三维增强磁共振静脉成像评价颅内静脉系统

目的:比较三维增强FLASH序列和2D TOF序列MR静脉成像(MRV)对颅内静脉系统的诊断价值.方法:本组11例中健康志愿者6例(正常组),脑静脉窦血栓形成患者5例(病变组),均同时行3D增强FLASH和2D TOF序列MRV扫描,病变组5例患者同时行DSA检查.将脑内主要静脉(14支)的显示情况分为3级:满意显示,一般显示和未显示.比较两种扫描方法对脑内静脉和静脉血栓的显示情况.结果:正常组中三维增强FLASH和2D TOF序列对所观察的14支脑静脉的满意显示率、一般显示率和未显示率分别为88.10%,5.95%,5.95%和30.95%,53.57%,15.48%.三维增强FLASH未显示结构主要为下矢状窦.病变组5例中DSA共发现12处血管病变,三维增强FLASH显示优于2D TOF 10处,两者相仿2处.结论:三维增强FLASH对脑静脉系统的显示优于2D TOF序列,可以提供高质量的脑内静脉结构的图像,对诊断脑静脉内血栓形成有重要临床价值.     

女性盆腔静脉磁共振DCE-MRA成像技术初探

目的 探讨磁共振DCE-MRA成像技术对女性盆腔静脉血管成像中的显像方法及临床应用。方法 搜集临床怀疑有女性盆腔病变行盆腔平扫+增强扫描的20例患者影像资料，增强扫描先行常规MRI平扫，再行增强扫描，增强扫描前先行冠状位蒙片扫描，增强时血管成像采用MRI-flash-3D-DCE-MRA-cor序列，根据动脉成像情况再决定扫描1～3组，中间穿插或静脉血管扫描后再运用T₁-fl3D-fs-tra、T₁-fl3D-fs-cor、T₁-fl3D-fs-sag序列进行脏器增强扫描，并通过减影技术提取静脉显示较好的影像进行重建。观察盆腔静脉图像的显示情况并进行评分和展示盆腔静脉病变的影像表现。结果 20例患者盆腔静脉影像总体评分为4.54±0.64,图像质量好，满足诊断需求。女性盆腔静脉病变显示：盆腔静脉血管变异4例，子宫肌瘤压迫静脉导致静脉管腔狭窄或远段静脉淤血6例，左侧髂总静脉受右侧髂总动脉卡压5例，宫颈癌盆腔静脉血管管腔迂曲增粗、增多4例，盆腔静脉淤血综合征1例。结论 MRI flash-3d-DCE-MRA-cor序列展示...     

透视跟踪技术3DCE-MRA在诊断下肢动脉病变中的应用

目的探讨透视跟踪技术三维动态增强磁共振血管造影(3DCE-MRA)在下肢动脉病变中的临床应用价值。方法在161例疑有下肢血管病变做下肢3 D CE-MRA的患者中随机抽取50例,对其成像表现及均值曲线(mean curve)进行回顾性分析。结果当靶血管感兴趣区(腹主动脉腹腔干水平)对比剂信号强度mean值上升到40～60范围内开始触发扫描,也就是感兴趣区有造影剂显影第4～6s触发扫描能准确地观察3段(下腹及盆腔、大腿、小腿)动脉血管,3段血管充盈饱满并且静脉干扰少。结论透视跟踪技术3 DCE-MRA能较好地显示下肢动脉病变的范围和程度,具有操作简便、快捷、节省造影剂用量等优点,而触发扫描时间点的正确选择更有利于动脉病变的检出,可为临床诊断提供更准确的信息。     

