海胆黄多糖SEP的制备及其抗肿瘤作用研究

建立荷瘤小鼠模型，以不同剂量的SEP经腹腔注射给药后检测荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长情况、脾指数、胸腺指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖和抗氧化酶活性研究海胆黄多糖SEP的抗肿瘤活性。结果：SEP高、中、低3个剂量组均可显著抑制S180实体瘤的生长，其抑瘤率分别为46．9％、41．7％和40．7％；SEP能显著提高荷瘤小鼠的脾指数和胸腺指数，明显促进脾淋巴细胞的增殖，显著降低小鼠血清中丙二醛含量和提高超氧化物歧化酶活性。结论：SEP具有明显的抗肿瘤活性，其作用可能是通过免疫调节和抗氧化作用实现的。     

苦瓜多糖抗肿瘤及免疫增强活性的研究

目的：研究苦瓜多糖的体内抗肿瘤及增强免疫作用,探讨可能作用机制。方法：通过建立小鼠S180肉瘤、H22肝癌肿瘤模型观察苦瓜多糖的抗肿瘤作用．此外应用MTT法观察苦瓜多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖作用的影响．应用比色法观察苦瓜多糖对小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264．7吞噬功能的影响．运用Gfiess试剂检测苦瓜多糖促进小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264．7分泌No含量的变化。结果：苦瓜多糖高中低剂量组能明显抑制小鼠S180肉瘤、H22肝癌肿瘤的生长,同时能明显增加荷瘤小鼠的脾腺指数和胸腺指数。此外苦瓜多糖能显著刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖．明显提高小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264．7吞噬中性红的能力,明显促进小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264．7分泌No。结论：推测苦瓜多糖具有较强的免疫增强活性并可能通过刺激淋巴细胞、并增强巨噬细胞的活化来调节机体的免疫功能．从而抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。     

等电点除蛋白的pH值对螺旋藻酸性多糖硫酸基团含量的影响

考察等电点除蛋白对螺旋藻酸性多糖的硫酸根含量的影响。采用热碱水提取，乙醇沉淀，CPC络合得螺旋藻酸性多糖。硫酸苯酚法测定糖含量，聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和氯化钡明胶法检查硫酸根，200～400nm紫外扫描及水解氨基酸检测蛋白。结果表明，不同酸化条件对螺旋藻酸性多糖的硫酸根含量有明显的影响，以pH值4．0去除蛋白效果最佳，硫酸根保留相对较多。     

苦豆子多糖对小鼠体内外免疫功能的调节作用

目的 考察苦豆子多糖对小鼠免疫功能的体内外调节作用。方法 MTT 法体外观察苦豆子多糖在不同浓度对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响;腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立免疫低下小鼠模型,通过碳粒廓清和血清溶血素实验测定非特异性免疫功能和体液免疫功能,测定小鼠巨噬细胞的碳粒廓清指数 K 、吞噬指数 α和小鼠血清中溶血素的含量。结果 不同浓度苦豆子多糖可不同程度地促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖;苦豆子多糖能在一定程度上提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的廓清能力、吞噬速度及血清中溶血素的含量,提高小鼠机体免疫能力。结论 苦豆子多糖能够通过多种免疫途径增强小鼠免疫功能。     

毛蚶多糖的分离纯化和免疫活性测定

目的从毛蚶体内分离纯化得到毛蚶多糖精品（polysaccharide from Arca subcrenata Lischke．简称ASLP），分析其纯度和单糖组成，同时考察免疫活性。方法经除蛋白、DEAE-52和Sephadex-GS0柱层析得多糖精品。糖醇乙酸酯法测定单糖组成。体外脾淋巴细胞增殖测定ASLP的免疫活性。结果从毛蚶体内提取到一种均一的多糖组分，其单糖组成只有葡萄糖，ASLP能够显著地促进脾淋巴细胞的增殖。结论从毛蚶中分离纯化得到一种均一的多糖组分，具有显著的体外免疫活性。     

珠蚌多糖对实验性移植肿瘤及NK细胞活性的作用

目的研究珠蚌多糖对实验性移植小鼠肿瘤以及对自然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）活性的影响。方法采用两种小鼠移植性肿瘤模型，观察珠蚌多糖对在体肿瘤细胞生长的影响；通过脾淋巴细胞与K562肿瘤细胞的共培养，体外检测NK细胞的活性。结果珠蚌多糖200，100mg·kg^-1对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制率分别达到49．4％和47．1％，对C57BL／6小鼠B16BL6黑色素瘤的抑瘤率分别为39．1％和34．2％；显著提高S180肉瘤小鼠免疫脏器胸腺指数、脾指数；体外10，100μg·mL^-1珠蚌多糖可增强NK细胞对K562细胞的抑制活性。结论珠蚌多糖对实验移植性小鼠肿瘤生长有明显的抑制作用，体外一定剂量范围内可诱导NK细胞活性。     

