两段式覆膜支架治疗B型主动脉夹层的研究

目的:探讨两段式覆膜支架腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层(TBAD)的疗效。方法:分析2013年3月至2015年3月间,在本中心采用两段式覆膜支架TEVAR术治疗的61例TBAD患者的临床影像及术后随访资料。适应证:1胸降主动脉段主动脉弯曲变形;2胸降主动脉存在多发破口;3主动脉远端锚定区真腔因假腔挤压而过细。结果:应用两段式覆膜支架TEVAR术治疗的TBAD共61例。术后平均随访(23.6±7.4)个月,围手术期死亡1例(1.6%),支架远端新发破口1例(1.6%),支架远端贴壁不良3例(4.9%),支架段假腔完全血栓化率91.8%(55/61),其中支架段假腔完全消失率41.8%(23/55),主动脉完全重塑率7.3%(4/55)。结论:采用两段式覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层实现了主动脉夹层腔内治疗远端锚定区的精确选择,近中期疗效安全满意,中、远期疗效尚需远期随访。     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后覆膜支架远端再发夹层临床诊治分析

目的探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后覆膜支架远端再发夹层的机制与诊治。方法回顾性分析自2002年4月至2014年12月沈阳军区总医院心血管内科收治的Stanford B型主动脉夹层中行主动脉腔内修复术患者随访期间发生覆膜支架远端再发夹层的临床特点,同时分析患者发生再次主动脉夹层的影响因素以及诊疗方案。结果 10例主动脉覆膜支架远端再发夹层,7例应用直筒(近端与远端直径无落差)覆膜支架,3例应用近端与远端直径落差均为2 mm的覆膜支架,支架长度均在150 mm以内。9例再次行腔内修复术,1例患者拒绝再次行主动脉腔内修复术,行药物保守治疗。其中1例患者2次出现支架远端再发夹层,2次均行主动脉腔内修复术。所有手术患者均手术成功,无并发症,随访期间2例患者出现脑卒中,分别发生于再次腔内修复术后1个月、6个月,无截瘫和死亡事件。结论注重支架长度及直径落差选择对预防动脉夹层腔内修复术后覆膜支架远端再发夹层有临床意义。再次介入治疗可有效治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后覆膜支架远端再发夹层,再次治疗并发症少,安全性高。     

整体式分支型覆膜支架治疗Debakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层

目的:探讨整体式分支型覆膜支架治疗DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的临床疗效。方法:对16例De-bakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者进行血管腔内覆膜支架修复。所有患者都进行了16排螺旋CT增强扫描,确诊夹层原发破裂口位于左锁骨下动脉开口以远,距左锁骨下动脉开口平均距离1.2(0.5～1.8)cm。患者发病平均时间为7.6(2～15)d。所有患者都采用整体式分支型覆膜支架修复夹层破裂口,经股动脉顺序置入支架于左锁骨下动脉和主动脉弓降部。支架主干直径34～46mm,分支直径12～16mm,支架长度110～120mm。结果:16例支架均一次释放成功,夹层破口完全封闭,真腔血流正常,左锁骨下动脉血流通畅。术后平均随访1～2年,无并发症发生,无手术死亡。结论:采用整体式分支型覆膜支架治疗DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,可在急性期行覆膜支架置入术,当近段锚定区小于2cm时,可保持分支动脉血流通畅,近期效果良好,长期结果仍需进一步观察。     