肾动脉高分辨力三维增强磁共振血管成像术:透视触发和并行采集技术使用初探

目的:评估透视触发和并行采集技术用于肾动脉高分辨力三维增强磁共振血管成像术的可行性和对肾动脉的显影诊断效果。方法:90例临床诊断或怀疑肾动脉或腹主动脉病变的患者行高分辨力肾动脉三维增强磁共振血管成像(3D CE MRA)。使用透视触发软件启动肾动脉3D CE MRA扫描,扫描采用K空间中心填充法和加速因子为2的并行采集技术。分析图象质量和病变显示情况,并与其它检查结果对照。结果:肾动脉3D CE MRA显示了90例患者共810支动脉段(100%显示率),平均显示等级为3.88。3D CE MRA显示8例11支副肾动脉,显示等级均为4.0。肾动脉段级分支的显示率为73%(66/90例)。所有病例在动脉显示区静脉均未显影或显影很淡,平均等级为0.20。3D CE MRA发现639支动脉段正常;66支动脉段管壁不规则;55支动脉段轻度狭窄;37支动脉段严重狭窄;2支动脉段闭塞;11支动脉段动脉瘤形成。其中96支肾动脉存在狭窄,11支副肾动脉均正常。共有43例病例,肾动脉3D CE MRA与其它血管成像技术作了比较,3D CE MRA的检查结果与之完全符合。结论:透视触发并行采集肾动脉高分辨力3D CE MRA简单可行,成像时间短,空间分辨力高,能清楚显示肾动脉且无静脉污染。     

脑内静脉窦血栓形成MRI表现的再探讨和MR静脉成像的选择

目的：明确脑内静脉血栓形成的脑内MRI表现和MR血管造影的诊断及检查方法。材料和方法：共9例病人，男性2例，女性7例。年龄30－56岁，平均38．2岁。使用Siemens-vision-plus超导高场MRI系统，场强1．5T。采用常规SE序列，tuberSE，TOF血管成像（用于动脉血管显示），PC法20静脉血管成像和增强3D静脉血管成像（用于矢状窦显示）。结果：MR的动脉血管成像显示阳性率为0％，2D和3D静脉血管成像阳性率为100％，3D增强静脉血管造影可更好地显示阻塞的静脉。脑实质内均有阳性表现，表现为矢状窦旁白质区对称或非对称性异常改变，呈斑片状和片状，T1W为低信号，T2W为高信号。增强后脑膜强化2例。合并脑内出血5例。结论：MRI结合MR静脉血管造影，尤其增强3D静脉血管造影是诊断脑内静脉血栓形成的有效手段。     

3.0T T2*WI磁共振成像技术在脑内病变的应用

目的 探讨T2*WI磁共振成像技术在脑部疾病中的临床应用价值.方法 收集疑有脑部血管性病变患者84例,其中脑内血管畸形6例,脑外伤5例,脑出血慢性期10例,脑梗塞36例,脑肿瘤27例.均行常规T1WI、T2WI、T2FLAIR、3DTOFMRA、DWI及T2*WI成像,脑血管畸形及脑肿瘤加扫增强序列.结果 T2*WI在脑内血管畸形,能清楚显示病灶内小出血,较细小血管走行及分布;脑梗塞患者脑内发现更多微小的出血灶,脑肿瘤内可显示小的引流静脉及出血.结论 在脑内血管性病变,T2*WI可提供更多影像信息,可作为 MRI常规序列的有力补充,在中枢神经系统疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有较高临床实用价值.     

肺动脉栓塞症及盆腔和下肢深静脉血栓的MR血管成像诊断初探

目的 通过综合应用三维增强磁共振血管成像(3DCE-MRA)和二维(2D)增强快速扰相位梯度回波(FSPGR)检查技术，对肺动脉、盆腔及下肢静脉血栓在1次检查中同时完成不同部位血栓的检出，探讨这种综合性检查方法的临床应用。方法 自2001年1月至2003年5月对临床怀疑有肺动脉栓塞的15例患者进行自动进床团注追踪法的周围血管3DCE-MRA和增强后的2DFSPGR序列扫描。扫描部位包括4部分，即肺、盆腔、大腿、小腿。当肺血管采集完成后，依次进行盆腔、大腿、小腿的采集；尔后再反向按部位进行第2回采集。2DFSPGR序列扫描盆腔、大腿、小腿。15例同时例行肺CT血管造影术(CTA)和(或)DSA检查，12例行下肢静脉多普勒超声检查。结果 15例3DCE-MRA肺扫描中12例获得满意的肺血管成像，15例髂内外静脉、下肢深静脉较动脉的信号强度低，但在后处理时可清楚地分辨静脉结构。15例用增强FSPGR序列扫描的动脉和深静脉均被清楚显示。(1)3DCE-MRA发现14例肺动脉栓塞病变，9例盆腔和下肢静脉血栓病变。表现为多处血栓。(2)2D增强FSPGR序列可作为3DCE-MRA序列的补充，它有更大的扫描范围，即发现髂内静脉属支的血栓。(3)在上述的扫描序列上血栓为低信号，呈偏侧性或腔内充盈缺损；(4)6例静脉血栓局部的管径明显增宽。结论 1次性3DCE-MRA和2D增强FSPGR序列增强扫描可以成为肺动脉栓塞症和盆腔、下肢深静脉血栓的全面检查方法。     

