Anterior and posterior vertebral column resection for severe and rigid idiopathic scoliosis

A total of 16 patients with severe and rigid idiopathic scoliosis treated by anterior and posterior vertebral column resection (APVCR) were retrospectively reviewed after a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The indication for APVCR was scoliosis more than 90° with flexibility less than 20%. The radiographic parameters were evaluated, and clinical records were reviewed. All patients underwent APVCR with posterior pedicle screw instrumentation in a two-stage surgery. The rib hump was reduced from 7.2 cm preoperatively to 1.8 cm at final follow-up (75% correction). Preoperative curves ranged from 93° to 110° Cobb angle. Coronal plane correction of the major curve averaged 67% with an average loss of correction of 1.4%. The apical vertebral translation of the major curve was corrected by 63.5%. The preoperative coronal imbalance of 0.9 cm (range 0–2.4) was improved to 0.8 cm (range 0.1–1.7) at the most recent follow-up. The preoperative sagittal imbalance of 1.0 cm (range −3.1 to 4.6) was improved to 0.9 cm (range −2.6 to 3.0) at the most recent follow-up. Complications were encountered in four patients. One patient required ventilator support for 12 h after anterior surgery. Malposition of one pedicle screw was found in one patient. Malposition of titanium mesh cage happened to two patients. There were no neurological complications, deep wound infections or pseudarthrosis. APVCR is an effective alternative for severe and rigid idiopathic scoliosis.     

Is there a need for anterior release for 70–90° thoracic curves in adolescent scoliosis?

Large and stiff thoracic scoliotic curves in the adolescent represent a classic indication of anterior release followed by posterior instrumentation. However, third-generation segmental spinal instrumentations have shown increased correction of thoracic curves. Indication for an anterior release may therefore not be required even in large and stiff thoracic curves. The objective of the study was, therefore, to analyze retrospectively the results of third-generation segmental posterior instrumentation in large and stiff thoracic curves and to compare our results with the current literature of anterior release followed by posterior instrumentation. An independent observer, who had not participated in any of the case, reviewed our electronic database of adolescent scoliosis surgery (Scolisoft) with the following query: thoracic curves, Cobb angle between 70° and 90° and posterior surgery only. He was able to identify 19 patients whose thoracic curves were measured between 70° and 90°. Out of these, four had convex-side bending Cobb angle values of less than 45° and were not included in the study, as they were judged too flexible. Fifteen patients (aged 11–18 years, mean 13.6 years) with thoracic scoliosis were left for the study (average Cobb angles 78.5° with a flexibility index of 32.5% (range, 19–42%). The mean follow-up period was 32 months (range 18–64 months). Classic parameters of deformity correction were analysed. The average operative time was 314 min and the mean total blood loss was 1,875 ml. Average level of instrumented vertebrae was 12 (Range, 10–14). Postoperatively, the thoracic Cobb angle was measured at 34.8° (range, 25–45°), which represents a correction rate of 54% (range, 40.0–67.1%) and remained unchanged at the last follow-up (35°). Patients with thoracic hypokyphosis improved from an average 11° to 18°. There were three complications (one excessive bleeding, one early infection and one late infection). One case showed an add-on phenomenon at the last follow-up. Coronal balance was improved from 1.8 cm (Range 0–4cm) down to 0.75 cm (range 0–2.5 cm). Shoulder balance was improved from 1.3 cm (range 0–4cm) down to 0.75 (0–2.5 cm). All patients reported satisfactory results except the patient with an adding-on phenomena. In the literature, most of the results of anterior thoracoscopic release and posterior surgery give a percentage of Cobb angle correction similar or inferior to our series for an average initial Cobb angle of less magnitude. Therefore, with adequate posterior release, and the use of third-generation segmental instrumentation there is no need for anterior release even for curves in the 70 –90° range.     