孔石莼多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察孔石莼多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法应用水煮醇沉法从海洋生物孔石莼中获得孔石莼多糖,观察孔石莼多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。结果200 mg/(kg.d)孔石莼多糖能明显促进小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数。100,200 mg/(kg.d)剂量能显著促进ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力,增强小鼠的迟发性超敏反应,提高小鼠的血清溶血素水平,增强小鼠的碳廓清能力,提高小鼠NK细胞的杀伤活性。结论孔石莼多糖能明显调节机体的细胞免疫与体液免疫功能,促进NK细胞的杀伤活性及巨噬细胞的吞噬能力。     

龙眼壳多糖含量的测定及其免疫活性研究

目的从龙眼壳中提取分离龙眼壳多糖,测定龙眼壳多糖在龙眼壳中的含量,同时探索龙眼壳多糖对体外小鼠脾淋巴细胞的免疫活性的影响。方法采用水提醇沉法提取分离龙眼壳多糖,经酶-Sevage法除蛋白和H2O2氧化法除色素后,进一步用DEAE-纤维素柱层析和葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G-100柱层析对龙眼壳多糖进行纯化,苯酚-硫酸法测定龙眼壳多糖含量;MTT法测定龙眼壳多糖对ConA诱导小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力;酶联免疫吸附反应(ELISA)分析龙眼壳多糖对ConA诱导小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IL-2的诱生作用。结果龙眼壳多糖总糖含量为51.84%,龙眼壳粗多糖得率为3.22%,经过纯化之后的龙眼壳多糖的糖含量为92.01%。龙眼壳多糖不同剂量组对ConA诱导小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力有增强作用,对ConA诱导小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IL-2有明显的促进作用,均与剂量呈正相关关系。结论龙眼壳多糖能增强小鼠脾淋巴细胞的免疫作用。     

云南产螺旋藻多糖的分离纯化及其生物活性的初步研究

从云南产螺旋藻中分离纯化出螺旋藻多糖（ＰＳＰ）。腹腔内注射ＰＳＰ１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ能显著增加小鼠脾重，促进小鼠腹腔ＭΦ吞噬功能及小鼠血清溶血素的形成。并对环磷酰胺所致小鼠免疫器官萎缩、白细胞减少、腹腔ＭΦ吞噬功能降低及血清溶血素形成减少等有明显对抗作用。     

螺旋藻多糖硫酸酯化修饰前后抗肿瘤及免疫活性的研究

比较螺旋藻多糖硫酸酯化修饰前后体内外抗肿瘤及免疫活性.采用MTT比色法研究药物在体外对人肿瘤细胞株的抑制作用,促进正常小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖活性以及对荷瘤小鼠NK和CTL细胞活性的影响.采用移植性肿瘤实验方法考察了药物对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制作用.结果显示,螺旋藻多糖（NPSP）对肿瘤细胞株几乎无细胞毒作用,硫酸酯化螺旋藻多糖（SNPSP）对肿瘤细胞株具有显著的细胞毒作用,其中对SMMC-7721人肝癌细胞株抑制率最高达50%.NPSP50 mg/kg对小鼠S180肉瘤无抑制,相同剂量的SNPSP对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制率达35.42%.NPSP具有促进脾淋巴细胞增殖作用,但对ConA和LPS诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应无促进作用,SNPSP促进脾淋巴细胞增殖作用较NPSP增强,同时对ConA和LPS诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应也具有明显的促进作用.NPSP和SNPSP均能促进荷瘤小鼠NK细胞和CTL细胞活性,其中SNPSP促进CTL细胞活性较NPSP增强.     

螺旋藻硒多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文研究了螺旋藻中的硒多糖 (selenium polysaccharide,Se PS)抑制肿瘤细胞和对小鼠免疫功能的影响。发现硒多糖对肿瘤细胞的抑制率均大于相同剂量的多糖 (PS)。高浓度的 Se PS和 PS(10 0 mg· kg-1)处理能显著提高小鼠的脾指数 ;PS和 Se PS都能显著提高 CY处理后的胸腺指数和脾指数 ;剂量 5 0 mg· kg-1以上的 Se PS或 PS与 Con A协同作用能显著刺激小鼠淋巴细胞增殖 ;Se PS两个剂量 (5 0 mg· kg-1和 10 0mg· kg-1) NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤率分别达到 33.2 %和 4 0 .8% ,与对照组 (19.0 % )相比 ,达到极显著差异 ,PS(5 0 mg· kg-1)达到显著差异 (2 9.9% ) ,PS(10 0 mg· kg-1)达到极显著差异 (38.0 % )     

