应用复合脱蛋白骨移植治疗新鲜长骨骨折——一种前瞻性临床比较研究

比较观察复合脱蛋白牛松质骨和自体松质骨移植治疗长骨新鲜骨折的疗效。采用前瞻性临床实验 ,按随机数字表分为实验组和对照组 ,实验组接受脱蛋白牛松质骨复合自体红骨髓治疗 ,对照组接受自体松质骨治疗。实验组有 1 54人共 1 64处骨折、对照组有 1 53人共 1 62处骨折接受了治疗 ,经平均随访 2 0个月 ,两组骨折愈合率及各种并发症均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5) ,但自体骨移植组手术时间明显长于牛松质骨组 (P <0 0 5) ,且供骨部有 3 0 %出现疼痛并有 2例感染。认为对于需骨移植的长骨新鲜性骨折应用脱蛋白牛松质骨复合自体红骨髓移植治疗 ,其疗效、安全性和自体骨移植相同 ,且能减少手术时间和取骨时产生的并发症     

自体髂骨移植联合BMP治疗四肢长骨干骨折不愈合

目的分析骨折不愈合的原因，探讨骨折不愈合的治疗方法。方法选取2006年4月至2007年10月45例长骨干骨折不愈合病例，手术取出原内固定．重新复位，选用坚强合适内固定材料固定骨折断端，植人骨形态发生蛋白复合材料及自体髂骨，对于骨质缺损较多者同时植入同种异体骨。结果术后随访5～20个月，伤口均一期愈合，至随访时43例达骨性愈合，未发现内固定钢板及髓内钉松动、折弯。其中2例患者活动时肘关节疼痛，1例活动范围在0°～120°之间，1例活动范围在0°～90°之间；1例肩关节活动受限，肩关节外展范围0°～80°；1例患者活动时膝关节疼痛，活动范围在0°～60°之间。结论内固定不牢固、骨质缺损是长骨干骨折不愈合的重要原因，提高四肢长骨干骨折愈合的关键是选择合适坚强的内固定，术中充分植骨及植入成骨活性物质，促进骨折的愈合。     

椎间盘镜下异体松质骨复合自体红骨髓植骨治疗骨不连及骨缺损

目的探讨椎间盘镜下异体松质骨复合自体红骨髓植骨治疗四肢长骨干骨不连及骨缺损的临床疗效。方法2003年9月～2006年9月,选择25例创伤后骨不连、骨缺损患者,其中胫骨9例,股骨13例,肱骨3例。骨不连、骨缺损引起须植骨长度1～6 cm,平均2.7 cm,均在椎间盘镜下行瘢痕清除,然后在骨缺损部位植入异体松质骨,再于髂骨取自体红骨髓15～20 ml注入植骨处。结果25例随访12～36个月,平均25个月,切口均一期愈合,无一例发生神经血管损伤症状。除2例术后内固定失败外,余23例骨不连、骨缺损均获骨性愈合,植骨生长良好,骨愈合时间4～9个月,平均5.1月,无感染及再出现骨不连。结论椎间盘镜下异体松质骨复合自体红骨髓植骨治疗骨不连和骨缺损,无须自体髂骨取骨,局部创伤小,血运破坏小,并发症少,骨愈合率高,是一种微创有效的治疗方法。     

髋前侧小切口植骨及内固定治疗中老年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨髋前侧小切口自体髂骨植骨及空心钉内固定治疗中老年移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效是否优于单纯空心钉内固定术。方法回顾分析2006年1月一2011年5月在我院治疗并获得随访的49例中老年移位型股骨颈骨折的临床资料,其中26例行单纯空心钉内固定术（对照组）,23例行髋前侧小切口自体髂骨植骨及空心钉内固定术（植骨组）,比较2组围术期情况和疗效。结果与对照组相比,植骨组手术时间长[（53．5±12．7）minVS．（40．4±9．7）min,t=4．084,P=0．000],术中出血量多[（66．1±22．7）mlvs．（46．4±13．8）ml,t=-3．719,P=0．000],术后住院时间无统计学差异[（7．1±2．9）dV8．（6．2±3．6）d,t=-0．955,P=0．344],但术后骨折愈合率高[100．0％（23／23）VS．76．9％（20／26）,P=0．016],股骨头缺血性坏死率低[8．7％（2／23）VS．34．6％（9／26）,X2=4．710,P=0．030]。49例随访12～48个月,平均25个月。根据髋关节功能Harris评分标准,植骨组术后评分显著高于对照组[（85．7±4．3）分vs．（79．1±6．2）分,t=-4．274,P=0．000]。结论髋前侧小切口自体髂骨植骨及空心钉内固定治疗中老年移位型股骨颈骨折,骨折愈合率高,股骨头缺血性坏死率较低,对中老年股骨颈骨折治疗具有积极意义。     