两种矫形方法治疗成人特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效比较

目的:比较单纯后路矫形术和一期前路松解、Halo-股骨髁上牵引加二期后路矫形术治疗成人特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效。方法:选取我院脊柱外科2003年1月～2007年12月收治的有完整影像学资料、Cobb角65°～90°的成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者30例,年龄20～30岁,平均23.4岁。均为初次手术,术前无神经损害。根据不同手术方法分为两组,行单纯后路矫形术的14例患者为A组,行一期前路松解、Halo-股骨髁上牵引及二期后路矫形术的16例患者为B组。两组患者术前侧凸Cobb角、胸椎后凸角、年龄、性别比、侧凸类型相匹配。随访时间为12～72个月,平均40个月。比较两组患者手术时间、出血量、住院时间、并发症情况、侧凸矫正率和冠状面平衡情况。结果:平均手术时间和平均住院时间A组分别为6.7±1.2h和24±18d,B组分别为9.9±1.4h和41±10d,B组均显著长于A组(P<0.05)。所有病例术后均无瘫痪、呼吸衰竭、死亡等并发症发生。术后侧凸矫正率A组为(51.3±11.8)%,B组为(64.5±11.6)%,B组显著大于A组(P<0.05);胸椎后凸角、C7中垂线与骶骨中线的距离A组为20.6°±8.4°、1.32±0.65cm,B组为20.4°±6.7°、1.30±0.70cm,两组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。末次随访时A组侧凸矫正丢失率为(3.5±2.4)%,B组为(2.8±1.5)%,两组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:两种治疗方案治疗中度成人特发性脊柱侧凸均可获得较好的畸形矫正,一期前路松解、Halo-双侧股骨髁上牵引可以增加侧凸Cobb角矫正率,但是存在显著增加手术时间和住院时间等不足。     

Anterior dual rod instrumentation in idiopathic thoracic scoliosis

For anterior correction and instrumentation of thoracic curves single rod techniques are widely used. Disadvantages of this technique include screw pullouts, rod fractures and limited control of kyphosis. This is a prospective study of 23 consecutive patients with idiopathic thoracic scoliosis treated with a new anterior dual rod system. Aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this new technique in the surgical treatment of idiopathic thoracic scoliosis. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the largest series on dual rod dual screw instrumentation over the entire fusion length in thoracic scoliosis. Twenty-three patients with an average age of 15 years were surgically treated with a new anterior dual rod system through a standard open double thoracotomy approach. Average clinical and radiological follow-up was 28 months (24–46 months). Fusion was carried out mostly from end-to-end vertebra. The primary curve was corrected from 66.6° to 28.3° (57.5% correction) with an average loss of correction of 2.0° at Cobb levels and of 1.3° at fusion levels. Spontaneous correction of the secondary lumbar curve averaged 43.2% (preoperative Cobb angle 41.2°). The apical vertebral rotation was corrected by 41.1% with a consecutive correction of the rib hump of clinically 66.7%. The thoracic kyphosis measured 29.2° preoperatively and 33.6° at follow-up. In seven patients with a preoperative hyperkyphosis of on average 47.3° thoracic kyphosis was corrected to 41.0°. This new instrumentation enables an entire dual rod instrumentation over the whole thoracic fusion length. It offers primary stability without the need of postoperative bracing. Dual screw dual rod instrumentation offers the advantages of a high screw pullout resistance, an increased overall stability and satisfactory sagittal plane control.     

Anterior release may not be necessary for idiopathic scoliosis with a large curve of more than 75° and a flexibility of less than 25%

Background Context

To improve correction and fusion rates, an anterior release is often needed for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis with a curve of more than 75° before posterior correction, instrumentation, and fusion. However, there are disadvantages to anterior release, and we are concerned about whether it is necessary for anterior-posterior spinal fusion in these patients.