钝顶螺旋藻营养胶囊的研制

螺旋藻是近年来国内外竞相开发的一种高蛋白营养源，我们将螺旋藻制成胶囊，进行了崩解度，急性毒性试验及营养价值等研究。螺旋营养胶囊含有蛋白质和多种氨基酸。     

青藤碱治疗类风湿性关节炎免疫作用和机制

目的研究青藤碱(sinomenine,SIN)对动物免疫功能和细胞凋亡的影响及对人滑膜细胞增殖影响。方法 MTT法测定脾淋巴细胞增殖反应及滑膜细胞增殖反应。采用流式细胞术测定脾T淋巴细胞亚型。流式细胞仪和DNA Ladder测定脾淋巴细胞凋亡。结果SIN在体给药抑制LPS及PMA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖。SIN离体给药可抑制ConA，LPS和anti-CD3 mAb诱导小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖；SIN可使AA大鼠升高的CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值降低。SIN体外使小鼠脾淋巴细胞早期凋亡百分比显著增加。SIN对人类风湿关节炎滑膜细胞增殖也有抑制作用。结论 SIN对小鼠和类风湿关节炎大鼠脾淋巴细胞免疫功能具有抑制作用，诱导细胞凋亡可能是SIN免疫抑制作用的机理之一。     

Inhibition of Rat Splenocyte Proliferation with Methylprednisolone: In Vivo Effect of Liposomal Formulation

The effect of a liposomal formulation of methylprednisolone (MPL) on the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation in spleen cells was investigated following IV dosing in rats. Liposomes do not alter the suppressive action of MPL when placed in lymphocyte culture. Rat splenocytes were found to have greater sensitivity to MPL (EC₅₀ = 7.9 nM) than do human peripheral blood lymphocytes (EC₅₀ = 28 nM). In vivo studies in rats utilized 2 mg/kg IV bolus doses of liposomal MPL compared to drug in solution. Animals were sacrificed at various times post-dosing until 120 h, spleen was excised and, after incubation of lymphocytes with PHA, splenocyte blastogenic responses were assessed by measuring cellular incorporation of ³H-thymidine. The suppressive effect of liposomal MPL in comparison with free drug was significantly prolonged (>120 h vs < 18 h). Inhibition effects versus time were described by a pharmacodynamic model using MPL concentrations in plasma as an input function. A nonlinear relationship was found between suppression of splenocyte proliferation and the concentration of bound glucocorticoid receptors in spleen. Only partial receptor occupancy accompanied complete lymphocyte suppression. The suppression of endogenous corticosterone in plasma for both treatments was similar with values from L-MPL rats returning to baseline after 24 h. These results demonstrate enhanced efficacy of local immunosuppression by targeting spleen with liposomal MPL.     

细梗香草总皂苷的抗肿瘤活性研究

目的评价细梗香草总皂苷(capilliposide,LC)的抗肿瘤活性以及免疫调节作用。方法建立3种人源肿瘤裸鼠移植模型,随机分组给药,测量瘤径计算相对肿瘤增殖率(T/C),称取瘤重计算抑瘤率(inhibitory rate,I)。采用HE染色进行肿瘤组织病理学检测,免疫组化方法观察血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达,初步探测LC抗肿瘤的作用机制。C57BL/6小鼠接种RM-1瘤液,建立小鼠荷前列腺癌模型,检测血液学指标以及脾T淋巴细胞增殖情况和IL-2活性,初步评价细梗香草总皂苷对免疫系统的调节作用。结果 LC可剂量依赖性的抑制荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤的生长,与模型对照组相比差异均有显著性,抑瘤率最高达:58.77%(前列腺癌PC-3)、56.22%(胃癌BGC-823)和55.73%(卵巢癌SK-OV-3)。LC可上调荷瘤小鼠外周血中白细胞(WBC)和血红蛋白(HGB),可提高荷瘤小鼠脾T淋巴细胞增殖能力和IL-2活性。结论 LC具有较强的抗肿瘤活性,其抗肿瘤作用可能与增强免疫功能和抑制肿瘤血管新生有关。     

Dextran-methylprednisolone succinate as a prodrug of methylprednisolone: in vitro immunosuppressive effects on rat blood and spleen lymphocytes

