高频超声对血透患者颈动脉内膜厚度的评估

目的:探讨运用高频超声技术检测维持性血液透析(MHD)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)并评估其临床应用价值.方法:选择66例MHD患者按透析龄分为MHD A组、MHD B组两组,30例健康体检者为对照组.采用高频超声检测3组颈动脉IMT值,对各组数据进行比较分析.结果:MHD A组和MHD B组颈动脉IMT分别与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01),MHD A组与MHD B组颈动脉IMT比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),MHD A组及MHD B组的颈动脉斑块发生率高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:高频超声能很好的显示MHD患者颈动脉IMT变化,同时能客观评价MHD患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度.     

冠心病患者血管内皮功能及颈动脉和股动脉内中膜厚度的超声联合检查分析

目的 探讨超声联合检查颈动脉、股动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)及肱动脉血管内皮功能对冠心病的诊断价值.方法 对113例拟诊冠心病患者行冠状动脉造影(CAG),按造影结果分成非冠心病组(对照组,46例)及冠心病组(67例),其中冠心病组根据病变支数进一步分为单支病变组(29例)和多支病变组(38例).通过超声对所有拟诊患者行肱动脉血管内皮功能及双侧颈动脉、股动脉IMT检查,并与CAG结果进行对比分析.结果 冠心病组患者血流介导的血管舒张反应(FMD)[(7.8±2.1)%]和硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张反应(NMD)[(12.9±3.6)%]均显著低于对照组[(15.4±2.8)%与(22.9±3.4)%],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多支病变组患者FMD[(4.2±2.0)%]和NMD[(7.6±3.1)%]均显著低于单支病变组[FMD(9.9± 2.5)%,NMD (16.8±3.9)%],两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).冠心病组患者中单支病变组颈动脉、股动脉IMT分别为(0.87±0.15)mm和(1.16±0.20)mm,多支病变组颈动脉、股动脉IMT分别为(0.96±0.21)mm和(1.60±0.23)mm,均显著高于对照组[(0.69±0.13)mm与(0.87±0.17)mm],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);冠状动脉多支病变组患者的IMT显著高于单支病变组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 通过超声检测肱动脉内皮舒张功能及颈动脉、股动脉IMT,发现FMD和NMD的降低及颈动脉、股动脉IMT的增厚均与冠心病程度有关,可为冠心病的早期诊断提供依据.     

原发性高血压伴心肌梗死患者血压变异性、颈动脉内中膜厚度与冠状动脉病变严重程度相关性的临床研究

目的探讨原发性高血压伴心肌梗死患者血压变异性、颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)与冠状动脉病变的相关性。方法选取2017年1—12月在佛山市南海区人民医院电生理科住院治疗的100例原发性高血压患者作为研究对象,根据冠状动脉造影术结果分为原发性高血压伴心肌梗死组(观察组)和原发性高血压不伴心肌梗死组(对照组),每组50例。对所有患者根据冠状动脉造影结果进行冠状动脉狭窄严重程度Gensini评分,利用颈动脉超声测量颈动脉IMT、颈动脉斑块Crouse积分,检测血脂水平,进行24 h动态血压监测,评估血压变异性。结果观察组的冠状动脉Gensini评分、颈动脉斑块Crouse积分显著高于对照组[(43. 3±21. 4)分比(6. 7±2. 4)分,(3. 4±2. 1)分比(1. 1±0. 8)分],颈动脉IMT大于对照组[(1. 45±0. 34) mm比(1. 14±0. 15) mm](P <0. 05)。观察组的三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低于对照组(P <0. 05)。观察组患者24 h、白天收缩压变异系数高于对照组(P <0. 05)。心肌梗死患者的颈动脉IMT与冠状动脉Gensini评分、颈动脉斑块Crouse积分呈正相关(r=0. 648,P <0. 001; r=0. 809,P=0. 001),颈动脉IMT与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和24 h收缩压变异系数呈正相关(r=0. 643,P <0. 001; r=0. 580,P=0. 001),24 h收缩压变异系数与冠状动脉Gensini评分、颈动脉斑块Crouse积分呈正相关(r=0. 844,P <0. 001; r=0. 602,P <0. 001)。结论与原发性高血压不伴心肌梗死患者相比,原发性高血压伴心肌梗死患者的收缩压变异性更高,颈动脉IMT更大,冠状动脉Gensini评分和颈动脉斑块Crouse积分更高。心肌梗死患者冠状动脉狭窄严重程度的Gensini评分与24 h收缩压变异系数、颈动脉IMT呈正相关。     

