急性脑梗死患者血清尿酸、超敏C反应蛋白的改变及其临床意义

目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清尿酸(UA)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的改变及其临床意义。方法采用尿酸酶比色法和免疫散射比浊法检测101例ACI患者(ACI组)及40例正常对照者(正常对照组)的血清UA和hs-CRP水平。采用NIHSS评分评价ACI组患者的神经功能缺损程度。根据NIHSS评分,将患者分为轻度缺损亚组(≤5分)、中度缺损亚组(5~15分)及重度缺损亚组(15分)。结果ACI组血UA及hs-CRP水平显著高于正常对照组(均P0.01)。与轻度缺损亚组比较,中度缺损亚组及重度缺损亚组的UA及hs-CRP水平均显著升高(均P0.05)。重度缺损亚组UA及hs-CRP水平均显著高于中度缺损亚组(均P0.05)。结论 ACI患者血清尿酸和超敏C反应蛋白水平显著增高,与ACI严重程度有关。     

血清Hcy hs-CRP及TNF-α水平与急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度的相关性研究

目的研究血清Hcy、hs-CRP及TNF-α水平与急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度相关性。方法随机选取2012-08—2015-08我院收治的80例急性脑梗死患者(研究组),另选取80例同期健康体检者为对照组,运用免疫比浊法对2组患者的血清hs-CRP水平进行测定,运用ELISA对2组患者的血清Hcy、TNF-α水平进行测定,然后对2组的血清Hcy、hs-CRP及TNF-α水平,研究组中不同类型患者的血清Hcy、hs-CRP及TNF-α水平进行统计分析。结果研究组患者的血清Hcy、hs-CRP及TNF-α水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),均随着脑梗死灶体积的增大、NDS评分的提高而提高(P0.05)。结论血清Hcy、hs-CRP及TNF-α水平与急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度呈显著正相关关系,有效检测血清Hcy、hsCRP及TNF-α水平能够将有效判断患者病情及预后。     

早期高压氧治疗对急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-8、ET-1的影响及预后的临床分析

目的 探讨早期高压氧治疗后急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清超敏反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、IL-6、IL-8和ET-1水平变化及临床意义.方法 将120例急性脑梗死患者随机分为2组,应用放射免疫法测定血清hs-CRP水平,用ELISA法检测血清IL-6、IL-8和ET-1水平以及用NIHSS对患者的神经功能进行评估.结果 高压氧治疗组1周后血清 hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-8、ET-1水平较对照组明显下降(P均＜0.05),并与神经功能恢复有关.结论 急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-8、ET-1水平与神经功能缺损程度评分有关.     

急性脑梗死患者血清脂蛋白(a)、超敏C反应蛋白水平的改变及其临床意义

目的 探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的改变及其临床意义.方法 采用免疫比浊法和免疫散射比浊法检测101例ACI患者、40名正常对照者(NC组)的血清Lp(a)和hs-CRP水平.对ACI患者进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NISSH)评分；比较不同NIHSS评分患者的血清Lp(a)和hs-CRP水平.对ACI患者的血清Lp(a)与hs-CRP水平相关性进行分析.结果 ACI组血清Lp(a)和hs-CRP水平均明显高于NC组(均P＜0.05).ACI组NIHSS评分＜5分、5～15分和＞15分3个亚组之间血清Lp(a)、hs-CRP水平的差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)；NIHSS评分越高的亚组,其血清Lp(a)、hs-CRP水平越高.血清Lp(a)与hs-CRP水平之间呈正相关(r=0.457,P＜0.05).结论 ACI患者的血清LP(a)和hs-CRP水平明显增高.并且Lp(a)和hs-CRP在ACI发病中可能有相互协同作用.     