透视触发并行采集高分辨率三维增强颈动脉磁共振血管成像术

目的评估透视触发和并行采集技术用于高分辨率三维增强颈动脉磁共振血管成像术(3DCEMRA)的可行性。方法80个临床诊断或怀疑颈动脉狭窄的病人接受3DCEMRA检查。使用透视触发软件触发启动颈动脉3DCEMRA扫描,同时采用K空间椭圆形中心填充法和加速因子为2的并行采集技术。对显示的各段动脉和有无静脉早期显影做分析。动脉狭窄分成动脉管壁不规则、轻度狭窄、严重狭窄和闭塞。颈动脉3DCEMRA的显示结果与其他检查结果做了对照。结果所有病例均顺利触发和完成颈动脉3DCEMRA检查。3DCEMRA显示了80例病人总共800支动脉段(100%显示率),所有病例在动脉显示区域内静脉均未显影或显影很淡,对诊断不构成影响。结果显示有680段动脉正常、41段动脉管壁不规则、24段动脉轻度狭窄、51段严重狭窄和4段闭塞。另外10段颈动脉狭窄处溃疡形成,12例患者除见颈动脉狭窄以外,还发现合并椎动脉和/或锁骨下动脉狭窄。36例病例,与其他血管成像技术作了比较,3DCEMRA的检查结果与之完全符合,未出现高估或低估血管狭窄程度。结论透视触发并行采集高分辨率3DCEMRA简单可行,成像时间短,空间分辨率高,能清楚显示颈动脉,它将在颈动脉狭窄的诊断中起重要作用。     

MR3D-STIR SPACE序列增强扫描在臂丛节后神经成像的应用

目的 探讨MR 3D -STIR SPACE序列增强扫描在臂丛节后神经成像的可行性及应用价值.方法 对20例志愿者和10例臂丛神经病变患者行T2WI-STIR、平扫和增强3D -STIR SPACE序列扫描.评价3种方法 对臂丛节后神经的显示情况、对比噪声比(contrast noise ratio,CNR)及图像伪影,观察臂丛神经及其病变在3D -STIR SPACE序列增强扫描中的MR表现.结果 T2WI-STIR、平扫和增强3D -STIR SPACE序列扫描臂丛神经锁骨上段显示率分别为80%、80%、85%,臂丛锁骨下段显示率分别为55%、60%、85%.3种序列CNR分别为34.05±11.48、34.10±11.30、44.59±11.26,3D -STIR SPACE序列增强扫描对臂丛节后神经的CNR及其锁骨下段的显示率高于其他2种方法,增强扫描能明显改善背景抑制效果,减少伪影,病变显示更清晰.结论 3D-STIR SPACE序列增强扫描能更清楚地显示臂丛神经及其病变,有助于臂丛神经病变的诊断及治疗.     

腹部磁共振血管成像的临床应用

目的:评价腹部冠状血管成像的临床实用价值。材料和方法:临床随机选择检查27例。正常表现8例,动、静脉血管病变17例,非血管病变2例。依病变需要确定MR轴位像扫描范围,用二维TOF法间断闭气扫描,用最大强度投影显示。结果:可宏观显示腹部大血管。腹主动脉及病变显示良好,人造血管的通畅情况显示良好,血管原始图象显示腹部脏器对比好,下腔静脉显示差。结论:腹部血管成像能显示腹部血管的全貌,动、静脉同时显示,扫描范围明显大于传统的轴位血管成像。在临床应用中需将血管原始像和投影像结合运用,才能作出准确判断。     