Posterior-only surgery with strong halo-femoral traction for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliotic curves more than 100��

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis of >100° via posterior-only surgery with strong halo-femoral traction and posterior wide release. From December 2003 to August 2006, 121 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were treated in our hospital; among them, 29 patients with curves over 100° were included in this study. From December 2003 to June 2005, group A included the first 12 patients who underwent combined anterior release followed by two-week halo-femoral traction and then posterior instrumentation. From July 2005 to August 2006, 17 patients in group B underwent posterior surgery alone with strong halo-femoral traction and posterior wide release. All of the patients were followed-up for a minimum of 31 months (mean, 36 months; range, 31–41 months). There were no severe complications. All of the patients achieved bony fusion without instrumentation breakage or pseudarthrosis. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, type of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, preoperative coronal major curve values, major curve flexibility, or final follow-up major curve correction rate. The average operative time, blood loss and hospital stay in group B were less than those in group A. In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with Cobb >100°, posterior-only surgery with strong halo-femoral traction and posterior wide release can provide comparable curve correction with shorter operative time, less blood loss and shorter hospital stay when compared to combined anteroposterior surgery.     

Comparative analysis of pedicle screw and hook instrumentation in posterior correction and fusion of idiopathic thoracic scoliosis

Posterior correction and fusion with segmental hook instrumentation represent the gold standard in the surgical treatment of progressive idiopathic thoracic scoliosis. However, there is a debate over whether pedicle screws are safe in scoliosis surgery and whether their usage might enable a better curve correction and a shorter fusion length. The details of curve correction, fusion length and complication rate of 99 patients with idiopathic thoracic scoliosis treated with either hook or pedicle screw instrumentation were analyzed. Forty-nine patients had been operated with the Cotrel-Dubousset system using hooks exclusively ("hook group"). Fifty patients had been operated with either a combination of pedicle screws in the lumbar and lower thoracic and hooks in the upper thoracic spine or exclusive pedicle screw instrumentation using the Münster Posterior Double Rod System ("screw group"). The preoperative Cobb angle averaged 61.3 degrees (range 40 degrees-84 degrees ) in the hook group and 62.5 degrees (range 43 degrees-94 degrees ) in the screw group. Average primary curve correction was 51.7% in the hook group and 55.8% in the screw group ( P>0.05). However, at follow-up (2-12 years later) primary curve correction was significantly greater ( P=0.001) in the screw group (at 50.1%) compared to the hook group (at 41.1%). Secondary lumbar curve correction was significantly greater ( P=0.04) in the screw group (54.9%) compared to the hook group (46.9%). Correction of the apical vertebral rotation according to Perdriolle was minimal in both groups. Apical vertebral translation was corrected by 42.0% in the hook group and 55.6% in the screw group ( P=0.008). Correction of the tilt of the lowest instrumented vertebra averaged 48.1% in the hook group and 66.2% in the screw group ( P=0.0004). There were no differences concerning correction of the sagittal plane deformity between the two groups. Fusion length was, on average, 0.6 segments shorter in the screw group compared to the hook group ( P=0.03). With pedicle screws, the lowest instrumented vertebra was usually one below the lower end vertebra, whereas in the hook group it was between one and two vertebrae below the lower end vertebra. Both operative time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly higher in the hook group ( P<0.0001). One pedicle screw at T5 was exchanged due to the direct proximity to the aorta. There were no neurologic complications related to pedicle screw instrumentation. Pedicle screw instrumentation alone or in combination with proximal hook instrumentation offers a significantly better primary and secondary curve correction in idiopathic thoracic scoliosis and enables a significantly shorter fusion length.     