代谢综合征患者内脂素和脂联素与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的研究代谢综合征患者血浆内脂素和脂联素水平的变化,并探讨其与动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法 64例代谢综合征患者根据颈动脉超声检查结果分为有颈动脉斑块组27例(MS-B组),无颈动脉斑块组(MS-A组)37例,同时分别测定其血浆内脂素和脂联素,行双侧颈动脉超声检查半定量估计斑块的范围及严重程度。以32例健康体检者为对照组。分析血浆内脂素和脂联素与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。结果有颈动脉斑块组代谢综合征患者内脂素水平高于和脂联素水平低于无颈动脉斑块组代谢综合征患者(P<0.01),且代谢综合征患者内脂素水平高于和脂联素水平低于健康对照组(P分别<0.05和0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示颈动脉斑块与内脂素、胰岛素抵抗指数和hsCRP呈正相关(r=0.76,r=0.78,r=0.36,P<0.01);颈动脉斑块与脂联素呈负相关(r=-0.685,P<0.01)。结论颈动脉斑块与血浆内脂素水平呈明显正相关,颈动脉斑块与血浆脂联素水平呈明显负相关。内脂素和脂联素分别可能是颈动脉粥样硬化的独立预测因子,可用于MS病人危险分层的评估。     

颈动脉结构改变与冠状动脉病变关系的研究

目的评价颈动脉结构的改变与冠状动脉病变及其严重程度的关系。方法根据冠状动脉造影结果,将152名临床怀疑或已确诊为冠心病的患者(男性119名,女性33名)分为冠心病组(117人)和正常对照组(35人),用高分辨率超声心动仪检测所有患者的双侧颈动脉(CCA)内径、内中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块及其数量,计算几何形状改变(R/IMT)。用SPSS 10.0软件进行数据分析。结果颈动脉斑块发生率、内径、IMT、颈动脉半径和IMT的比值(R/IMT)均和年龄增长显著相关。冠心病患者的CCA斑块发生率、斑块数和IMT显著高于正常对照组(P值分别为0.000、0.001和0.007),R/IMT显著低于对照组(P=0.000),斑块对诊断冠心病敏感性为74.1％,特异性为71.4％,OR=7.167;CCA斑块发生率和斑块数在多支冠脉病变者显著高于单支病变者(P=0.000及P=0.004),CCA斑块发生率(r=0.098,P=0.050)和IMT(r=0.258,P=0.003)和冠脉Gensini积分显著相关。结论颈动脉结构改变与年龄增长显著相关。CCA斑块、IMT对预测冠心病危险性有益。     

超声检测颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的相关性研究

目的 利用体表超声研究颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系及预测价值.方法 采用高频超声探头测定46例正常对照者和86例冠心病(coronary artery heart disease,CHD)患者颈动脉内中膜厚度和斑块厚度.结果 对照组斑块发生率明显低于CHD组 (17.4% VS 77.9%,P<0.01).CHD多支病变组平均颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)较单支病变组明显增厚[(0.99+0.17) mm VS (0.85±0.15) mm,P <0.01],其斑块积分也较单支病变组高[(2.68±1.82) VS (1.60±1.27),P <0.05].以IMT≥0.85 mm预测CHD的有无,总符合率73.5% (97/132).特异性为76.10%,其敏感性为72.10%.结论 颈动脉粥样硬化是冠心病的高危预测因素之一,与冠状动脉粥样硬化密切相关,对冠心病诊断有较大的预测价值.     

