再给予综合性护理干预,比较两组的治疗效果及护理满意度情况等。结果患者在接受治疗和护理后,研究组中度与重度患者的治疗效果较对照组均明显提高(P0.05),研究组护理满意度较对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论对面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者在其治疗期间给予综合性护理干预,具有良好的效果。