Intracranial MR venography in children: normal anatomy and variations

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Little information is available regarding the anatomy of the intracranial veins and sinuses that can be shown on MR venograms of children. The aim of this study was to determine the normal venous anatomy and anatomic variants. METHODS: Fifty children who were referred for investigation of developmental delay and who had normal results of MR imaging of the brain were recruited into the study. The cerebral veins and sinuses, including the occipital sinuses, were assessed by using 2D time-of-flight venography. Particular attention was paid to the anatomy of the venous confluence. RESULTS: Twenty-seven cases had dominant right transverse sinuses, 18 had dominant left transverse sinuses, four had co-dominant transverse sinuses, and one had absence of both transverse sinuses. In 21 (51%) of 41 cases without occipital sinuses, absent or hypoplastic transverse sinuses were found. Nine patients had occipital sinuses. Five (56%) of nine patients with occipital sinuses were younger than 2 years, and patients younger than 2 years accounted for 24% of all patients (12 of 50 patients) in the study. In six (67%) of nine patients with occipital sinuses, absent or hypoplastic transverse sinuses were shown. Two patients had bulbous prominence of the vein of Galen. One had foreshortened superior sagittal sinus, which in turn is drained by two paramedian cortical veins. CONCLUSION: Understanding the normal anatomy of the cerebral venous system and its variants by using MR venography in children provided the background to future studies on anomalous venous structure in malformations of the brain.     

Three-dimensional cerebral contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography at 3.0 Tesla: initial results using highly accelerated parallel acquisition

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate a high spatial resolution 3-dimensional (3D) contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (CE-MR) venography protocol for evaluation of intracranial venous system using highly accelerated parallel imaging at 3.0 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients (4 male, 6 female; age, 38-76 years) with suspected cerebrovascular disease were prospectively studied on a 32-channel 3.0 T MR system. After a single intravenous contrast injection, high spatial resolution 3D CE-MR angiography of the entire supraaortic arteries was performed followed immediately by 3D cerebral CE-MR venography. By using a fast 3D gradient-recalled-echo sequence with elliptic centric k-space ordering and highly accelerated parallel acquisition (acceleration factor 3 and 2 in phase and slice encoding direction, respectively), 3D cerebral CE-MR venography was acquired with voxel dimensions of 0.7 x 0.7 x 0.8 mm in 24 seconds. Image evaluation was performed independently by 2 neuroradiologists for overall image quality, presence of noise, and artifacts. The image quality of 30 venous segments was evaluated in each subject using a 1 to 4 scoring scale. In 2 patients, catheter angiography was available for correlation. Statistical analysis of data was performed by using Wilcoxon rank sum test and kappa coefficient. RESULTS: All studies were determined to be of diagnostic image quality by both observers. The majority (90%) of cerebral venous segments were evaluated to be of diagnostic image quality (median, 3; range, 3-4) by both readers and with excellent interobserver agreement (kappa = 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.93). One meningioma invading the superior sagittal sinus and one superior sagittal sinus fistula were detected subsequently confirmed by conventional angiography. CONCLUSION: High spatial resolution 3D cerebral CE-MR venography is feasible and promising. Using a 32-channel 3.0 T system combined with multichannel array coils effectively supports highly accelerated parallel imaging, enabling subsequent acquisition of both high spatial resolution CE-MR angiography and CE-MR venography after a single contrast injection without impairing the image quality. More extensive clinical studies are warranted to establish the range of applications and confirm the accuracy of this technique.     

64层螺旋CT分别减影脑动脉混合脑动静脉和脑静脉血管成像在颅内自发性出血术前评估的价值

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT分别减影脑动脉、混合脑动静脉、脑静脉血管成像在自发性颅内出血术前评估价值。方法回顾分析同时行CT血管造影（CTA）和数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查的自发性颅内出血患者共215例。 CTA检查全部行64层螺旋CT平扫、增强动脉早期和静脉早期扫描,将动、静脉早期数据减去平扫数据分别重建动脉及混合动静脉,静脉早期数据减去动脉早期数据重建静脉。结果减影脑动脉、脑静脉血管图像去除了颅骨并且动脉、静脉无相互干扰,分别清晰显示动脉或静脉病变,混合脑动静脉则去除颅骨干扰且同时显示脑动静脉病变。215例颅内出血患者中14例CTA和DSA检查颅内均未见畸形血管,2例动脉瘤DSA发现而CTA未显示,3例动脉瘤CTA发现而DSA未显示。 CTA和DSA共同显示畸形血管196例,敏感性为99．9％,特异性为82．4％,其中动脉瘤179例,动静脉畸形9例,静脉瘤3例,烟雾病5例。结论64层螺旋CT分别减影脑动脉、混合脑动静脉、脑静脉血管成像在颅内出血检查,病变及周围结构显示清楚,对临床术前评估有较大意义,值得推广应用。     

Retrograde cortical and deep venous drainage in patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: comparison of MR imaging and angiographic findings