超声心动图引导下置人覆膜支架治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层

目的 创建应用超声心动图引导下置入覆膜支架治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的新方法,探讨其可行性、安全性及疗效.方法 5例经CT证实的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者在术前应用超声心动图判断病变,并根据测量参数选择覆膜支架型号.术中以超声心动图(包括经食管和经胸超声心动图)实时、动态地引导和监测,精确定位后置人覆膜支架封闭主动脉夹层破口.术后以经胸超声心动图随访,评估置入覆膜支架的疗效.结果 5例患者应用超声心动图引导置入覆膜支架治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层,均成功置入真腔.1例患者主动脉夹层的远端有一小破口未覆盖.术后随访3个月,未发现覆膜支架移位及新生内漏,未发现主动脉管壁穿孔、肾功能衰竭、截瘫等严重并发症.与术前2d比较,术后1个月和3个月左心室射血分数(中位数分别为59.9％、67.4％、68.1％)和左心室短轴缩短率(中位数分别为31.4％、33.7％、39.1％)均显著增高(均P＜0.05).结论 创建了临床治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的新方法.超声心动图引导下置入覆膜支架治疗B型主动脉夹层安全、有效、并发症少,近期效果满意,中、远期结果需进一步观察.     

左侧锁骨下动脉受累的Stanford B型主动脉夹层26例临床分析

正腔内修复术于1999年应用于Stanford B型主动脉夹层的治疗,由于其安全性上的明显优势,使病死率和并发症大大降低,目前已成为治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层首选方法[1]。然而部分主动脉夹层由于解剖结构不适合直接行覆膜支架腔内修复术,如主动脉弓分支血管受累、近端锚定区不足15mm成为腔内治疗的难点。现将我院2010-09-2015-01采用杂交手术治疗的复杂型Stanford     

“烟囱”技术在胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术中的应用分析

目的 探讨“烟囱”支架技术在近端锚定区长度不足的胸主动脉夹层的主动脉腔内修复术治疗中的应用.方法 回顾性观察2012年8月至2013年9月广东省人民医院17例近端锚定区长度不足的胸主动脉夹层患者使用“烟囱”技术进行主动脉腔内修复术治疗的临床资料.结果 男16例,女1例,Stanford B型主动脉夹层16例,Stanford B型主动脉夹层合并腹主动脉瘤1例.手术成功率为100％,支架释放后即时血管造影显示破口封堵完全,“烟囱”支架血流正常.随访3-16个月,中位时间12个月,无术后死亡患者.随访期间,患者出现左足乏力1例、头晕1例、胸闷痛2例、Ⅰ型内漏2例.无严重神经系统及脏器缺血并发症发生.术后主动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影（CTA）未见移位、明显内漏及“烟囱支架”闭塞等异常.结论 对于近端锚定区长度不足的胸主动脉夹层的患者,使用“烟囱支架技术”进行主动脉腔内修复是安全、有效的治疗方法.     

主动脉夹层合并冠心病的联合介入治疗（附8例报告）

目的评价覆膜支架联合PCI治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层合并冠心病的安全性和有效性。方法2005年1月至2007年7月完成的8例覆膜支架联合PCI治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层合并冠心病患者，首先完成主动脉夹层覆膜支架置入术，3～7d后完成PCI。观察住院期间及随访期间疗效。结果经左桡动脉行主动脉造影：夹层破裂口位于左锁骨下动脉外缘0～10mm 1例、11～30mm 4例，31～50mm 3例，其中1例有2个破裂口，余7例均为单破裂口。7例主动脉夹层向下累及肾动脉及其以下的血管。1例置入Talent支架，7例置入Aegis支架，共8枚（直径34—38mm，长度100—140mm）。1例覆膜支架封闭左锁骨下动脉，术后无上肢和脑缺血症状。覆膜支架置入成功率100％。术后即刻造影：4例近端破裂口完全封堵，4例少量残余内漏。术后住院期间2例胸背部仍有疼痛，复查增强螺旋CT，原内漏无扩大，经对症止痛逐渐好转，无截瘫、死亡等并发症发生。冠状动脉造影证实8例中单支病变4例，2支病变3例，3支病变1例。靶病变平均狭窄85．6％±14．0％．靶血管参考直径2．8±0．3mm。对11支靶血管共置入12枚支架，其中1例于前降支置入2枚相连支架。支架平均长度23．5±13．6mm。PCI即刻成功率100％，无PCI相关严重并发症发生。随访期1～31个月（平均18．0±8．5个月），8例均存活，无迟发内漏或需二次手术者及不良心脏事件发生。结论覆膜支架联合PCI治疗StanfordB型主动脉夹层合并冠心病安全可行，手术成功率高，术后患者恢复快，冠状动脉PCI的抗凝治疗未对大动脉支架术后构成不良影响，更长期的疗效需进一步随访观察。     