前后路分期脊椎切除治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的早期疗效

目的探讨前后路分期脊椎切除治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的早期疗效。方法 2009年7月至2009年12月,采用前后路分期脊椎切除后路矫形术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸11例,患者均为特发性脊柱侧凸,男5例,女6例,年龄11～20岁,平均14.8岁,Lenke分型：2型7例,4型4例。术前：主弯Cobb角92°～110°,平均100.2°;胸椎后凸Cobb角20°～86°,平均31.6°;冠状面失衡0～3.2 cm,平均1.8 cm;矢状面失衡-2.8～1.5 cm,平均-0.8 cm。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间3～6个月,平均4.5个月。所有患者均融合良好,无1例发生假关节及内固定失败,患者外观改善明显。主弯Cobb角：术后30°～48°,平均37.6°,矫正率63.2%;随访时30°～48°,平均38.7°,矫正率61.6%。胸椎后凸Cobb角：术后30°～42°,平均35.4°;随访时30°～43°,平均35.8°。冠状面失衡：术后0～1.8 cm,平均1.0 cm;随访时0～2.0 cm,平均1.1 cm。矢状面失衡：术后-1.7～4.0 cm,平均1.6 cm;随访时-1.5～3.5 cm,平均1.7 cm。1例术后需短期呼吸支持（24 h）,1例出现1枚螺钉位置不良（侧位片显示螺钉向上斜行进入椎间隙）,1例钛网位置不佳（正位片可见钛网倾斜）。所有患者切口均1期愈合,未发生感染、脊髓及神经根损伤。结论采用前后路分期脊椎切除后路矫形术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸疗效满意,安全性好。     

双侧肋骨截骨结合后路矫形固定治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸

目的探讨双侧肋骨截骨结合后路广泛松解椎弓根钉矫形治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法自2005年6月~2010年3月采用后路广泛松解结合双侧肋骨截骨(凹侧肋骨截骨抬高,凸侧肋骨切除胸廓成型术)矫治重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸18例。结果每例凹侧肋骨抬高数为3～6根,平均4.5根,凸侧肋骨切除数为3～5根,平均3.5根,肋骨切除长度为5～6 cm。术后主弯Cobb角冠状面为45.3°(38～87°),矫正率平均为54.1%;"剃刀背"畸形7～16°,平均11.2°,双侧背部高度差3.3 cm(1.8～4.3 cm),术后1年肺活量1.3～4.5 L,平均2.5 L,第1秒用力呼气容积FEV1.0 0.8～3.8 L,平均2.0 L。2例出现胸腔积液,2枚胸椎弓根钉误入椎管,未累及硬脊膜。结论后路广泛松解和一期双侧肋骨截骨术可显著改善侧凸的柔韧性,提高矫形效果,对肺功能无不良影响。     

Segmental pedicle screw instrumentation in idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis

The role of posterior correction and fusion in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis as well as pedicle screw instrumentation in scoliosis surgery are matters of debate. Our hypothesis was that in lumbar and thoracolumbar scoliosis, segmental pedicle screw instrumentation is safe and enables a good frontal and sagittal plane correction with a fusion length comparable to anterior instrumentation. In a prospective clinical trial, 12 consecutive patients with idiopathic thoracolumbar or lumbar scolioses of between 40° and 60° Cobb angle underwent segmental pedicle screw instrumentation. Minimum follow-up was 4 years (range 48– 60 months). Fusion length was defined according to the rules for Zielke instrumentation, normally ranging between the end vertebrae of the major curve. Radiometric analysis included coronal and sagittal plane correction. Additionally, the accuracy of pedicle screw placement was measured by use of postoperative computed tomographic scans. Major curve correction averaged 64.6%, with a loss of correction of 3°. The tilt angle was corrected by 67.0%, the compensatory thoracic curve corrected spontaneously according to the flexibility on the preoperative bending films, and led to a satisfactory frontal balance in all cases. Average fusion length was the same as that of the major curve. Pathological thoracolumbar kyphosis was completely corrected in all but one case. One patient required surgical revision with extension of the fusion to the midthoracic spine due to a painful junctional kyphosis. Eighty-five of 104 screws were graded “within the pedicle”, 10 screws had penetrated laterally, 5 screws bilaterally and 4 screws medially. No neurological complications were noted. In conclusion, despite the limited number of patients, this study shows that segmental pedicle screw instrumentation is a safe and effective procedure in the surgical correction of both frontal and sagittal plane deformity in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis of less than 60°, with a short fusion length, comparable to anterior fusion techniques, and minimal loss of correction. Received: 23 September 1999 Revised: 20 January 2000 Accepted: 26 January 2000     

Surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis with anterior dual rod instrumentation

BACKGROUND: In the surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis both anterior and posterior correction and instrumentation techniques are available. The aim of the present study was to analyse the results of a new anterior dual rod instrumentation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective analysis of radiometric and clinical parameters of 93 patients operated on between 1996 and 2004 using the Münster Anterior Dual Rod System. RESULTS: The average curve correction was 65% (fusion length usually Cobb levels) with a preoperative Cobb angle of 59 degrees. Postoperative loss of correction amounted to 1.5 degrees (average follow-up of 36 months). Apical vertebral derotation averaged 45% in the thoracic and 53% in the lumbar spine with a subsequent correction of the rib hump of 66% and the lumbar hump of 81%. There were no revisions or neurological complications. CONCLUSION: Anterior dual rod instrumentation enables an effective and safe three-dimensional curve correction in single structural curves with only minimal loss of correction.     

Halo-股骨髁上牵引对重度脊柱侧凸后路矫形的影响

目的探讨Halo-股骨髁上牵引对重度先天性脊柱侧凸及特发性脊柱侧凸患者后路矫形效果的影响。方法选取60例重度脊柱侧凸患者分为先天性脊柱侧凸组及特发性脊柱侧凸组,每组30例。CS组术前平均冠状面Cobb角、胸椎后凸分别为95．7°及70．2°。IS患者术前平均冠状面Cobb角、胸椎后凸为91．6°及50．6°。平均随访38个月。结果60例患者平均牵引23d,平均牵引重量16kg。IS组患者Halo牵引及后路矫形术后侧凸矫正率分别达39．3％、57．5％,胸椎后凸平均矫正33．7％。CS组Halo牵引及后路矫形术后侧凸矫正率分别达35．3％、45．2％,胸椎后凸平均矫正43．5％。两组患者后路矫形术后侧凸及后凸矫正率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。4例患者在牵引过程中并发臂丛神经麻痹,神经功能均在2个月内获得完全恢复。结论Halo-股骨髁上牵引可大幅提高脊柱侧凸尤其是特发性脊柱侧凸畸形矫正疗效。     

Anterior thoracoscopic surgery followed by posterior instrumentation and fusion in spinal deformity

Many authors believe thoracoscopic surgery is associated with a lower level of morbidity compared to thoracotomy, for anterior release or growth arrest in spinal deformity. Others believe that anterior release achieved thoracoscopically is not as effective as that achieved with the open procedure. We evaluated the clinical results, radiological correction and morbidity following anterior thoracoscopic surgery followed by posterior instrumentation and fusion, to see whether there is any evidence for either of these beliefs. Twenty-nine patients undergoing thoracoscopic anterior release or growth arrest followed by posterior fusion and instrumentation were evaluated from a clinical and radiological viewpoint. The mean follow-up was 2 years (range 1–4 years). The average age was 16 years (range 5–26 years). The following diagnoses were present: idiopathic scoliosis (n = 17), neuromuscular scoliosis (n = 2), congenital scoliosis (n = 1), thoracic hyperkyphosis (n = 9). All patients were satisfied with cosmesis following surgery. Twenty scoliosis patients had a mean preoperative Cobb angle of 65.1° (range 42°–94°) for the major curve, with an average flexibility of 34.5% (42.7°). Post operative correction to 31.5° (50.9%) and 34.4° (47.1%) at maximal follow-up was noted. For nine patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis, the Cobb angle averaged 81° (range 65°–96°), with hyperextension films showing an average correction to 65°. Postoperative correction to an average of 58.6° was maintained at 59.5° at maximal follow-up. The average number of released levels was 5.1 (range 3–7) and the average duration of the thoracoscopic procedure was 188 min (range 120–280 min). There was a decrease in this length of time as the series progressed. No neurologic or vascular complications occurred. Postoperative complications included four recurrent pneumothoraces, one surgical emphysema, and one respiratory infection. Thoracoscopic anterior surgery appears a safe and effective technique for the treatment of paediatric and adolescent spinal deformity. A randomised controlled trial, comparing open with thoracoscopic methods, is required. Received: 11 October 1999 Revised: 20 April 2000 Accepted: 16 May 2000     