血清同型半胱氨酸和高敏C反应蛋白与脑梗死的相关性研究

目的观察脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和高敏c反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的变化,探讨两者与脑梗死严重程度的关系。方法测定91例脑梗死患者和52例健康对照者的血清Hcy、hs-CRP水平,并分析其与脑梗死患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分和脑梗死面积大小的相关性。结果脑梗死患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP水平明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01)。脑梗死不同临床分型组间血清Hcy、hs-CRP水平两两比较,Hcy水平差异均明显(P<0.05),hs-CRP水平差异显著(P<0.01)。脑梗死患者Hcy、hs-CRP水平与临床神经功能缺损程度评分呈正相关(r=0.262、0.398,P<0.01),且Hcy、hs-CRP水平与脑梗死面积大小呈正相关(r=0.446、0.563,P<0.01)。结论 Hcy和hs-CRP可作为反映脑梗死的病情严重程度的预测因子。     

急性脑梗死患者血超敏C反应蛋白和D-二聚体含量的改变及其临床意义

目的 探讨颈内动脉系统急性脑梗死患者血超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和D-二聚体(D-Dimer)含量的变化及其意义.方法 测定69例急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP和血浆D-Dimer含量,并与正常对照组进行比较;分析血清hs-CRP与血浆D-Dimer含量及其与神经功能缺损程度评分(NIHSS)、脑梗死面积的关系.结果 急性脑梗死组血hs-CRP和D-Dimer含量明显高于正常对照组(均P＜0.05),脑梗死中重度组明显高于轻度组(均P＜0.05);脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP和血浆D-二聚体含量分别与脑梗死面积、NIHSS评分呈正相关(r=0.323和0.440;r=0.415和0.586,均P＜0.05).结论 急性脑梗死患者血hs-CRP及D-Dimer 含量明显增高.观察血hs-CRP及D-Dimer水平的改变对于判断脑梗死病情轻重具有重要的意义.     

动态检测血清S100B蛋白与同型半胱氨酸对急性脑梗死的诊断价值

目的探讨动态检测血清S100B蛋白和Hcy水平对急性脑梗死(ACI)的诊断价值。方法选取72例ACI患者按病情分为轻、中、重型损伤3组各24例,于患者发病后首日及第3、6、14天采样进行血清S100B和Hcy检测,并对患者进行NIHSS评分,同期选择正常人24例测定血清S100B和Hcy,4组结果进行比较并分析S100B和Hcy与病情、NIHSS之间的相关性。结果除发病第14天轻型组血清S100B、Hcy水平与对照组无明显差异外,其他时间点测定结果均为S100B、Hcy水平重型组中型组轻型组对照组(P均0.05);血清Hcy、S100B与患者病情严重程度、同期NIHSS评分均呈正相关。结论血清Hcy、S100B联合检测是诊断ACI早期、特异、准确的检查方法,值得临床推广。     

急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度与血清H-FABP、CD62P水平的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度与血清心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)、血小板α颗粒膜蛋白(CD62P)的关系。方法 选择本院收治的180例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,将其分为轻度组、中度组、重度组3组,每组各60例,以同期体检健康者60例为对照组; 采用神经功能缺损评分量表(NIHSS评分)评定急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度,通过酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测各组血清神经功能缺损指标(NES、S100B)及H-FABP、CD26P水平,分析神经功能缺损程度与血清H-FABP、CD26P的关系。结果 急性脑梗死重度组与中度组NIHSS评分、NES及S100B水平均高于急性脑梗死轻度组,而中度组高于轻度组(P<0.01); 急性脑梗死组血清H-FABP、CD26P水平均高于对照组,急性脑梗死重度组与中度组高于急性脑梗死轻度组,而中度组血清H-FABP、CD26P水平高于轻度组(P<0.01); 急性脑梗死患者血清H-FABP、CD26P水平与神经功能缺损程度呈正相关。结论 急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度与血清H-FABP、CD26P水平呈显著正相关,推测临床可参照血清H-FABP、CD26P水平来评估急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度。     

急性脑梗死患者血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2水平的改变及其与病情的关系

目的 研究急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(LP-PLA2)水平的改变及其与病情的关系.方法 91例ACI患者按照美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分分为轻型ACI组(NIHSS评分＜4分)、中型ACI组(4～15分)、重型ACI组(＞15分).应用酶联免疫吸附法测定ACI患者及31名正常对照者的血清LP-PLA2水平.ACI患者NIHSS评分与血清LP-PLA2水平的关系用Spearman相关分析.结果 ACI组的血清LP-PLA2水平显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);重型ACI亚组血清LP-PLA2水平又显著高于中型ACI亚组和轻型ACI亚组(均P＜0.01).经Spearman相关分析,ACI患者的NIHSS评分与血清LP-PLA2水平呈正相关(r=0.485,P＜0.001).结论 ACI患者的血清LP-PLA2水平显著升高,病情越重者升高越明显.     