The in vitro immunosuppressive activity of a conjugate of methylprednisolone (MP) with dextran 70 kDa (DEX-MPS) was tested using the lymphocyte proliferation assay after stimulation of lymphocytes with concanavalin A (Con-A). Blood and spleen lymphocytes, isolated from drug-free male Sprague-Dawley rats, were used in the assay. First, the optimum concentration of Con-A for stimulation of lymphocytes was determined. The inhibition of the lymphocyte proliferation was then tested in the presence of 0.25,0.5, 1.0,2.5,5.0,10,20, and 50 nM concentrations (MP equivalent) of DEX-MPS or free MP. The maximum stimulation of lymphocytes with Con-A was observed at mitogen concentrations of 2.5 and 10 microg/ml for the spleen and blood lymphocytes, respectively. For free MP, sigmoidal relationships were observed between the effect (% inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation) and the logarithm of MP concentration. Additionally, the maximum inhibitory effect (I(max)) and MP concentration producing half of I(max) (IC(50)) were, respectively, 98% and 1.38 nM for the blood and 86% and 3.1 nM for the spleen lymphocytes. For MP conjugated to dextran, the response-log concentration curves were substantially shifted to the right with IC(50) values of 40 and 52 nM for the blood and spleen lymphocytes, respectively. It is concluded that compared with free MP, the steroid attached to dextran has minimal immunosuppressive activity. Therefore, to be effective in vivo, DEX-MPS should release MP in the body.     

The immunomodulatory effects of two plant growth regulators, cycloheximide and maleic hydrazide, in white mice

The immunomodulatory effects of two plant regulators, cycloheximide and maleic hydrazide, were investigated by injecting the compounds twice weekly for 4 weeks in female Swiss Webster white mice. The animals were antigenically challenged with sheep red blood cells on day 24 of the study. Although humoral immunity was the primary system examined, analysis included all of the following parameters: spleen plaque forming cells (PFC's), lymphocyte viability, spleen lymphocyte counts, hemolysin titers, total plasma proteins, total white blood cells counts, hematocrit, total body weight, and liver, thymus and spleen weights. Cyclophosphamide and physiological saline were used as the respective positive and negative control substances. The dosing was as follows: cyclophosphamide at 50 mg/kg/injection, cycloheximide at 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/injection and maleic hydrazide at 125 and 250 mg/kg/injection. Cycloheximide significantly (P less than .05) reduced, in a dose-dependent fashion, the thymus wt/gram of body weight, the number of PFC's/gram of spleen, total lymphocytes/gram of spleen, PFC's per 10(6) viable spleen lymphocytes and the hemolysin antibody titer levels. Maleic hydrazide significantly reduced thymus weights and moderately lowered the ratio of PFC's per 10(6) viable spleen lymphocytes. Maleic hydrazide significantly elevated total lymphocytes per gram of spleen and the hemolysin titer (up to 133% over saline control values). There was an elevation in the number of PFC's per gm of spleen by maleic hydrazide and the overall effects were dose related. Cycloheximide, a known inhibitor of protein synthesis, was distinctly the most suppressive of the two plant growth regulators. Both agents are widely utilized on agricultural products and the results suggest the need for care in their application and residue removal. Used properly, the plant growth regulators may pose little or no human health hazard, but this report documents a new biological activity for these agents.     

T cell mitogenicity of a novel beta-D-galactoside-specific lectin from the beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma (allo A)

We examined the lymphocyte mitogenicity of a novel beta-D-galactoside-specific lectin from the beetle Allomyrina dichotoma, named allo A. Allo A was mitogenic to spleen cells of various strains of mice and rats and to human peripheral blood lymphocytes. When the selectivity of mitogenicity to T or B lymphocytes was examined with mouse spleen cells, allo A was selectively mitogenic to T-enriched spleen cells, which indicates that allo A is a T cell mitogen. Thymocytes from non-treated mice hardly responded to allo A, while those from cortisone-treated mice did to a great extent, indicating that allo A is mitogenic to mature thymocytes. The lymphocyte activation with allo A was inhibited by lactose, but not by melibiose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, or methyl-alpha-D-mannoside, which suggests that cell surface molecules containing beta-D-galactosyl residues are of importance in the structure of allo A receptors on the cell surface.     

糖皮质激素连接物在大鼠胃肠道的转运及其对溃疡性结肠炎的治疗

目的:研究地塞米松(DX)-右旋糖酐(500000)连接物(DXD50)在大鼠胃肠道的转运及其对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的疗效。方法:将DXD50给大鼠ig,监测该DXD50在大鼠胃肠道不同部位释放DX的动力学过程及血药浓度变化。用三硝基苯磺酸诱导大鼠溃疡性结肠炎,以结肠溃疡面积、结肠重量、结肠组织髓过氧化物酶、大鼠外周血淋巴细胞数、胸腺及脾脏重量为指标,观察连接物的疗效。结果:口服连接物后,DX主要分布在盲肠和结肠中。DXD50及DX0.25μmol·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)可分别使大鼠溃疡面积缩小55.6％和33.3％,同时结肠重量下降17.9％和2.6％。DXD50 0.25μmol·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)对大鼠外周血淋巴细胞数、胸腺及脾脏重量无影响,而同等剂量的DX可引起大鼠外周血淋巴细胞数、胸腺及脾脏重量明显下降(P<0.05 vs control)。结论:DXD50可将DX特异地转运到结肠,它是一种有潜力的治疗炎症性肠病药物。