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We assessed MR imaging, specifically contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE), in evaluating retrograde venous drainage in patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) that may result in catastrophic venous infarction or hemorrhage. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with angiographically proved dAVFs underwent nonenhanced spin-echo (SE) and fast SE imaging, 3D fast imaging with steady-state precession, and enhanced SE and 3D MP-RAGE imaging. Retrograde venous drainage was categorized as cerebral cortical, deep cerebral, posterior fossa medullary, ophthalmic, or spinal venous. We assessed retrograde venous drainage and graded its severity. MR imaging and angiographic severities were correlated. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic utility of each technique compared with conventional angiography. We retrospectively correlated angiograms and MR images. RESULTS: Enhanced 3D MP-RAGE and T1-weighted SE images had higher diagnostic accuracy higher than nonenhanced images, especially when retrograde drainage involved cerebral cortical, posterior fossa, and spinal veins. Correlation of severity for enhanced MP-RAGE images and enhanced T1-weighted images with angiograms was good to excellent and better than that with nonenhanced images. All sequences had low diagnostic accuracy when drainage was via deep cerebral veins. On retrospective review, 3D MP-RAGE images showed two thrombotic inferior petrosal sinuses. CONCLUSION: Enhanced MR images were superior to nonenhanced images in assessing retrograde venous drainage in intracranial dAVFs. Enhanced 3D MP-RAGE is superior to enhanced T1-weighted SE imaging for determining the route and severity of venous reflux because of its increased spatial resolution and ability to contiguously delineate the venous system.     

磁共振脑静脉系血管成像技术及其临床应用

目的探讨磁共振脑静脉系血管成像的技术方法和最佳扫描方案，评价磁共振静脉系血管成像技术(MR venography，MRV)对静脉系疾病的诊断价值及临床意义。方法采用二维时间飞跃法MR血管造影(2D-TOF-MRA)、二维相位对比血管造影(2D-PCA)和三维对比增强MR血管造影(3D-CE-MRA)3种血管成像技术分别对20例健康志愿者和20例临床或MRI疑有静脉系疾病的患者行MRV成像，并采用最大强度投影(MIP)、多平面或曲面重建(MPR)及数字减影MRA(DSMRA)技术对图像进行后处理，观察脑静脉系在MRV中的显示情况及脑静脉系疾病在MRV中表现形式，制定脑静脉系成像的最佳方案。结果本组经3D-CE-MRA静脉系成像诊断为13例颅内静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)及7例颅内肿瘤累及静脉系的阳性显示率为100％，均经临床治疗复诊及手术证实。2D-PCA及2D-TOF-MRA对细小引流静脉显示欠佳，且2D-TOF-MRA对复杂区域内静脉血管亦显示欠佳。结论3D-CE-MRA结合2D-PCA及2D-TOF-MRA静脉成像技术形成全脑静脉系成像，为脑静脉系的最佳成像方案，对临床术前评估和指导治疗有极其重要的意义。     

16层螺旋CT血管造影在颅内病变中的应用

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)对颅内疾病的应用价值。方法:应用16层螺旋CT对43例脑血管病变和颅内肿瘤患者行CTA检查,全部病例均采用多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、表面遮盖显示(SSD)、最大密度投影(MIP)、三维容积重建(3D-VR)等技术显示脑血管,对脑血管显示情况进行评价,并将结果与DSA和/或手术结果比较。结果:43例患者CTA脑血管主干及1~3级分支血管显示率为100%;CTA检查未见异常4例,动脉瘤20例,血管畸形8例,缺血性脑血管病7例,脑肿瘤4例,其中21例行DSA检查,13例行手术治疗;与DSA比较,CTA对动脉瘤的敏感性为92%(12/13),CTA清晰地显示了瘤体、瘤颈、载瘤动脉及其详细关系,CTA显示的瘤体小于手术所见;CTA显示的畸形血管团大小、部位、供血动脉和引流静脉与DSA及手术所见相符;CTA显示脑血管狭窄、中断部位、形态与DSA一致;CTA显示了肿瘤与周围血管和颅骨间的三维关系。结论:16层螺旋CT血管造影对颅内各种血管性病变的诊断及显示血管与其他颅内病变的三维空间关系具有重要价值,是诊断颅内病变的重要而有效的检查方法。     