急性脑梗死血清Hcy和hs-CRP的变化及与病情的相关性研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死血清Hcy和hs-CRP的变化及其与疾病严重程度的相关性。方法选择2015-02—2017-02在绵阳市第三人民医院就诊的急性脑梗死患者197例,抽取同期健康体检者116例为对照组,采用NIHSS评分判定病情严重程度,检测血清Hcy和hs-CRP水平。观察健康体检者、不同病情程度脑梗死血清Hcy和hs-CRP水平及其与急性脑梗死严重程度的相关性。结果急性脑梗死者血清Hcy、hs-CRP水平显著高于健康体检者(P0.01);中度患者Hcy、hs-CRP水平显著高于轻度(P0.01),重度患者显著高于轻度和中度(P0.01);Spearman相关分析显示,血清Hcy、hs-CRP水平与急性脑梗死病情呈显著正相关(r=0.745、0.783,P0.01)。结论血清Hcy和hs-CRP水平在评定脑梗死病情严重程度方面具有较高临床价值。     

Environmental factors in the development and progression of late-onset Alzheimer＇s disease

Late-onset Alzheimer＇s disease （LOAD） is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual loss of synapses and neurons, but its pathogenesis remains to be clarified. Neurons live in an environment constituted by neurons themselves and glial cells. In this review, we propose that the neuronal degeneration in the AD brain is partially caused by diverse environmental factors. We first discuss various environmental stresses and the corresponding responses at different levels. Then we propose some mechanisms underlying the specific pathological changes, in particular, hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis dysfunction at the systemic level; cerebrovascular dysfunction, metal toxicity, glial activation, and Aβ toxicity at the intercellular level; and kinase-phosphatase imbalance and epigenetic modification at the intracellular level. Finally, we discuss the possibility of developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of LOAD from the perspective of environmental stress. We conclude that environmental factors play a significant role in the development of LOAD through multiple pathological mechanisms.     

高血压脑出血的显微外科治疗进展

高血压脑出血（Hypertensive intrac-rebral hemorrhage,HICH）是具有高发病率、高病死率、高致残率的急性脑血管疾病,占所有脑卒中患者的10%-20%,早期病死率可高达49.4%。随着人口老龄化,其发病率逐年提高;而外科手术的干预,使其病死率有所下降,但致残率居高不下。如何提高手术疗效和患者生存质量,一直是神经外科医师努力的方向。微侵袭血肿清除术因其手术创伤小,恢复快,是目前国内治疗高血压脑出血的重要手段。     

头痛 呕吐伴意识不清简

病历摘要 患者男性,48岁。主因突发头痛、呕吐伴意识不清18h,于2013年4月21日入院。入院前18h无明显诱因突发头痛,呈全脑爆发性剧痛,伴非喷射状呕吐,呕吐物为胃内容物和暗红色血性液体。发病后意识状态呈渐进性下降,至入院前2h处于昏迷状态,呼之不应,刺激四肢无反应。病程中无双眼凝视、口角歪斜、肢体抽搐等症状。     

神经内镜联合亚低温治疗高血压基底节区脑出血

目的 探讨神经内镜联合亚低温在治疗高血压基底节区脑出血中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析我院神经内镜治疗高血压基底节区脑出血患者40例的临床资料,并对治疗结果进行分析.结果 神经内镜治疗组22例(甲组),神经内镜联合亚低温治疗组18例(乙组),术后3个月根据GCS评分,甲组恢复良好1例,中残4例,重残6例,植物生存6例,死亡5例;乙组恢复良好4例,中残8例,重残3例,植物生存1例,死亡2例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组颅内压比较第1天两者差异不明显,但第2、3天亚低温组颅内压明显降低.结论 神经内镜是治疗高血压基底节区脑出血较为有效的手术方式,联合亚低温治疗能有效降低颅内压,改善术后神经功能恢复,具有较好的临床应用价值.     