Vertebral decancellation for severe scoliosis

STUDY DESIGN: The results of staged surgery including vertebral decancellation were reviewed retrospectively for 21 patients with severe scoliosis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the benefits and limitations of vertebral decancellation as new anterior surgical procedure. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The curvatures of severe scoliosis are often very rigid, and surgical correction using the anterior or posterior approach may not achieve the desired correction. Some studies reported neurologic complications might appear due to the aggressive approach or excessive correction force. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (average age, 17.0 years) with severe scoliosis, in whom Cobb angle was over 80 degrees (average angle, 107 degrees), underwent staged anterior and posterior spinal reconstruction. Vertebral decancellation was performed as anterior procedure, and until posterior instrumentation, halo traction was carried out. The transition of curvatures in coronal and sagittal planes was assessed in this series. RESULTS: The average correction rate of lateral curvature at the final follow-up was 46%. The average loss of correction was 2.5 degrees. Kyphosis, measured between T5 and T12, changed from 41 degrees to 36 degrees. Lordosis, measured between L1 and S1, changed from 56 degrees to 45 degrees. Transient neurologic deficit was seen in one case after vertebral decancellation. CONCLUSIONS: Staged surgery including vertebral decancellation is an effective surgical method for patients with severe scoliosis, where an inflexible rigid curve or the risk of occurrence of neurologic complications due to temporary correction may exist.     

合并胸腰段后凸的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的临床研究

目的 探讨合并胸腰段后凸的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的临床特点和手术治疗策略. 方法对2001年1月至2007年1月收治的413例AIS患者进行回顾性分析,合并胸腰段后凸者共10例,其中男2例,女8例;年龄12～18岁,平均14.3岁.侧凸类型包括PUMC Ⅱb2型3例,Ⅱc 3型4例,Ⅱd2型1例,Ⅲb型2例.单纯后路内固定术8例,前路松解+后路内固定术2例.术前、术后及随访时摄X线片,对侧凸类型、Cobb角、顶椎旋转度、顶椎偏距、侧凸柔韧性、胸腰段后凸、冠状面及矢状面躯干偏移进行评测和分析.结果 本组患者中双弯8例,三弯2例;胸腰弯/腰弯Cobb角≥45°者7例,柔韧性指数≤70%者6例,顶椎旋转度≥Ⅱ度者9例.所有病例的融合范围均符合PUMC分型原则.手术前后平均胸弯冠状面Cobb角分别为71.7°和37.4°,平均矫正率为47.8%;手术前后平均胸腰弯/腰弯冠状面Cobb角分别为65.0°和27.8°,平均矫正率为57.2%;手术前后平均胸腰段后凸分别为35.5°和4.2°,平均矫正率为88.2%.全部病例随访12～72个月,平均23.1个月;最终随访时无躯干失平衡发生. 结论 合并胸腰段后凸的AIS一般多为双弯或三弯,胸腰弯/腰弯畸形往往比较严重,并有明显的旋转畸形.对合并胸腰段后凸的AIS,应融合胸腰弯/腰弯以防止术后发生失代偿或后凸加重, PUMC分型可以有效识别病变类型并指导融合范围的选择.     