代谢综合征与动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的　探讨代谢综合征与动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法　将青岛港健康研究人群中 5 5～74岁的男性共 35 8名 ,分为代谢综合征患病组与非患病组 ,应用血管超声技术检测了该组人群颈动脉内膜 -中膜厚度、斑块性质、分级及斑块总积分 ,并对内膜 中膜厚度 (IMT)与代谢综合征各项诊断标准进行了相关分析。结果　代谢综合征患病组颈动脉IMT值 (0 90mm± 0 12mm)、斑块总积分(3 5 8mm± 0 4 4mm)、斑块发生率 (6 4 2 % )及心血管病患病率 (47 5 % )均显著高于非患病组 (分别为 0 84mm± 0 11mm、2 4 5mm± 0 2 5mm、4 7 5 %及 12 2 % ,P均 <0 0 5 )。颈动脉IMT与收缩压、舒张压、血糖及腰围呈显著正相关 (r分别为 0 2 7、0 17、0 17及 0 12 ,P均 <0 0 5 )。结论　代谢综合征可以加速动脉粥样硬化的发生发展。对代谢综合征患者及早进行颈动脉的超声检查 ,将有助于心血管病事件的一级预防。     

颈动脉粥样硬化预测冠心病的临床价值

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化预测冠心病(CHD)的临床价值.方法 采用高分辨率超声测定86例CHD和46例正常对照者颈动脉内中膜厚度和斑块积分.结果 CHD组斑块发生率明显高于对照组(77.9%vs17.4%,P＜0.01).CHD多支病变组平均颈动脉内中膜厚度(mIMTc)较单支病变组明显增厚[(0.99+0.17)mm vs(0.85±0.15)mm,P＜0.01],其斑块积分也较单支病变组高[(2.68±1.82)vs(1.60±1.27),P＜0.05].以mIMTc≥0.85 mm预测CHD的有无,其敏感性为72.1%,特异性为76.1%,总符合率73.5%(97/132).结论 高频超声能准确测量颈动脉内中膜厚度及斑块情况,颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化密切相关,颈动脉粥样硬化程度可间接反映冠状动脉病变的程度.     

血浆纤维蛋白原与颈动脉粥样硬化相关性研究

目的 探讨血浆纤维蛋白原(Fg)与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法 选择104例颈动脉粥样硬化性斑块患者,根据斑块性质分为稳定斑块组52例与不稳定斑块组52例;根据颈动脉狭窄程度分为:轻度狭窄组24例、中度狭窄组42例、重度狭窄组38例;同时选取52例健康人群做对照.测定各组Fg水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT),并进行分析对比.结果 不稳定斑块组与稳定斑块组IMT、Fg水平均高于健康对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);不稳定斑块组IMT、Fg水平高于稳定斑块组(P均＜0.05);颈动脉硬化狭窄组IMT、Fg水平均高于健康对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);各颈动脉硬化狭窄组IMT、Fg水平差异显著(P＜0.05),随着狭窄程度越重,IMT及Fg含量越高.结论 颈动脉硬化斑块稳定性与狭窄程度均与Fg水平相关,Fg可能通过增加IMT影响颈动脉硬化斑块的稳定性与狭窄程度.     

冠心病患者血浆纤维蛋白原与血管内皮功能及颈动脉斑块分级的相关性研究

目的 探讨冠心病患者血管内皮功能及颈动脉斑块分级与血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)的相关性.方法 冠心病患者76例与正常对照组30例采用高分辨率血管超声法检测肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)、颈动脉内膜厚度(IMT)及斑块积分,检测血浆中纤维蛋白原,并对冠心病患者进行冠脉造影.结果 冠心病患者颈动脉斑块积分0级28例,1级25例,2级18例,3级5例.冠心病患者FMD为(6.94±4.21)%, IMT(1.03±0.32)mm, FIB为(3.24±1.07)g/L,均高于对照组比较,差异有统计学意义.冠心病患者FIB与FMD存在负相关(r=-0.429,P＜0.05),与颈动脉斑块分级存在正相关(r=0.363,P＜0.05),与颈动脉IMT无相关性(r=0.09,P＞0.05).结论 冠心病患者FIB水平升高,冠心病患者血浆FIB与颈FMD存在负相关,与颈动脉斑块分级存在正相关.FIB水平能反映内皮功能受损的程度及动脉粥样硬化的程度.临床上加强降纤治疗对延缓冠心病患者内皮功能受损及动脉粥样硬化发展可能有重要的作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.