心理干预对恶性肿瘤患者疼痛及焦虑抑郁状态的影响

目的 心理干预对恶性肿瘤患者疼痛及焦虑抑郁状态的影响.方法 将85例伴有疼痛的恶性肿瘤患者随机分为对照组42例和观察组43例,对照组给予三阶梯止痛治疗,观察组在给予三阶梯治疗的基础上对患者进行心理干预,采用问卷调查方式进行焦虑自评量表(SAS),抑郁自评量表( SDS)的评定.结果 伴有疼痛的恶性肿瘤病人存在着相当严重程度的焦虑/抑郁情绪,观察组疼痛治疗效果及焦虑抑郁状态均好于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 伴有疼痛的恶性肿瘤患者普遍存在抑郁焦虑的心理问题,并且随着癌痛程度加重而加重,心理干预不仅对改善疼痛有着重要的作用;而且能够改善恶性肿瘤患者焦虑抑郁的心理状态,提高患者生活质量.     

内观认知疗法对抑郁症患者临床症状、生活质量和社会功能的影响

目的探讨了内观认知疗法（NCT）合并药物对于改善抑郁症患者抑郁症状、社会功能和生活质量的疗效。方法对抑郁症患者在药物治疗基础上,分别合并给予NCT和支持性心理治疗（SP）;以汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-17）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、临床总体印象量表（CGI）、健康状况调查问卷（SF-36）、社会功能量表（SFRS）进行评估。结果NcT治疗后较SP治疗后CGI—S、HAMD、SDS、SFRS评分降低;SF-36评分提高。结论合并药物治疗前提下NCT较SP能够更显著改善抑郁症患者的抑郁症状、社会功能和生活质量。     

Express,on of estrogen receptor alpha,nerve growth factor,interleukin-2, and androgen receptor in the cerebellum of ovariectomized rats following soybean isoflavone treatment

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that estrogen receptor alpha （ERα）, nerve growth factor （NGF）, interleukin-2 （IL-2）, and androgen receptor （AR） expression in the cerebellum decreases when estrogen levels decrease in vivo. Soybean isoflavone, a type of non-steroid estrogen with similar molecular structure and function to estradiol, exhibits estrogen-like characteristics. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of various doses of soybean isoflavone on expression of ERa, NGF, IL-2, and AR in the cerebellum of ovariectomized rat, and to determine whether there is a dose-dependent effect.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Controlled trial at the cellular and molecular level. The study was performed at the Experimental Animal Engineering Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University from July 2006 to May 2008. MATERIALS： Soybean isoflavone, comprised of daidzin, genistein and isoflavone, was provided by Taiyuan Yuantai Biochemical Industry, China. The ERα, NGF, IL-2, and AR in situ hybridization kit, rabbit anti-rat ERa, NGF, IL-2, and AR monoclonal antibodies, and SABC kit were purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, China. METHODS： A total of 50 female, Sprague Dawley rats, aged 3 months, were randomly assigned to 5 groups, with 10 animals in each group. With the exception of the sham-operation group （abdominal cavity opening alone）, all rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy. At 14 days after surgery, rats in the high-, middle-, and low-dose soybean isoflavone groups were subcutaneously injected with 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 mg/kg soybean isoflavone, respectively, every 2 days for 6 consecutive weeks. Rats in the sham-operation and ovariectomized groups were subcutaneously injected with absolute alcohol （0.5 mL/kg）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression levels and distribution of ERα, NGF, IL-2, and AR in the cerebellum were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS： Compared with the sham-operation group, immunoreactive products and hybridization signals of ERa, NGF, IL-2, and AR were significantly decreased in the cerebellar cortex and nuclei of ovariectomized rats （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）, but increased following soybean isoflavone treatment. In particular, levels of the high-dose soybean isoflavone group were almost restored to levels of the sham-operation group （P 〉 0.05）. The immunoreactive products were primarily located in the cytoplasm and neurites, and rarely in the cell membrane and nuclei. However, the hybridization signals were predominantly located in the nuclei, but rarely in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, or neurites. CONCLUSION： Soybean isoflavone upregulated ERα, NGF, IL-2, and AR protein and gene expression in a dose-dependent manner, and played an important role in sustaining and protecting structure and function of cerebellar neurons. Moreover, the similarity of expression patterns of these molecules indicated that they were mutually interactive during the regulation of soybean isoflavone to the cerebellum.     