经前路松解联合后路固定治疗特发性脊柱侧凸

目的:评价经前路松解联合后路矫形对特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的51例(男16例,女35例;年龄8～17岁,平均13.2岁)特发性脊柱侧凸行前路松解及后路脊柱畸形矫形植骨融合术患者的临床资料及治疗结果。结果:本组中行前路松解、植骨,阻滞椎间盘平均2.4个。联合后路椎弓根钉(钩)-棒系统内固定,植骨、融合。术后特发性脊柱侧凸Cobb角<90°者额状平面平均矫正率为57%,矢状面后凸平均矫正率为50%;Cobb角>90°者额状平面平均矫正率为71%,矢状面后凸平均矫正率为74%。术后随访10～35个月,平均随访21.6个月,无矫正度的丢失及其他神经系统及血管损伤并发症。结论:脊柱前路松解安全、有效,联合后路相适应内固定系统矫形、植骨治疗特发性脊柱侧凸可获得满意治疗效果。     

特发性胸椎侧凸胸腔镜下前路矫形与开放小切口前路矫形的疗效比较

目的对特发性胸椎侧凸胸腔镜下前路矫形与开放小切口前路矫形的近期疗效进行比较。方法将23例特发性胸椎右侧凸患者分为两组,A组行胸腔镜下胸椎侧凸前路Eclipse矫形术,共8例,均为女性,平均年龄148岁,平均Cobb角54°,Risser征 ～ 。B组行开放小切口前路CDHTSRH矫形手术,共15例,男2例,女13例,平均年龄138岁,Cobb角平均57°,Risser征 ～ 。对两组病例的手术时间、术中出血量、固定节段、术后引流量、矫正效果以及早期矫正丢失等进行分析。结果两组患者在年龄、Cobb角、侧凸柔软性和固定节段等方面均具有可比性。A组平均手术时间(360±72)min,术中平均出血量(629±145)ml,术后平均引流量(500±150)ml,平均固定节段(74±11)个,平均Cobb角矫正率(74±14)%,经6～18个月随访,近期矫正丢失率(86±27)%。B组平均手术时间(246±64)min,术中平均出血量(300±110)ml,术后平均引流量(210±90)ml,平均固定节段(78±09)个,平均Cobb角矫正率(70±12)%,近期矫正丢失率(46±19)%。A组与B组相比,侧凸矫正率相似(P>005),但手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量,以及早期矫正丢失率等存在显著差异(P<005)。结论胸腔镜下胸椎侧凸前路矫形手术和开放小切口前路矫形手术具有各自的适应证和优缺点。对于青少年特发性胸椎侧凸     

Evaluation of deformity and hand function in cerebral palsy patients

Background

A retrospective study of staged surgery for severe rigid scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the result of staged surgery in treatment of severe rigid scoliosis and to discuss the indications.

Methods

From 1998 to 2006, 21 cases of severe rigid scoliosis with coronal Cobb angle more than 80° were treated by staged surgeries including anterior release and halo-pelvic traction as first stage surgery and posterior instrumentation and spinal fusion as second stage. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy(PSO) was added in second stage according to spine rigidity. Among the 21 patients, 8 were male and 13 female with an average age of 15.3 years (rang from 4 to 23 years). The mean pre-operative Cobb angle was 110.5° (80°-145°) with a mean spine flexibility of 13%. Radiological parameters at different operative time points were analyzed (mean time of follow-up: 51 months).

Results

External appearance of all patients improved significantly. The average correction rate was 65.2% (ranging from 39.8% to 79.5%) with mean correction loss of 2.23° at the end of follow-up. No decompensation of trunk has been found. Mean distance between the midline of C7 and midsacral line was 1.19 cm ± 0.51. Two patients had neurological complications: one patient had motor deficit and recovered incompletely.

Conclusion

Staged operation and halo-pelvic traction offer a safe and effective way in treatment of severe rigid scoliosis. Patients whose Cobb angle was more than 80° and the flexibility of the spine was less than 20% should be treated in this way, and those whose flexibility of the spine was less than 10% and the Cobb angle remained more than 70° after 1st stage anterior release and halo-pelvic traction should undergo pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in the second surgery.     