Utility of contrast-enhanced 3D turbo-flash MR angiography in evaluating the intracranial venous system

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced 3D turbo-flash and 2D time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) sequences in the visualization and evaluation of the intracranial venous system. A prospective study was carried out on 41 patients referred to our Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) unit with clinical findings suggestive of dural sinus thrombosis. Contrast-enhanced 3D turbo-flash and 2D TOF MRA sequences were performed, and the dural sinuses and cerebral veins were classified into five grades according to the quality of visualization and presence of thrombosis. We found the dural sinuses and cerebral veins to be normal in all sequences in 31 patients. Thrombosis of dural sinuses was detected in ten patients, with four of these ten cases found only in the contrast-enhanced 3D turbo-flash sequence. In general, complete visualization of cerebral veins and dural sinuses was significantly better accomplished with contrast-enhanced 3D turbo-flash MRA than with 2D TOF in either coronal or sagittal/oblique planes. Although 2D TOF MRA may be superior in detecting chronic dural sinus thrombosis, contrast-enhanced 3D turbo-flash MRA sequences may offer advantages for the early diagnosis and management of acute and subacute dural sinus thrombosis.     

无三叉神经痛者三叉神经与血管关系:3D FSPGR序列

目的 利用3D FSPGR序列研究无三叉神经痛受检者中三叉神经脑池段与邻近血管关系。资料与方法 回顾性分析50例无三叉神经痛患者增强轴位3D FSPGR图像，层厚1mm，分别观察双侧三叉神经周围是否存在血管影，同时测定三叉神经长轴与邻近血管的距离，根据神经周围血管有无及距离的远近分成无血管、远离、接近、接触、变形5种情况。结果 50例患者100侧三叉神经中，周围无血管的三叉神经占37％（右侧18例，左侧19例），其中12例双侧三叉神经周围皆无血管。在周围有血管的三叉神经中，接触占23％，接近占11％，远离占29％。所有研究对象中皆未发现血管引起的三叉神经变形。结论 3D FSPGR序列可用于三叉神经和邻近血管关系的研究。在无三叉神经痛者三叉神经与微血管接触率为23％，此结果可为三叉神经痛病因学的研究提供依据。     

静脉性脑梗死MR影像特点

目的回顾总结静脉性脑梗死MRI及MRV影像表现,旨在提高影像诊断水平。方法对15例静脉性脑梗死的MR表现进行了回顾性分析,其中9例临床治疗后复查MR表现明显好转,临床症状明显改善。15例均行常规MRI平扫,其中9例同时进行MR增强及3DCE-MRV,6例行2DTOF MRV。结果 15例脑内多发病灶9例,单发病灶6例,其中2例脑梗死伴出血改变。15例中发生于额叶4例,顶叶6例,颞叶3例,枕叶1例,小脑1例。静脉栓塞部位11例为上矢状窦,1例直窦及左横窦,1例右侧横窦及乙状窦,2例皮层大脑浅静脉。9例行增强扫描,5例病灶内不规则强化,2例脑膜强化,3例无强化.7例MRV均显示栓塞的静脉血流信号丢失或缺损,3例出现异常静脉侧支或引流静脉异常扩张。结论静脉性脑梗死MR影像表现具有特征性,MRI结合MRV可以作为首选的无创检查方法,对静脉栓塞早期诊断和治疗有重要作用。     

脑静脉窦闭塞的影像学表现

目的探讨脑静脉窦血栓形成的影像学表现,进一步提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性地分析36例脑静脉窦血栓形成的影像学(包括MR I,CT和DSA)资料,男15例,女21例,年龄23~59岁。结果MR上T1加权像及T2加权像脑实质内出现异常信号26例,其中散在脑实质内出血并长T1长T2异常信号者16例,长T1长T2信号者6例,4例可见脑室扩大,4例脑肿胀,显示脑沟、池变窄。25例脑静脉窦不强化,但可见皮层静脉异常强化。CT上见脑肿胀并出血者10例,伴脑缺血性低密度者5例,且可见随时间推移静脉窦密度减低;DSA证实,上矢状窦闭塞15例,单侧横窦闭塞8例,乙状窦闭塞7例,直窦闭塞4例,下矢状窦闭塞2例。结论脑静脉窦闭塞的影像表现与动脉性闭塞完全不同。CT和MR检查对诊断脑静脉窦闭塞具有重要意义,DSA仍为诊断该病的金标准。