阿尔茨海默病治疗的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种隐匿性起病,进行性恶化的神经退行性疾病,临床最初表现为认知功能障碍,并有可能在5～10年内完全衰退。患者往往伴随严重的记忆力丧失、精神行为异常、人格改变、言语功能障碍,无法独立生活,最终近乎于植物状态。Ferri等采用DISMOD软件在全球60岁以上人群中估计,全球的痴呆患者人数到2040年将达到8llO万左右。     

Total saponins of Panax ginseng effects on proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic neural stem cells and in a Parkinson’s disease mouse model

BACKGROUND： Total saponins of Panax ginseng （TSPG） exhibits neuroprotection against Parkinson＇s disease in the substantia nigra. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of TSPG on human embryonic neural stem cells （NSCs） proliferation and differentiation into dopaminergic neurons using in vitro studies, and to observe NSC differentiation in a mouse model of Parkinson＇s disease, as well as behavioral changes before and after transplantation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vitro neural cell biology trial and in vivo randomized, controlled animal trial were performed at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University between September 2004 and December 2007. MATERIALS： TSPG （purity 〉 95%） was isolated, extracted, and identified by Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica. Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and recombinant human epidermal growth factor （EGF） were purchased from PeproTech, USA. A total of 25 C57/BL6J mice, aged 18-20 weeks were included. Twenty were used to establish a Parkinson＇s disease model with i.p. injection of MPTP （1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine） and TSPG alone or combined with interleukin-1 （IL-1）-treated NSCs prior to transplantation into the corpus striatum. The remaining five mice were pretreated for 3 days with TSPG prior to MPTP injection, serving as the TSPG prevention group. METHODS： Primary NSCs were isolated, cultured and purified from embryonic cerebral cortex. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect specific antigen expression in the NSCs. In vitro experiment： （1） to induce proliferation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, EGF＋bFGF, or TSPG＋EGF＋bFGF, respectively; （2） to induce dopaminergic neuronal differentiation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, IL-1, or TSPG＋IL-1, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： In vitro experiment： the effects of TSPG on NSCs proliferation were evaluated with flow cytometry and MTT assay. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was determined by immunocytochemistry assay to observe effects of TSPG on dopaminergic neuronal differentiation. In vivo experiment： differentiation of grafted NSCs in the mouse brain was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Behavioral changes were evaluated by spontaneous activity frequency, memory function, and score of paralysis agitans. RESULTS： （1） NSCs were cultured and passaged for more than three passages. Immunocytochemistry revealed positive nestin staining, as well as neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. （2） TSPG significantly increased NSC proliferation, in particular when combined with EGF and bFGF, which was twice as effective as FGF or bFGF alone. TSPG also induced dopaminergic differentiation in NSCs, in particular when TSPG was added together with IL-1, resulting in an effect five times greater than that of IL-1 alone. （3） At day 30 following transplantation, most NSCs in the TSPG prevention group differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, and the scores of paralysis agitans, spontaneous activity, and memory function were significantly increased compared with TSPG alone or TSPG＋IL-1 groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： TSPG stimulated NSC proliferation, in particular when combined with FGF and bFGF. TSPG significantly induced dopaminergic neuronal differentiation of NSCs, and the effect was greater when combined with IL-1. In addition, TSPG greatly improved behavior in the Parkinson＇s disease mouse model following NSC transplantation. Following NSC transplantation, TSPG pretreatment exhibited superior efficacy over either TSPG alone or TSPG in combination with IL-1, in terms of behavioral improvements in the Parkinson＇s disease mouse model.