Autogenous Greater Omentum,as a Free Nonvascularized Graft,Enhances Bone Healing: An Experimental Nonunion Model

Reconstruction of vascularity is an early event in fracture healing and upregulation of angiogenesis may therefore promote the formation of bone. We have investigated the potentiality of autogenous free nonvascularized greater omentum to stimulate the formation of bone in an experimental hypertrophic nonunion model. Twelve dogs assigned into two identical groups underwent a standard nonunion operation. In the experimental group, this was followed by application of autogenous greater omentum as a free nonvascularized graft around the osteotomy gap. Radiographic assessments were conducted time-sequentially until euthanasia 16 weeks after surgery. Histological analysis was performed on the mid-radial diaphysis containing the 4-month-old osteotomy site. Radiological and histological properties of the group treated with free transplant of the greater omentum revealed complete union. In contrast, there was no evidence indicating union in the control group. Analyses of the radiological and histological scores confirmed that osteotomies treated with free transplant of the autogenous greater omentum had united, whereas the osteotomies of the control group failed to unite. Significant differences between the mean values for radiological and histological-grading score in the control and experimental groups were detected (p < 0.05). We showed that free graft of autogenous greater omentum could stimulate the formation of competent bone in an environment deprived of its normal vascularization. Hence, it could be recommended to enhance healing when the fractures are at risk of nonunion.     

胶原膜与复合自体骨髓的自体骨引导骨再生的实验研究

目的　观察胶原膜引导骨再生的效果 ,探讨胶原膜的理化特性、自体骨髓、膜下空间的维持在引导性骨再生中的作用。方法　建立兔双侧桡骨缺损模型 ,实验组移植胶原膜与复合自体骨髓的自体骨 ,对照组仅移植复合自体骨髓的自体骨 ,并行大体标本、组织学、生物力学检查。结果　实验组新骨生长及成熟骨替代过程较对照组快 ,且有增生的小血管及神经纤维。结论胶原膜是一种理想的骨移植材料 ,它能有效地发挥阻隔及引导的作用     

椎弓根钉系统联合椎体内混合植骨治疗严重胸腰椎压缩、爆裂性骨折

目的探讨采用椎弓根钉系统复位固定联合经椎弓根椎体内骨泥、颗粒骨混合植骨治疗严重胸腰椎压缩、爆裂性骨折的疗效。方法2001年1月-2008年1月对18例严重新鲜胸腰椎骨折先行滑脱、骨折内固定器系统（SF或AF）固定,后经椎弓根向复位椎体内植入自体骨泥、颗粒骨。结果术中无脊髓、神经损伤等并发症,术中出血量50-300 ml,平均80 ml。手术时间100-180 min,平均120 min。术后住院时间12-30 d,平均14 d。18例随访5-72个月,平均24个月,椎体高度和生理弧度恢复满意,无神经症状加重,17例椎体高度和生理弧度无丢失,1例生理弧度部分丢失,无固定松动、断裂。术前脊髓损伤Frankel分级：A级1例,B级1例,C级5例,D级3例,E级8例;术后恢复至B级1例,C级1例,E级16例。结论椎弓根钉系统内固定联合经椎弓根椎体内骨泥、颗粒骨混合植骨治疗严重胸腰椎压缩、爆裂性骨折,手术安全,效果满意。     

Evolution and Development of Ilizarov Technique in the Treatment of Infected Long Bone Nonunion with or without Bone Defects

The treatment of infected bone nonunion and bone defects is a considerable challenge in the orthopedics field. The standard clinical therapy methods include local free bone transplantation, vascularized bone graft, and the Ilizarov technique; the first two are controversial due to the iatrogenic self‐injury. The Ilizarov bone transport technique has been widely used to treat infected bone nonunion and bone defects, and good clinical effect has been demonstrated. Yet, it brings many related complications, which exerts additional suffering to the patient. The best treatment is to combine bone defect rehabilitation with infection control, intramedullary nail fixation, appropriate time for bone grafts, beaded type scaffold slippage and new Taylor fixation, reducing the external fixation time and the incidence of complications, thereby reducing the occurrence of patients'' physical and psychological problems. This review focuses on the induction, summary and analysis of the Ilizarov bone transport technique in the treatment of infected long bone nonunion with or without bone defects, providing new ideas and methods for orthopedic disease prevention and treatment by the Ilizarov technique, which is following the development direction of digital orthopedics.