国产覆膜血管内支架置入术治疗老年Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床疗效观察

目的探讨国产覆膜血管内支架置入术对老年Stanford B型主动脉夹层治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法对7例Stanford B型的老年主动脉夹层患者进行增强CT扫描或MRI检查明确诊断，并行主动脉造影，应用QCA血管定量分析软件进行测量，选取合适型号支架，置人大血管内封堵主动脉夹层原发破口，重复造影观察支架位置，检查有无内漏。术后1w及6个月行CT随访，观察内漏情况、支架移位和假腔变化。结果本组7例老年患者支架置入全部获得成功，成功率100％，无严重并发症及死亡病例。术后即刻造影：全部患者夹层近端破口封闭，恢复真腔血流，1例见少量近端内漏，1例累及左锁骨下动脉开口病例应用国产覆膜血管支架也成功完成手术，即封堵夹层破口同时也封堵了左锁骨下动脉开口，未行旁路移植，但也未出现相应部位缺血的表现。全部患者行CT随访，3例主动脉夹层消失，余者假腔内血栓形成。结论国产覆膜支架置入术治疗老年Stanford B型主动脉夹层安全可行，并具有创伤小、并发症少、治疗费用较低等优点，近期疗效满意。     

主动脉夹层合并冠心病联合介入26例疗效评价

目的评价冠心病合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的患者行冠脉介入治疗(PCI)和覆膜支架联合介入治疗的疗效和安全性。方法收集2002年4月至2010年10月沈阳军区总医院完成的26例覆膜支架联合PCI治疗Stan-ford B型主动脉夹层合并冠心病患者,首先完成主动脉夹层覆膜支架置入术,3～7 d后完成PCI。观察近期及远期疗效。结果经桡动脉行主动脉造影:其中1例2个破口,夹层破口位于左锁骨下动脉外缘分别为15 mm和100 mm;其余25例均为单破口,夹层破口位于左锁骨下动脉外缘10 mm以下8例、10～30 mm 11例,>30～100 mm 6例。置入26枚支架,8例覆膜支架近心端部分或完全封闭左锁骨下动脉,术后左上肢桡动脉波动稍有减弱,但无上肢和脑缺血的症状。覆膜支架置入成功率100%。术后即刻造影:16例近端破口完全封堵,13例少量残余内漏。冠状动脉造影证实单支病变16例,2支病变8例,3支病变2例。靶病变平均狭窄(85.6±15.0)%,靶血管参考直径(2.8±0.3)mm。对32支靶血管共置入36枚支架。支架平均长度(25.5±13.6)mm。PCI即刻成功率100%,无PCI相关严重并发症发生。随访期12～114个月[平均(60±35)个月],26例均存活,无迟发内漏或需二次手术者及不良心脏事件发生。结论覆膜支架联合PCI治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层合并冠心病安全可行,手术成功率高,术后患者恢复快,冠脉PCI的抗凝治疗未对大动脉覆膜支架术后构成不良影响,近、远期疗效可靠。     

覆膜支架治疗37例Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的疗效分析

目的:分析覆膜支架腔内修复治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的临床疗效。方法:对2015年1月至2016年12月收治的37例因Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层行覆膜支架腔内修复术患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析,其中男性29例,女性8例。术前诊断依据临床表现及CT血管造影(CTA),术中造影再次评估病变部位及解剖位置,切开股动脉,行覆膜内支架置入,封堵原发破口,手术成功后再次造影检查。结果:37例患者共置入支架37枚,全部获得成功。术中造影见少量内漏4例,3例经支架近端球囊扩张后内漏消失,1例无需特殊处理。患者临床症状均明显改善,降主动脉及腹主动脉真腔明显扩大。结论:采用覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层安全、创伤小、恢复快,临床效果显著。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.