后路截骨短节段融合术联合双生长棒技术治疗严重僵硬先天性脊柱侧凸

 目的 评估后路截骨短节段融合术联合双棒生长棒技术治疗严重、僵硬先天性脊柱侧凸的初步疗效。方法 回顾性研究2006年至2011年行截骨短节段融合联合双棒生长棒技术治疗7例先天性脊柱侧凸患者资料,男2例,女5例;年龄2～10岁,平均5.9岁;Risser征均为0度。记录患儿年龄、撑开次数及并发症。对影像学资料进行测量分析,测量指标包括在站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上侧凸Cobb角、胸后凸、腰前凸、T₁～S₁距离及内固定的长度,对畸形的矫正情况以及脊柱、胸廓的生长状况进行评估。结果 7例患儿共接受后路截骨短节段融合联合生长棒手术48次,其中41次为撑开术,平均每例患儿经历5.9次撑开术。7例患儿均获得随访,随访时间36～83个月,平均为59.4个月。冠状面主弯度数术前81.4° ,术后40.1° ,末次随访时41.1°。T₁～S₁从术前23.7 cm增至术后的27.0 cm,末次随访时为32.8 cm,平均年增长率为1.12 cm/年。内固定节段初次手术术后为20.5 cm,末次随访时为25.0 cm。坎贝尔的空间供肺比值（Campbell’s space available for lung ratio, SAL）,术前为0.87,术后改善至0.95,末次随访时为0.97。1例患儿因脊柱生长致生长棒可撑开部分不足接受换棒术。末次随访时,无一例患儿发生并发症。结论 截骨短节段融合联合双棒生长棒技术治疗严重、僵硬先天性脊柱侧凸安全、有效,可在维持矫形的同时,保留大部分脊柱的生长潜力,但是该技术创伤较大、手术难度较高、需多次手术。     

Efficacy of perioperative halo-gravity traction for treatment of severe scoliosis (≥100°)

Background

There have been no standardized surgical options for severe scoliotic curvatures ≥100°. Halo-gravity traction is a viable option for surgical treatment of severe scoliosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of perioperative halo-gravity traction for scoliosis curves ≥100° with respect to radiographic outcomes and clinical complications.

Methods

A total of 21 scoliosis patients with ≥100° curves (average 118.7°; range 100°-158°) with a minimum 2-year follow-up (average 41.8 months; range 24.0-97.0 months) who underwent spinal instrumented fusion using perioperative halo-gravity traction were analyzed. Diagnoses were neuromuscular scoliosis (n = 10), idiopathic (n = 9), and congenital (n = 2). In all, 15 patients were treated by the anterior release procedure followed by final posterior fusion and 6 patients by posterior fusion alone. Six patients had only preoperative traction preceding posterior fusion alone, 6 patients only staged traction between anterior release and final posterior fusion, and 9 patients had both preoperative traction preceding anterior release and staged traction preceding final posterior fusion. The average overall traction period in all patients was 67 days (range 10–78 days).

Results

Radiographic outcomes demonstrated 51.3% correction of the major Cobb angle, 40 mm correction of apical vertebral translation, 76 mm increase of T1-S1 length, and 20.7% increase of space available for lungs at the ultimate follow-up (all comparisons P < 0.05). Preoperative traction demonstrated 27.5% correction of the major curve Cobb angle, 51.5 mm increase of T1-S1 length, 14.9% increase of space available for the lungs (all comparisons P < 0.05). Staged traction after anterior release demonstrated 37.2% correction of the major curve Cobb angle, 26.1 mm correction of apical vertebral translation, 56.5 mm increase of T1-S1 length, 14.2% increase of space available for the lungs (all comparisons P < 0.05). There were only two patients with a pin-site problem, and one required débridement. There were no neurological deficits or clinical complications.

Conclusions

Scoliosis patients with ≥100° curves can be managed successfully by corrective fusion surgery concomitant with perioperative halo-gravity traction without significant complications.